Exam 2: Connect

Which of the following types of epithelial tissue lines the interior of blood vessels?

Simple Squamous

This picture shows two different types of cutaneous glands. What do apocrine glands produce?

Sweat

Which epidermal cell type is most closely associated with the function of allowing us to interact with our external environment?

Tactile cells

Use this picture to carefully examine the lumina of apocrine and sebaceous glands. (Note: "Lumina" is the plural form of "lumen.") Which of the following statements is true?

The apocrine gland has a clear lumen, the sebaceous gland does not.

Examine the picture showing the two layers of the dermis, then chose the correct words to complete this sentence. The papillary layer of the dermis is made up of __________, and the reticular layer of the dermis is made up of __________.

areolar tissue; dense irregular connective tissue

Muscle tissue characteristics

excitable cells that are cylindrical, branching, or spindle shaped

Tissues whose cells are most susceptible to stimuli that change the membrane potential are called __________.

excitable tissue

Match the degree of burn with its characteristics

first degree- only the epidermis is involved. there is redness, edema, and pain second degree- the epidermis and part of the dermis is involved. there are usually blisters third degree- the epidermis, entire dermis, and often some deeper tissues are involved. this type of burn often requires a skin graft

Click and drag the terms from the left into the spaces provided on the right, so that they are arranged to accurately display the anatomical terms from bottom to top in order of proximal to distal.

free edge, tip of distal phalanx, proximal nail body, lunule, eponychium

Which accessory structure is highlighted in the picture?

hair

Nervous tissue characteristics

includes excitable cells with numerous cellular extensions connecting adjacent cells to one another

Which structure is highlighted on this section of a cadaver finger?

nail bed

Use this picture to carefully examine the histology of the apocrine and sebaceous glands, then chose the correct words to complete the following sentence. The secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands is made up of __________ epithelium, and the secretory portion of sebaceous glands is made up of __________ epithelium.

simple cuboidal; stratified cuboidal

Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of cells is called __________.

stratified

A muscle with striations and one nucleus per cell is

Cardiac muscle

hyaline cartilage

*attaches the ribs to the sternum *provides a low-friction surface for ease of joint movement *holds open passages so we can breathe

Epithelial tissue characteristics

*composed of squamous, cuboidal, or columnar-shaped cells *always maintains a basement membrane and an apical (free) surface *cells are sometimes well-adapted for secretory and/or absorptive functions

simple (epithelium)

*every cell touches the basement membrane *allows for rapid diffusion of substances *lines the lumens of the renal tubules of the kidneys

Fibrocartilage

*found in the intervertebral discs *resists compressive forces in the spine

Elastic cartilage

*helps collect sound waves *allows structures to stretch and return to original shape

Connective tissue characteristics

*most varied of the tissue types *provides support and mechanical protection *provides immune protection

Fibroblast

*produces the ground substance of areolar tissue *found in dense regular connective tissue

Leukocyte

*reacts against bacteria

Osteoblast

*secretes hydroxyapatite *found in the femur

Chondroblast

*secretes the matrix of hyaline cartilage *associated with the tissue that lines moveable joints

Which of the following statements regarding epithelial structure and function is/are true? Check all that apply.

*simple squamous epithelium allows for rapid diffusion *the microvilli on simple columnar epithelium helps to maximize absorption *urothelium of the urinary bladder can change shape to accommodation bladder wall stretching

stratified (epithelium)

*some cells rest on top of other cells *resists abrasion *found on the superficial surface of the skin *found in sweat gland ducts *is sometimes keratinized

Which of the following are factors in determining whether individuals have darker or lighter skin? Check all that apply

- In darker skin, the melanocytes produce more melanin - In darker skin, the melanin breaks down more slowly

Which of the following is a true statement regarding sebaceous glands? Check all that apply.

- Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance called sebum. - Sebaceous glands are found at the base of eyelash hairs. - Sebaceous glands are responsible for the oil that coats the hair on your scalp.

Match each event in the life of a keratinocyte with the epidermal layer in which that event occurs.

- Stratum basale: stem cells divide, and new keratinocytes are produced. - Stratum spinosum: mitosis ceases. Keratinocytes are pushed upward as new cells are added below them. - Stratum granulosum: keratin filaments are bound together to form waterproof bundles. Keratinocytes die. - Stratum corneum: dead keratinocytes exfoliate from the skin surface.

Match each type of cutaneous gland with its product.

- Sudoriferous glands: sweat - Sebaceous glands: oily secretions - Ceruminous glands: earwax - Mammary glands :milk

Sebaceous glands (shown here) secrete a product called sebum. What is sebum?

An oily substance that helps moisturize the skin and hair

Name the connective tissue that is poorly defined, contains all of the cell types, and adapts to the tissue it supports.

Areolar

An epithelium is categorized partly by whether all cells are in contact with the:

Basement membrane

Use this picture to carefully examine the structure of the apocrine and sebaceous gland ducts. Which of the following statements is true?

Both types of glands release their products into hair follicles.

How does the structure of the reticular dermis relate to its functional properties?

Bundles of densely packed collagen fibers help the skin withstand stretching in many different directions.

In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue?

Columnar

A characteristic all muscle types have in common:

Contractile

Organize the following layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep.

Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Place the following layers of a hair follicle in order from superficial to deep.

Cuticle, cortex, medulia

Name the connective tissue that contains a dense collection of collagen fibers running in the direction in which they typically experience stress and forms tendons and ligaments.

Dense Regular

Dermal papillae are numerous in palmar and plantar skin but few in number in the skin of the face and abdomen. What do you think is the functional significance of this difference?

Dermal papillae help strengthen the connection between the dermis and epidermis and help prevent friction-related damage in high use areas

Four of the five statements below are common misconceptions about hair and fingernails. Which one is true?

Each scalp hair can grow for several years before falling out.

Name the connective tissue that is surrounded by a perichondrium and contains both collagen and elastic fibers to provide strength and flexibility.

Elastic Cartilage

How does the structure of the papillary dermis relate to its functional properties?

The loosely organized tissue allows the diffusion of nutrients and the movement of white blood cells between the dermis and the avascular epidermis.

Use this picture to compare the tissue structure in the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis. Which of the following best describes your observations?

The reticular layer is thicker and more fibrous. The papillary layer is a thinner zone of more loosely organized tissue containing many "wandering" white blood cells.

According to modern theories, which of the following is a function of human hair? Check all that apply.

To transmit sexual scents, to maintain the temperature of the head, to express nonverbal communication

Keep in mind the location of the nerve fibers in this picture. What impact might this have on cutaneous sensation?

Unlike first-degree burns, third-degree burns destroy the nerve fibers in the dermis and may therefore be painless.