Exam 2 Dentistry

Describe the two specific techniques you must use to position yourself relative to the dental radiography machine to ensure your safety from radiation exposure.

1. Stand a minimum of 6 feet away from the x-ray machine head. 2. Stand in a location that is 90º - 270º angle to the x-ray beam.

Using the Triadan system, the left maxillary teeth would be in the __________ series.

200

The normal adult canine has __________ permanent teeth.

42

Abbreviations are commonly used in veterinary practice, and some abbreviations are exclusive to dental terminology. According to the AVDC tooth fracture classifications, name and describe the fracture represented by the abbreviation CCRF.

CCRF = complicated crown and root fracture This means a fracture that involves the crown and the root and for which there is some degree of pulp exposure.

a sulcus depth ≤ 3 mm is normal in a cat. T/F

False

List six items / instruments that the veterinarian would possibly use to perform a surgical extraction of a tooth -- BE SPECIFIC. [List only six. If you list more than six, only the first six entries will be considered for grading.]

Instruments / items that might be used by the veterinarian would include: soft tissue retractor (or tongue depressor) scalpel holder / blade tissue forceps periosteal elevator(s) dental drill with bur(s) dental elevator(s) / luxator(s) root tip extractor(s) extraction forceps curette (to debride tooth socket) needle driver / suture

Explain why it is essential to take both pre- and post-extraction radiographs of a diseased tooth.

Radiographs before an extraction provide diagnostic information (i.e., condition of the alveolar bone) that would be used as part of the decision as to whether to extract or not. They also provide a view of the actual tooth anatomy that would be used to devise an extraction strategy and alert the veterinarian of any tooth anatomical abnormalities. Radiographs after the extraction provide proof that the entire root was extracted.

What patient care is required after advanced periodontal procedures such as a surgical extraction / gingival flap procedure?

The patient should be placed on a soft food diet for 1 week. The mouth should be rinsed daily with a 0.12% chlorhexidine solution for 1-2 weeks. The owner should start brushing teeth 1-2 weeks postoperatively and be very gentle around the surgery site.

Which of the following correctly describes the puppy dental formula? a. 2 X ( I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/3 ) b. 2 X ( I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2 M 1/1 ) c. 2 X ( I 2/1 C 0/0 P 3/2 M 3/3 ) d. 2 X ( I 3/3 C 1/1 P 4/4 M 2/3 )

a. 2 X ( I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/3 )

If a tooth is fractured and there is a black spot in the center of the cut surface, into which you can place a dental explorer, the best treatment would be: a. either a root canal or an extraction b. an extraction c. a radiograph to see if there are changes in the tooth or surrounding areas, with treatment provided according to findings d. a discussion of fees with the client and a determination of whether or not the patient experiences pain before therapy

a. either a root canal or an extraction

Vital pulp therapy refers to: a. operating outright on the pulp of a live tooth b. a procedure generally used when the tooth has been dead for a long time c. a procedure to turn a live tooth into a dead tooth d. root canal therapy

a. operating outright on the pulp of a live tooth

In dental radiographs, periapical disease appears as a: a. radiolucent area around the apex of the tooth b. radiopaque area inside the tooth pulp c. radiolucent area inside the tooth pulp d. radiopaque area around the apex of the tooth

a. radiolucent area around the apex of the tooth

The bisecting angle technique is a method for radiographing the oral cavity. The description that adequately describes this technique is: a. the central radiation beam is directed perpendicular to the line that bisects the angle formed by the film and the long axis of the tooth. b. the central radiation beam is directed parallel to the line that bisects the angle formed by the film and the perpendicular axis of the tooth. c. the central radiation beam is directed perpendicular to the film or sensor. d. the central radiation beam is directed perpendicular to the tooth root.

a. the central radiation beam is directed perpendicular to the line that bisects the angle formed by the film and the long axis of the tooth.

Why would thermal bone injury be a complication of tooth extraction? a. Tooth extractors cause excessive heat, which could injure the remaining teeth. b. The bur may overheat and damage the soft tissue and bone. c. Tooth elevators cause excessive heat, which could injure the soft tissue around the tooth that is being extracted. d. Thermal injury is not a concern, as you are removing the tooth anyway.

b. The bur may overheat and damage the soft tissue and bone.

Which one of the following is the most important safety consideration in the anesthetized dental patient? a. maintain the patient's body temperature b. airway management c. rolling the patient with the sternum under d. blood pressure monitoring and managment

b. airway management

Which nerve block would be effective to desensitize both the buccal and palatal sides of one half of the upper arcade of teeth? a. rostral maxillary b. caudal maxillary c. rostral mandibular d. caudal mandibular

b. caudal maxillary

The dental instrument that loosens the tooth root from the periodontal ligament is the: a. periosteal elevator b. dental elevator c. extraction forceps d. root tip elevator

b. dental elevator

As part of normal tooth growth, what part of the tooth thickens? a. gingiva b. dentin c. enamel d. pulp

b. dentin

All of the following are complications that may result from extractions, except: a. jaw fracture b. gingival hyperplasia c. oronasal fistula d. hemorrhage

b. gingival hyperplasia

Local antibiotic therapy is provided: a. subcutaneously b. into the periodontal pocket c. into a foramen d. intravenously

b. into the periodontal pocket

Horizontal bone loss occurs in cases of: a. orthodontic disease b. periodontal disease c. tooth resorption d. fractured teeth

b. periodontal disease

If positioning a patient for a radiograph of a left fourth upper premolar, in what position is it best to place your patient? a. medial recumbency b. sternal recumbency c. lateral recumbency d. dorsal recumbency

b. sternal recumbency

The term polyodontia refers to: a. supernumerary teeth and retained deciduous teeth b. supernumerary teeth c. tooth loss as a result of periodontal disease d. retained deciduous teeth

b. supernumerary teeth

If the x-ray beam is directed from the distal aspect of tooth 108, the root that will appear in the middle on the radiograph is: a. the distal root b. the mesial-palatal root c. the mesial-buccal root d. neither as they will be superimposed

b. the mesial-palatal root

Why are root canals not normally performed on animals less than 1 year of age? a. juvenile animals are more susceptible to pain b. young animals have a wide pulp canal and an open root apex c. root canals generally last only 4-5 years and the procedure would need to be repeated in the future d. puppies tend to fracture the protective crowns that are placed over the restoration

b. young animals have a wide pulp canal and an open root apex

Never move, reposition, or turn the dental patient while the ET tube is attached to the __________________ circuit.

breathing

If the history of a missing tooth is not known, what is recommended? a. if the pet has a history of periodontal disease, nothing should be done because it probably fell out b. if the pet has no history of oral disease, nothing should be done because is probably was lost as a result of trauma c. Inform the veterinarian and take radiographs d. none of the above

c. Inform the veterinarian and take radiographs

The most important aspect of periodontal therapy is: a. surgical debridement of necrotic cementum b. guided tissue restoration c. complete removal of calculus and plaque from all surfaces of the crown, sulcus, and root d. appropriate antibiotic therapy

c. complete removal of calculus and plaque from all surfaces of the crown, sulcus, and root

You are looking at your dental radiograph and notice that the tooth is foreshortened. This happened because the x-ray beam was too close to perpendicular to the: a. bisecting angle b. tooth c. film / sensor d. wrong tooth

c. film / sensor

Which material is used to fill the pulp chamber inside the tooth during root canal therapy? a. calcium hydroxide b. dental cement c. gutta percha d. acrylic resin

c. gutta percha

The dental instrument used to separate soft tissue from the tooth or alveolar bone is the: a. root tip elevator b. dental elevator c. periosteal elevator d. extraction forceps

c. periosteal elevator

The most commonly fractured teeth in dogs are the

canines, maxillary fourth premolar

All animals undergoing a dental procedure should be intubated with a _______________.

cuffed endotracheal tube

The bisecting angle technique in a dog is used on all of the following areas except: a. 204 b. 105 c. 303 d. 409

d. 409

The dental formula for the permanent teeth in the dog is 2 x ( I 3/3 and C 1/1 ), inaddition to: a. P 3/4 and M 3/3 = 42 b. P 4/4 and M 3/2 = 42 c. P 3/4 and M 3/2 = 40 d. P 4/4 and M 2/3 = 42

d. P 4/4 and M 2/3 = 42

The pulp canal of a tooth contains a. Nerves b. Blood vessels c. Connective tissue and blood vessels d. Blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues

d. blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue

The only radiographic view that can be made with a true parallel technique is: a. rostral mandibular view b. rostral oblique view c. rostral maxillary d. distal mandibular view

d. distal mandibular view

In the treatment of periodontal disease, a curette is used to remove calculus and necrotic cementum from the diseased tooth roots, using multiple overlapping strokes, until the root surface is as smooth as glass. This procedure is known as: a. subgingival curettage b. a root canal c. exodontics d. root planing

d. root planing

Which dental radiographic projection images 101, 102, 103, 201, 202, & 203? a. rostral mandibular view b. lateral oblique view c. parallel mandibular view d. rostral maxillary

d. rostral maxillary

The branch of veterinary dentistry that concerns the study and treatment of the inside of the tooth (pulp) and the periapical tissues is ______________ .

endodontics

All teeth with exposed pulp should be treated with endodontic therapy or _______________.

extraction

When extracting a tooth, the goal is to fatigue the _______________ and avoid tooth fracture.

periodontal ligament

The SLOB Rule is:

same lingual, opposite buccal