Exam 2 Lifespan Part 1... Physical Development
How do the sensory capacities develop?
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What are some determinants of motor development
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What parts of the brain experience synaptogenesis at different times?
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How does practice or routine experience affect synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning?
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What affect does exploration have on depth perception?
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What was the prevalence of food insecurity in the US in 2020?
10.5 percent or 13.8 million households were food insecure in 2020
How many neurons are we born with?
85 billion neurons
Myelin
A coating of fatty tissues around the axon of the neuron
What is sleep like for newborns as compared to the average 2-year-old?
A newborn typically sleeps approximately 16.5hours per 24-hour period. By the time children turn two, they areaveraging closer to 10 hours per 24 hours.
What is the typical brain size for the newborn and infant?
At birth the brain is about 25 percent its adult weight and by age two it is at 75 percent its adult weight.
Parietal Lobe
Extends from the middle to the back of the skull and is responsible for processing information about touch.
Functions of newborn reflexes
Involuntary movements in response to stimulation. Sucking reflex and rooting reflex. Within the first few months, these disappear but reflexes to important functions will stay such as blinking, sneezing, swallowing, etc.
Which brain hemisphere is dominate in language?
Left hemisphere
How do motor skills typically develop?
Refers to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects. Occurs in an orderly sequence as infants move from reflexive reactions to more advanced actions.
Babinski reflex
Reflex in which a newborn fans out the toes when the foot is stroked from heel to toe
What does persistence or absence of reflex indicate?
Reflexes that persist longer than they should can impede normal development. Some reflexes may be absent at birth due to neurological impairments or preterm infants.
Frontal Lobe
Responsible for thinking, planning, memory, and judgment. Behind the forehead.
When and how is solid food introduced?
Solid foods should not be introduced until the infant is ready. When the infant can sit up, hold their head up without a wobble, etc. Iron-fortified infant cereals mixed with breast milk or formula
sucking reflex
Suck on anything that touches the lips
What is transient exuberance?
Temporary dramatic growth
What are the typical body growth norms for infants and toddlers?
The average newborn in the United States weighs about 7.5 pounds (between 5 and 10 pounds) and is about 20 inches in length. For the first few days of life, infants typically lose about 5 percent of their body weight. By age 2, the weight has quadrupled, so we can expect that a 2 year-old should weigh between 20 and 40 pounds.
Lateralization
The process in which different functions become localized on one side of the brain.
What factors may influence breast-feeding?
Very rich in nutrients and antibodies. The USDHHS recommends it. Considered the ideal diet for newborns. Described as liquid gold.
tonic neck reflex
When lying on the back with the head to one side infants will extend the arm and leg on the side while flexing the limbs on the opposite side. Looks like a fencer pose.
What is the function of myelination?
a coating of fatty tissues around the axon of the neuron. Helps insulate the nerve cell and speed the rate of transmission of impulses from one cell to another.
What is an example of intermodal perception?
being able to see, taste, smell, feel, and hear yourself taking a big bite out of an apple.
grasp reflex
fingers automatically grip anything that touches the palm of the hand
What is synaptogenesis?
formation of connections between neurons
stepping reflex
legs move in stepping like motion when feet touch a smooth surface
Occipital Lobe
processes visual information. Located at the very back of the skull.
Temporal Lobe
responsible for hearing and language. Located between the ears.
Moro reflex
startle
Neuroplasticity
the brains ability to change, both physically and chemically, to enhance it adaptability to environmental change and compensate for injury.
Cortex
the thin outer covering of the brain involved in voluntary activity and thinking
rooting reflex
turning the head when the cheek is touched