Exam 2 Mastering Biology
How many different amino acids are present in the human body to produce the infinite variety of enzymes and other necessary proteins?
20
What happens first after chlorophyll absorbs light energy?
Electrons are released and move to a higher energy level.
What term describes a harmless, noncancerous or precancerous tumor?
benign
Which term describes a cancerous tumor?
malignant
What process occurs when cancer cells detach from tumors and spread to other parts of the body?
metastasis
Which type of cell division produces daughter cells that are identical to the original cell?
mitosis in animals
What type of normal human cell contains 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome?
sperm cell
Which condition is associated with obesity?
type 2 diabetes
Which molecules are required by the body but do not produce ATP?
vitamins
When can photorespiration occur in plants?
when the stomata are closed
Why do chromosomes resemble the letter X when viewed during metaphase?
Because there are two sister chromatids joined at a point in the middle (the centromere).
In cellular respiration, which molecule is released after the citric acid cycle?
CO2
Consider a strand of DNA with the sequence GAATTCGGCA. What is the sequence of the complementary strand?
CTTAAGCCGT
How can deforestation increase global warming?
It can decrease the total amount of photosynthesis as C3 plants are harvested.
Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. What makes some people "lactose intolerant" as adults?
Lactose-intolerant people don't produce adequate amounts of lactase.
Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is true?
Most life on Earth relies upon the hospitable temperatures resulting from the greenhouse effect
Which molecules are made during glycolysis?
NADH and ATP
anaerobic
Organisms that do not need oxygen to survive are said to be
Which feature is found in DNA?
The backbone of each strand is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.
gylcoloisis
The cleaving of a six-carbon sugar into two three-carbon sugars is called
an-
absence of
-ase
all enzymes have this root
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell?
anaphase
What type of eating disorder involves consuming large amounts of food, followed by self-induced vomiting?
bulimia
Which of these human activities has directly contributed to global warming?
burning of coal
What are the proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body?
enzymes
What process will follow glycolysis, if oxygen is not available?
fermentation
What does temperature measure?
how fast the molecules in a substance are moving
During the metaphase checkpoint, what information is being checked by the cell?
if its chromosomes are properly attached to microtubules
What process converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen?
photosynthesis
Which person could exert the most influence to speed the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions?
policymaker
synthase
produces ATP from ADP and phosphate.
During which meiotic phase does crossing over occur?
prophase 1 of meiosis 1
What is the correct order of events in mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
glyco-
sugar
Which definition describes "heat"?
the total amount of energy associated with the movement of molecules in a substance
Which chloroplast structure increases the amount of surface area that is available for photosynthesis?
thylakoid
During which process does water vapor move out of plant stomata?
transpiration