EXAM 2 AREC 365

Look at Table 9.4 in The World Food Problem. Judging by their growth rates from 1998 to 2014, which two regions most strongly support the convergence hypothesis?

China and East Asia

Which statement below best characterizes the evidence regarding the validity of the theory of demographic transition?

Evidence supporting the theory can be found in the experiences of rich countries (the United Kingdom and Sweden, for example) and in the experiences of developing countries (Saudi Arabia was an example of a country which had shown a pattern of declining death rates followed by declining fertility rates).

True or false: A comprehensive study by the World Bank (Deininger and Squire 1997) found a strong correlation between growth and income inequality. Of the countries whose per capita GDP grew for a decade, income inequality improved for nearly all of them.

False No clear correlation was found. However, the study did find a relationship between growth and wealth inequality (measured by land ownership).

Select all correct answers. Based on Table 8.4 in the textbook:

Food production worldwide has grown faster than population in the last 50 years, so food production per capita has gradually increased. Countries in Southern Africa have seen a general downward trend in food production per capita over the last 50 years, while developed countries in the European Union have seen an increase.

The "purchasing power parity" (PPP) measure of income per capita adjusts the average income in the country for differences in the cost of living. Consider two countries. Using the exchange rate conversion measure of income, Country P ("Poor") has an income per capita of $400, and country R ("Rich") has an income per capita of $54,000. After adjusting for differences in the cost of living, which one of the following reflects the most likely PPP measures of income per capita in the two countries?

In country P, income/capita (PPP) will be greater than $400, and in country R, income/capita (PPP) will be less than $54,000.

What is the demographic dividend?

The increased economic growth that could result from a larger working age population relative to the young dependent population it needs to support.

The Cerrado in Brazil was once regarded as unfit for farming because:

The soils were too acidic and nutrient poor.

Which of the following best characterizes current thinking about the future of the earth's water supply:

Water availability may be the most important factor constraining future growth of food consumption.

According to the graph (in lecture overheads) showing growth and well-being in Africa, what is true about the correlation between a country's growth (measured by GDP per capita) and well-being (measured by their SEDA score)?

While there is some positive correlation, GDP is an imperfect measure of living standards. This is evidenced by the fact that there are a number of countries that have low SEDA scores relative to the amount of GDP per capita that they experience.

Which one of the following statements best describes worldwide population growth since 1989 or 1990:

World population continues to grow, but each year's growth is smaller than the previous year.

Which statement best reflects the relationship between biofuels and worldwide undernutrition?

iofuels are currently made almost entirely from foodstocks, and therefore the growth of biofuels is expected to compete with human nutrition needs for available food, and make it harder to achieve progress in reducing prevalence of undernutrition.

Which of the following statements about inequality are true?

1.) There is a trend toward greater income inequality since the 1980s, particularly in (but not limited to) formerly socialist countries. 2.) In the U.S. wealth inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient increased overall from 1995 to 2004, but wealth inequality amongst the highest earners declined. 3.) Expenditure distribution in the U.S. is less unequal compared to the level of income inequality. 4.) Different trends in income inequality over time emerge when specific levels of the income distribution are examined. Many individuals in the bottom 20 percent have moved out of that group over time, and many individuals in the top .01 percent have dropped out of this group over time.

Refer to Figure 2-3 on page 5 of An Aging World: 2015. When is the number of people age 65+ as a percentage of the global population expected to pass the percentage of children under 5?

2020