Exam 2: Hunger and Food Insecurity

Who is the target audience for the School lunch program, school breakfast program, WIC, SNAP, and the Emergency Food System?

-For the school lunch/breakfast programs it is for kids in school (based on poverty) -WIC is for pregnant and nursing women and children 5 years and younger. -SNAP is for anyone who makes below a certain income -Emergency Food Assistance is for people in poverty.

What are the psychological consequences of food insecurity and hunger in the U.S.?

-Higher levels of aggression, hyperactivity, and anxiety -Difficulty getting along with other children -Increased need for mental health services -Depressed mood, suicidal thoughts and intentions

What are the academic consequences of food insecurity and hunger in the U.S.?

-Impaired cognitive functioning and diminished capacity to learn -Lower test scores and poorer overall school achievement -Repeating a grade in school -Increased school absences, tardiness, and school suspension.

What are the health consequences of food insecurity and hunger in the U.S.?

-Poor overall health status and compromised ability to resist illness -Elevated occurrence of health problems such as stomachaches, headaches, colds, ear infections, and fatigue -Greater incidence of hospitalization

How big is the problem of food insecurity and hunger in the U.S.? Who is affected?

1 in 6 Americans say they don't eat enough. 30% of U.S families are food insecure. Anyone can be affected but mainly people with low income.

Senior Nutrition Program (Home Congregate)

A major goal of the Elder Affairs Nutrition project is to provide at least one nutritionally balanced meal per day to seniors either at a congregate meal site or through home-delivered meals.

Food Security

Access, availability, food safety, socially-acceptable means.

When did the subjects in the Minnesota Starvation Experiment normalize their eating patterns?

After the study ended, the subjects started to over eat and gain a lot of weight. They went from normal weight, to underweight, and then to overweight. It took the guy in the video 3 years to get back to normal.

Competitive Food

Competitive foods and beverages are those that are 1) sold, 2) to students, 3) on school campus, 4) during the school day, and 5) outside of the federally reimbursable meal programs. Examples may be foods or beverages sold in vending machines (that are not reimbursable meals), student stores, fundraisers, or á la carte items sold by the school food service department.

Thrifty Food Plan

Determines the poverty line and benefits for SNAP. Undated monthly. For poverty line, they take the least amount of money it takes for a nutritious diet and then multiply it by three.

Food Recovery

Food Recovery Network unites students on college campuses to fight food waste and hunger by recovering perishable food that would otherwise go to waste from their campuses and communities and donating it to people in need.

What are the consequences of food insecurity and hunger for children in the U.S.?

Food insecurity and hunger within the first three years of a child's life can lead to development issues. It can also cause diabetes, obesity, and focus problems at school.

What are examples of government and charitable food assistance programs? Who is eligible?

Food stamps, elderly feeding program, food banks, and soup kitchens. To receive food stamps, a family of three must make less than $24,000 a year.

National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs

Free or reduced priced meals at schools. School lunches must be healthier. Based on poverty. 130% poverty line for free meal. 185% poverty line for $.25 reduced price.

What are benefits of the WIC program?

Improve birth outcomes, decrease risk of development delays, kids more likely to be food secure, healthy weight, and in good health.

Emergency Food Assistance

Is a Federal program that helps supplement the diets of low-income Americans, including elderly people, by providing them with emergency food and nutrition assistance at no cost. It provides food and administrative funds to States to supplement the diets of these groups. Food banks, shelters, soup kitchens, and community kitchens.

Poverty Line (how is it defined?)

It is defined by the Thrifty food plan. Take the least costly nutritious diet and multiply it by 3.

Very Low Food Security

Multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduces food intake.

High Food Security

No reported food limitation or access problem.

Special Supplemental Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC)

Nutrition education and food packages to pregnant/nursing women and children under 5 years of age.

Internationally, which groups are most susceptible to hunger? What is the most common cause of death among malnutrition children?

People in poverty or live in a food desert. Diarrhea is the most common cause of death among malnutrition children.

How are hunger, poverty, and obesity linked?

Poverty leads to hunger and food insecurity. When people don't have a lot of money to spend on groceries, they buy the cheap unhealthy stuff. This leads to obesity.

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)

Provides grant funds to states and territories to provide families with financial assistance and related support services. State-administered programs may include childcare assistance, job preparation, and work assistance.

Low Food Security

Reported reduced dietary quality, variety or desirability, but no significant reduction in total food intake.

Income Inequality

Rich people get richer and poor people get poorer.

Food Stamps

SNAP, benefits are set by the thrifty food plan. For people who make less than a certain income. They get cards that only buys them food products.

What items can be purchased with SNAP cards, EBT cards, and WIC vouchers?

SNAP/EBT cards are only food items (including gardening seeds) WIC vouchers can get you baby formula, baby cereal, meats, fruits, vegetables, milk, juices, breakfast cereal, cheese, eggs, whole wheat bread, legumes, peanut butter, and fish.

Summer Food Service Program

The Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) ensures that low-income children continue to receive nutritious meals when school is not in session

How does the U.S. compare to other countries within regard to food insecurity?

The U.S. ranks worst in the world regard to food insecurity.

Earned Income Tax Credit

The United States federal earned income tax credit or earned income credit (EITC or EIC) is a refundable tax credit for low- to moderate-income working individuals and couples, particularly those with children. The amount of EITC benefit depends on a recipient's income and number of children.

Food Insecurity

The limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways.

What was the purpose of the Minnesota Starvation Experiment? Who were the subjects?

The purpose was to get a better understanding of starved people and what/how much they should eat to get healthier. The subjects were volunteers that had a healthy mind and a healthy body. Most of the subjects were people drafted into the war but didn't want to go.

Hunger

The recurrent and involuntary lack of access to food. Food intake has been reduced to an extent that it implies that family members have repeatedly experienced the physical sensation of hunger.

How are food insecurities and hunger measured in the U.S.?

They are measures based on surveys that people take. If they answer yes to more than three questions, then they are food insecure.

List reasons why poverty, hunger, and food insecurity exist in the U.S.

Unemployment, underemployment, high housing and utility cost, medical cost, disability, inequalities in education, poverty, limited access to food, and/or historical legacy of racism/discrimination.