Exam 2
Glycopyrroate has a slower onset than Atropine. T/F
True
Opioids can cause diarrhea, vomiting, GI stimulation and GI stasis. T/F
True
Opioids do produce some sedative effects. T/F
True
Yohimbine reverses the cariovascular and sedative side effects of Xylazine. T/F
True
A lower dose of opioids is recommended in the following species to avoid bizarre excitable changes in behavior: (Circle all that Apply)
Goats, Cats, Horses
Tranquilization is a deeper state than sedation. T/F
False
True analgesics provide general anesthesia. T/F
False
Choose the normal saline (NS) solution:
0.9%
Which concentration of Xylazine is used for large animals?
10%
Tramadol is...
1/10 as strong as Morphine
IM administration of a pre-anesthetic takes _____ until onset.
15 - 20 minutes
This drug should be avoided in patients with a history of seizures.
Acepromazine
The drugs in this class can be absorbed through cuts and mucous membranes in humans. they can cause hypotension and sedation.
Alpha 2 Agonists
This class of drugs is often avoided in geriatric patients, pediatric patients, pregnant patients, and diabetic patients.
Alpha 2 Agonists
This drug class eliminates the "Fight or Flight" response:
Alpha 2 Agonists
Transient hyperglycemia can be associated with the use of this class of drugs:
Alpha 2 Agonists
Romfidine
Alpha 2 Andrenoceptor Agonists
Atipamezole
Alpha 2 Antagonist
All of the following are true statements regarding transdermal use of fentanyl EXCEPT:
Analgesic effects can be felt within minutes of placement of the patch
Glycopyrrolate
Anticholinergic
Severe bradycardia caused by Dexmedetomidine is best treated with what drug?
Atipamazole
This drug is the emergency drug that is used to treat bradycaria:
Atropine
This class of tranquilizers causes muscle fasciculation in horses and dysphoria in cats.
Benzodiazepines
Methadone causes more sedation but less vomiting than Morphine. T/F
False
Midazolam
Benzodiazepine
Following a routine surgical procedure, this opioid is commonly orally administered for at home pain control in cats.
Buprenorphine
Morphine is stronger than fentanyl. T/F
False
Buprenex is what schedule?
CIII
Valium is what schedule of controlled substance?
CIV
Lactated Ringers and Plasmalyte R contain what cation that can cause transfused blood to clot?
Calcium
List 4 benefits of using pre-anesthetic drugs prior to induction.
Calm/Sedate enhancing patient comfort and reducing anxiety Minimize adverse reactions of concurrently administered drugs Reduce the dose of concurrently administered agents Produce smoother anesthetic inductions Decrease pain before, during and after Produce muscle relaxation Pre-anethestics are not the same as induction
Pharmacodynamics involve the effect the body has on a drug. T/F
False
Reversal Drugs generally have a narrow margin of safety. T/F
False
Choose all of the benefits of balanced anesthesia.
Decreases the side effects seen with single-anesthetic protocols, Maximizes drug benefits, Anesthetist has greater control, Use less of each drug with combination
Which of the following drugs will precipitate out when mixed with other drugs or solutions?
Diazepam
Many anesthetics cause only 1 effect on a patient. T/F
False, Anesthetics cause numerous effects.
Acepromazine injected into a vein can cause CNS excitement and death. T/F
False, Into an artery.
Diazepam is a convulsant. T/F
False, It is an anticonvulsant
Naloxone should be used after most surgeries to reverse the effects of opioids. T/F
False, Naloxone should only be used if a patient is having ADVERSE effects to opioids. Otherwise, you wouldn't reverse it because you want your patient to have pain control.
A benefit of Valium over the other "minor tranquilizer" is that it can be administered SC or IM. T/F
False, This is a benefit of Midazolam over Valium.
This opioid can be used as a transdermal patch.
Fentanyl
Which is the strongest opioid listed below?
Hydromorphone
Opioids cause all of the following EXCEPT:
Increased urine production with urine retention
Explain how opioids effect the GI tract.
Initially they stimulate the GI tract - vomiting, diarrhea, nausea. With prolonged use they slow down the GI tract - bloat, gastric stasis. colic
Identify the drugs that are schedule II controlled substances. Multiple answers may be correct!
Morphine, Fentanyl
Adjuncts are used during anesthesia to produce what effects? (Hint: There are 6).
Muscle Relaxation, Analgesia, Reversal, Neuromuscular Blockade, Parasympathetic Blockade
________________: A sleep-like state induced by a high dose of opioids.
Narcosis
Buprenorphine
Opioid
Acepromazine
Phenothiazine
Australian Shepherds are sensitive to the drug acepromazine. What does acepromazine cause in this breed and what can be done to prevent it?
Prolonged Sedation Decrease the dose by 25%
Choose the correct statement.
Simbadol is a 24 hour SC Buprenorphine injection used only for cats.
What is the main effect of benzodiazepines (why are they utilized)?
Skeletal Muscle Relaxation
The most common target for an anesthetic is:
The Central Nervous System
The amount of air in a normal breath is properly termed:
Tidal Volume
This drug is an oral opioid-like pill that can be administered at home for analgesia.
Tramadol
A neuroleptanalgesic is a combination of:
Tranquilizer + Opioid
Buprenorphine SR will provide 72 hours of pain relief when injected SC in a variety of species. T/F
True
Acepromazine is metabolized by the liver and can be used as an antiemetic. T/F
True
Yohimbine can be used on neonates to reverse the effects of opioids. T/F
False
Acepromazine will cross the placenta. T/F
True
An adjunct is not a true anesthetic. T/F
True
An adverse effect of anticholinergics is that they can cause thickened respiratory and salivary secretions. T/F
True
Antagonists bind to target tissue, but do not stimulate it. T/F
True
Atropine at normal doses will prevent bradycardia. T/F
True
Atropine has a shorter duration that Glycopyrroate. T/F
True