Exam 2 A&P

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are

oxytocin

Decreased blood calcium level would result in increased secretion of which hormone? (Module 16.9C)

parathyroid hormone

Two hormones that have additive effects are called

synergists

The testes produce

testosterone

Which blood type consists of plasma containing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

type O

Which of the following is false concerning monocytes?

about same size as basophils

Calcitonin

can be administered clinically to treat several metabolic disorders associated with elevated calcium levels and excessive bone formation.

Define hormone receptor. (Module 16.4A)

A hormone receptor is a protein located outside or inside the cell that binds with a specific hormone.

Which is true regarding heme?

The binding of an oxygen molecule to the iron in a heme unit is completely reversible.

The ovaries secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.

estrogen

The most common form of hemolytic disease of the newborn happens after a __________ woman has carried a __________ fetus.

Rh-, Rh+

Which of the following responses do not occur when blood glucose levels are increasing above the normal range, such as after eating a meal?

There is an increase in the breakdown of fat into fatty acids in adipose tissue.

Which blood type(s) can be safely transfused into a person with type O- blood? (Module 17.7C)

They can receive only O- blood.

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

aldosterone

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the

cortex

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Platelets function in all of the following except

dissolving a formed clot.

Part complete Why can't a person with type A blood safely receive blood from a person with type B blood? (Module 17.7D)

A person with type A blood will have anti-B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood.

Define synergistic effect. (Module 16.14A)

A synergistic effect is when two hormones have an effect where the net result is greater than the sum of the hormones' individual effects.

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except

ACTH levels

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

ADH

What condition is characterized by increased body weight due to Na+ and water retention and a low blood K+ concentration? (Module 16.18C)

Aldosteronism

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes.

RBC count

Define endocrine system. (Module 16.3A)

The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the production of hormones or paracrines.

Describe the two types of diabetes mellitus. (Module 16.13B)

The two types of diabetes mellitus are type 1, characterized by inadequate insulin production; and type 2, characterized by insulin resistance.

What is the common goal of the nervous and endocrine systems? (Module 16.1A)

To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal

Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets?

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called

antagonists

Name the two lobes of the pituitary gland. (Module 16.6A)

anterior lobe and posterior lobe

Part complete The endocrine system works most closely with the ________ system to maintain homeostasis.

cardiovascular

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.

The function of hemoglobin is to

carry oxygen.

Which of the following are the most abundant of the formed elements?

erythrocytes

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

Red cell production is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called

erythropoietin (EPO).

Which of the following is NOT one of the three phases of hemostasis?

fibrinous

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance.

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause

gigantism

When blood glucose levels fall,

glucagon is released.

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

growth hormone

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

growth hormone.

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

hemoglobin

A typical adult hematocrit is

higher in males than females.

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses.

hormones; neurotransmitters

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by all of the following except

increase sweat gland secretions.

Which of the following is not true of basophils?

increased production during parasitic infections

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12.

Part complete The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is

insulin

The secretion of which hormone lowers blood glucose concentration? (Module 16.11B)

insulin

When blood glucose levels rise,

insulin is released.

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in all of the following places except the

kidney

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS),

lipid reserves are mobilized. lipid reserves are mobilized.

The condition known as goiter can result from too

little iodine in the diet

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

low blood glucose

All of the following are heritable blood disorders except

malaria

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the

medulla

Name the hormones secreted by the heart. (Module 16.15A)

natriuretic peptides

Which type of white blood cell would you find in the greatest numbers in an infected cut? (Module 17.9C)

neutrophil

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone.

Which blood disorder involves a deficiency of Vitamin B12?

pernicious anemia

Which of the following is not a component of plasma?

platelets

An elevated hematocrit value is termed

polycythemia

The term used to describe excess production of urine is

polyuria

PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________.

prolactin; corticotropin

Part complete Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

recycled to red bone marrow.

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow.

Part complete The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.

When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis

separated

Which is a function of melatonin in humans?

sets circadian rhythms

Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time.

several

The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.

suprarenal

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B antibodies

Which blood type contains RBCs with surface antigen B only and plasma that contains only anti-A antibodies?

type B

The normal pH of blood is

slightly alkaline.

Which type of hormone diffuses across the plasma membrane and binds to receptors in the cytoplasm? (Module 16.4C)

steroid hormones

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.

PTH

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

PRL

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.

5 to 6

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55; 92

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?

9

Define diabetes mellitus. (Module 16.13A)

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

FSH

Define hematocrit. (Module 17.2B)

Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements.

Describe hemoglobin. (Module 17.5B)

Hemoglobin is a protein inside RBCs that binds oxygen.

Define hemostasis. (Module 17.10A)

Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding.

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

Hormones

Define the prefixes hyper- and hypo- in the context of endocrine disorders. (Module 16.18A)

Hyper refers to excessive hormone production. Hypo refers to inadequate hormone production.

How does a treatment with anti-Rh antibodies (RhoGAM) prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation.

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?

It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream.

Proper growth does not require which of the following hormones?

MSH

All of the following are targets for insulin except

blood cells.

What is determined by the surface antigens on RBCs? (Module 17.7A)

blood type

The primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes?

defend against specific pathogens or toxins

Which of the following is mismatched?

endocrine communication — target cells are directly adjacent to each other

The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems.

endocrine; nervous

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine