Exam 2 Modules
A client at the public health clinic reports performing self-breast examinations monthly. Which protective health factor does this represent? a. Valuing health b. Educational c. Role model d. Practical
a
A client seen at the health department has been diagnosed with a communicable sexually transmitted disease. The nurse realizes the client will need immediate education. What is the best rationale for the needed education? a. Communicable diseases are contagious and easily spread from one person to another b. Communicable diseases are infections that are easily treated with common antibiotics c. Communicable diseases cause death in those they infect and must be treated early d. Communicable diseases are infectious agents that spread through direct contact with others
a
A nurse working in the immunization clinic is performing research to determine if there has been a decrease in the incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) since the initiation of the HPV vaccine. In which step of the epidemiological process is the nurse involved? a. Planning, implementing, and evaluating b. Activities and approaches to resolution c. Identifying health problems and needs d. Data collection and analysis
a
After reading a research article about fall risk, the nurse would expect to see what finding in those who have developed a fear of falling a. Reduced attendance at church b. A lower fall risk score c. Excessive health care visits d. Increased use of fall prevention strategies
a
The following government websites are devoted to community and health: Center for Disease Control, The World Health Organization, and Healthy People 2020. a. True b. False
a
The nurse is using PICO to develop a good clinical question. Which parts of PICO are paired correctly? a. I - Intervention b. O - Option c. C - Community d. P - Participant
a
What supports the nurse's plan to provide SAMHAS-recommended interventions for a client struggling with alcoholism? a. Governmental sponsorship ensures the site is reliable, accurate, and up to date b. The site is easy to navigate and provides multiple handouts c. SAMHSA is the first site that is listed on a search for interventions d. The provider recommended the website
a
When appraising the quality of evidence, it is important for the nurse to know if the results of a study are externally valid. a. True b. False
a
Which term is used to identify an epidemiologic model that emphasizes the concept of multiple causation? a. Web of causation b. Epidemiologic triad c. Natural history of disease d. Community assessment
a
What issues are addressed in the study of epidemiology? (select all that apply) a. Research regarding states of illness b. Factors that determine what health in humans c. Methods of sharing illness among humans d. A body of knowledge concerning specific states of health e. Cost of illness versus the benefits of health
abcd
When searching government websites for information needed for client care, list the steps the nurse should take to find information quickly, in the order they should be performed a. Identify the main focus b. Identify the intended audience using the "about us" link c. Locate the search box d. Electronically bookmark the page
abcd
Which of the following are ways nurses can use government websites to provide care for their communities? (select all that apply) a. Find interventions for individual patients and communities b. Locate services, such as housing, supportive care, and support groups c. Access screening tools to help identify at-risk patients d. Research current best practice evidence
abcd
A community nurse is planning fall prevention education in a Hispanic community. The nurse would present the educational plan in what order? a. Formulate a bilingual questionnaire b. Take blood pressure and give participants the fall efficacy scale c. Teach about drug side effects, proper nutrition, and health resource information d. Provide demonstrate of tai chi, yoga, and swimming e. Conduct evaluation and gather suggestions for follow-up
abcde
Which factor affects the way a family identifies its health risks? (select all that apply) a. Ability to pay for health care b. Methods used to cope with stress c. Cognitive skills d. Past experiences with illness e. Cultural view of wellness
abde
What situation is true concerning a patient diagnosed with latent tuberculosis (TB)? (select all that apply) a. Usually has a positive skin test b. Has a normal sputum test c. Has a cough that has lasted at least 3 weeks d. Can spread the disease to others e. Has a normal chest x-ray
abe
What categories are considered when determining a nation's health indicators? (select all that apply) a. Health service coverage b. Cost of health system resources c. Mortality d. Morbidity e. Risk factors
acde
Which disease is vaccine-preventable? (select all that apply) a. Varicella b. West nile c. Measles d. Influenza e. Smallpox
acde
The nurse understands that the Rapid Clinical Appraisal Process involves which steps? (select all that apply). a. Determining applicability of the study to the clinical questions b. Searching for the most relevant best evidence c. Deciding which studies are "keepers" d. Integrating best evidence with clinical expertise e. Asking the research question in PICOT format f. Creating an evaluation table
acf
A disease outbreak has been noted in one neighborhood. The community nurse understands a number of actions may be taken by the government to contain the outbreak. What actions could be included in the containment? a. Closing schools and churches until the outbreak is over b. Setting up decontamination shelters in the community boundaries for non-sick members c. Moving nursing home residents in the infected area to the local hospitals d. Providing information about signs and symptoms of the illness to health care providers e. Setting up clinics for administration of passive immunity measures
ade
Healthy People 2020 directs the community health nurse to perform which action when dealing with the challenge of alcohol abuse? (select all that apply) a. Utilize data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) b. Avoid direct questioning of clients about drug and alcohol use c. Acknowledge that communities are prepared to heal with the issue d. Use reliable and valid tools to screen for addictions and abuse e. Identify at-risk clients
ade
The nurse deciding on a career in community health knows what is true of community-based nursing? (select all that apply) a. The focus is on prevention b. It is defined more by practice setting than by philosophy c. Intensive care is provided that addresses critical problem d. It provides early identification and treatment e. Care is provided within the context of the client's culture, family, and community
ade
The community health nurse is using epidemiological methods to conduct an investigation of a recent E. coli related sickness causing diarrhea in infants that were fed baby formula. Who investigated the relationship b/w sanitation and disease? (select all that apply) a. Florence Nightingale b. Jakob Henle c. William Far d. Louis Pasteur e. John Snow
ae
A community health nurse wishes to understand more on the transgender community so she can educate herself on this community. The nurse would enter which website below? a. www.cdc.gov b. www.tgtrain.org c. www.census.gov d. www.who.int
b
A hospital is exploring the option of offering healing touch to clients. What is the best site for the nurse to use to evaluate the usefulness and safety of complementary medicine? a. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) b. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) c. National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) d. US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
b
A public health nurse has been assigned the task of finding the cause of a recent salmonella outbreak in the area. The nurse will use an epidemiological method to complete this task. What is the nurse's best rational for utilizing this method? a. Epidemiology provides a framework for determining approaches to outbreaks b. Epidemiology is used to identify patterns and trends in disease occurrence c. Epidemiology provides a way to identify disease effects on a population d. Epidemiology is used to identify the virulence of disease in a population
b
A school nurse has determined there may be an outbreak of salmonella within the school and possibly the community. Who would the school nurse contact to report the possible outbreak? a. The local emergency room b. The local health department c. The school nurse supervisor d. The state public health nurse
b
How does an epidemiologist use biostatics? (Please Check the Best Answer) a. Determines how many hip replacement occur during a year's time b. Determines whether there are cancer-clusters in a chosen community c. Advocates for animal studies to help communities overcome illnesses d. Lobbies for education programs to teach communities about disasters and terrorism
b
Identify one of the six challenges faced in the studying of epidemiology from the choices below a. There are not enough volunteers in order to conduct the necessary research b. Limited availability of data on many contaminants and their effect on health c. Epidemiology studies are too complicated to conduct d. Too many subjects could be harmed in the epidemiology studies
b
Identify the four parts of the PICO question in an evidence-based practice study: a. Purpose, intervention, comparison, outcome b. Population, intervention, control, outcome c. Population, intervention, comparison, outcome d. Population, integration, cause, outcome
b
If a nurse is looking online for reliable information on HIV and AIDS, he should go to https://www.aids.gov a. False b. True
b
Module 3.04: Protective and Predictive Health Factors Which tool is most useful to the community health nurse planning health promotion activities for both the environmental and community level systems? a. Community assessment b. Health impact pyramid c. Social ecologic model d. Systems theory
b
Research evidence should be integrated with the nurse's clinical expertise and patient preferences before a decision is made to implement the evidence into practice a. False b. True
b
The community nurse is providing education to a group of older teens at the local recreation center on how using chewing tobacco increases the risk of oral, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer. The nurse is utilizing what element of causation of noninfectious disease? a. Strength of association b. Biological gradient c. Plausibility d. Specificity
b
The epidemiologic model, web of causation, was developed as a result of what health-related need? a. Understanding of the role of the host in infectious disease b. Identification of the multiple factors causing chronic illnesses c. Identification of risk factors associated with acute illness d. Mapping of the course of a disease
b
The immunization clinic nurse is assessing the Mantoux tuberculin skin test a client received two days ago. The result is positive. The client does not have signs or symptoms of active TB. The client is upset regarding the positive result and asks when to start the tuberculosis medication regimen. What is the nurse's best response to this question? a. "Usually treatment begins immediately with a positive test result for tuberculosis" b. "Not all people who are infected with tuberculosis have active tuberculosis; you will need further testing" c. "The tuberculosis medication regimen is started eight to ten weeks after exposure" d. "False results happen at times; we will send you to the hospital from a blood test and other diagnostic tests next time"
b
The nurse involved in collecting the number of new Zika virus cases and analyzing where they have occurred is participating in: a. Epidemiology b. Biostatistics c. Rapid clinical appraisal d. Evidence-based practice
b
The nurse is ready to holistically evaluate the evidence for a community health project on diabetes prevention . Which would best guide the creation of an evaluation table? a. Including all information available in the evaluation table b. Using nursing judgement to determine what articles to include c. Reading all the articles until an impression forms d. Including only articles that have a clearly stated hypothesis
b
The nurse understands that the rapid clinical appraisal (RCA) process involves which steps? a. Searching for the most relevant best evidence b. Deciding which studies are "keepers" c. Integrating best evidence with clinical expertise d. Asking the research question in PICOT format
b
The nurse wants to use an experimental study to determine the effects of exposure to a chemical that is a suspected carcinogen. Which is true of experimental studies in epidemiology? a. They are the most widely used type of study b. It is unethical to expose a person to an environmental risk c. They are acceptable if the exposed group gets health benefits d. They are relatively easy to set up due to access to participants
b
The pediatric nurse is aware of increasing obesity rates and wonders if educational interventions might make a difference during well-child visits. What should the nurse do first? a. Choose an educational intervention b. Define the client population c. Use Google to search the internet d. Measure pediatric client weights
b
The public health nurse found a total of 64 deaths from breast cancer for the year 2015 from a population of 34,000. The nurse determined the rate for the population was 188 deaths per 100,000 people. What does this measure represent? a. Count b. Morbidity c. Attack d. Mortality
b
The public health nurse knows to perform which shortcut when searching for best practice evidence on the CDC website? a. In the search field, type a search word and select the clock symbol b. Electronically bookmark the page to make it easier to find c. Locate the search field on the lower left side of the homepage d. Scan all the menu tabs on the site's home page
b
The state public health nurse would like to gather information on general predictive risk factors related to stroke. The nurse has identified the US Adults: National Health Interview Survey sponsored by the CDC as a good place to begin the search. Why would the nurse choose this type of assessment tool? a. This assessment identifies problems specific to a subset of individuals b. In this survey, data are analyzed to identify mortality risks for a population c. Data are analyzed to identify risk to select populations and groups d. These surveys are completed every 2 to 3 years, so information is current
b
When considering health behaviors, the term mainstream is used when discussing interventions directed toward which system level? a. Environmental b. Community c. Individual d. Policy
b
When developing an intervention plan, it is important to consider the following resources: people, money, facilities, and time. a. False b. True
b
When using a website as a source for best practice evidence, it is helpful to search using keywords. a. False b. True
b
Which epidemiological causal attribution model was too linear in scope to adequately analyze patterns in disease and wellness? a. Multiple causation b. Chain of causation c. Causation for noninfectious disease d. Triad
b
Which is true of epidemiological studies? a. Epidemiological studies are known for providing a complete picture of how multiple contaminants may sicken people b. Epidemiological studies are often impeded by the limited availability of data c. Epidemiological studies are a guaranteed way to obtain conclusive results d. Epidemiological studies are reliably time efficient to conduct
b
Which question helps the nurse determine if a study is applicable? (select all that apply) a. Why was the study done? b. What is the demographic makeup of the control group c. Will the results help clinicians care for clients? d. Does the treatment conform to client preferences? e. How was the data analyzed?
bcd
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services maintains supervision over data collection associated with which vital statistics? (select all that apply) a. Asthma b. Immunizations c. Cardiovascular d. Infant mortality e. Diabetes
bcde
The nurse is conducting an assessment of fall risk in a community. What information would be included in falls efficacy scale? (select all that apply) a. Walking the dog b. Going down stairs c. Going to church d. Shopping e. Toileting f. Getting dressed
bcdf
A public health nurse is assigned a new area. In order to become more familiar with the area, the nurse will collect data regarding the health of the community. What sources of existing data will the nurse use to gather initial health-related data about the community? (select all that apply) a. Hospital records b. Vital statistics c. Disease registries d. Census data e. Reportable disease
bce
A child has been diagnosed with measles and excluded from school until no longer contagious. A teacher asks the school nurse why the child was infected since the child had received the required immunization. The nurse's best response is based on what fact about immunization? a. Each person is unique, and occasionally a person who receives a vaccine will not respond and will get the disease b. Each vaccine can potentially infect the person who receives it, even if the vaccine is made from non-live organisms c. Vaccines are produced according to the most common strain of organism, so there will be some people who acquire the disease. d. Vaccines are produced from the live organism, so there is a small chance it will infect a non-infected person with the disease
c
A community health nurse in Miami has the following clinical question: Will non-english-speaking pregnant women who receive Spanish language brochures as compared to receiving English language brochures be more likely to have their children immunized? Which are paired correctly? a. Intervention - receiving English language brochures b. Outcome - come to the immunization clinic c. Client - non-english-speaking, pregnant women d. Comparison - receiving Spanish language brochures
c
A community health nurse wishes to understand more on the Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration's definition of addicted people and their unique needs. Which website would the nurse go to? a. www.irs.gov b. www.goodwill.org c. www.samhsa.gov d. www.cdc.gov
c
In checking the absentee rooster for the day, a school health nurse has found 26 confirmed cases of viral gastroenteritis in a school population of 326, or approximately 8%. What type of rate does this measurement represent? a. Morbidity b. Incidence c. Prevalence d. Count
c
In providing education to a client at the health department regarding the risk for heart disease, the nurse identifies several protective factors in the client's chart. Which of these items found in the client's chart indicates a protective factor? a. Sleeping 5 to 6 hours per night b. Working third shift at the supermarket c. Drinking a liquid dietary supplement daily d. Being active in the local church ministries
d
The nurse educator at a community clinic used rapid critical appraisal (RCA) for a project on obesity prevention. Which step for RCA did the nurse find most informative for seeing the larger perspective at a glance? a. Refining the collection of articles by applicability to obesity prevention b. Removing studies without a conceptual framework c. Creating an evaluation table of obesity prevention studies d. Determining the implications of the research for obesity education
c
The nurse is preparing information on Alzheimer's disease for a community health fair. Which website would the nurse use to elevate the reliability and efficacy of a screening tool for Alzheimer's disease? a. National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGL) b. Healthy People 2020 c. US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) d. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
c
What term is used to identify the probability of death? a. Prevalence b. Incidence c. Mortality d. Morbidity
c
What would the nurse do first when participating in the evaluation of best practice evidence? a. Recruit a group of participants b. Ensure the outcome is measurable c. Develop a clinical question d. Design an intervention
c
When searching the internet for information about important public health issues, the nurse understands what is true of governmental websites? a. It is easy to quickly access information for clients "on the spot" b. They are often disorganized c. They can contain accurate and up-to-date information d. It doesn't take much experience to navigate them
c
Which illness state is considered communicable? a. Neurofibromatosis b. Obesity c. Malaria d. Glaucoma
c
Which step in the rapid critical appraisal process involves determining if the research you have found is reliable and valid? a. Step 2: applicability b. Step 3: evaluation c. Step 1: keepers
c
What are examples of predictive health factors at the family, community, and/or society level? (select all the apply) a. Wearing a bike helmet b. Participating in daily exercise c. Smoking cigarettes d. A good relationship with parents e. Chronic stress and anxiety
ce
A community epidemiologist researcher wishes to conduct a study using the homeless community they specialize in. Which of the following research studies would be appropriate for this researcher to conduct? a. A mixed-methods approach to determining pain levels in premature newborns b. A quantitative study on the numbers of homeless using the emergency rooms for their health care by season c. A qualitative study of the number of bees that have died within the last 5 years d. A quantitative study comparing diabetes exacerbations with soup kitchen meals
d
A nurse is participating in a home health agency falls prevention task force. What website should the nurse to go to for tips on preventing falls in the home and promoting client safety? a. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) b. National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) c. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) d. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
d
A public health nurse is developing an educational program on the Zika virus for a community based on the information found on the county health website and comparing the number of persons (1,237) in the community. The nurse found there were six new cases in the past month in the county. The rate was computed as 0.005%. What type of rate does this measurement represent? a. Prevalence b. Count c. Mortality d. Incidence
d
Identify the correct answer showing the difference between individual nursing care process and the corresponding community assessment from the list below: a. Evaluation - control and prevention of the condition or event b. Diagnosis - gathered from reliable source c. Planning - Tentative hypothesis is formulated d. Evaluation - actions are evaluated and report prepared
d
In the module, Sylvia conducts a literature search to find out how to address the fear of falling in the clients at the assisted living facility where she works. Based on the evidence she finds, Sylvia notes that clients who reported a fear of falling experienced a significant decrease in: a. Overall quality of life b. Mobility and incontinence c. Falls and injuries d. Discomfort and symptoms
d
The nurse is developing a program focused on obesity prevention in a rural community that has recently experienced an influx of refugee families. Which website encourages collaboration across communities and sectors? a. US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) b. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) c. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) d. Healthy People 2020
d
The nurse is reviewing a study using the Rapid Clinical Appraisal Process. Which statement would cause the nurse to question the validity of the study? a. The sample size is small b. Unusual events occurred during the study c. Variables were consistently applied d. The results contradict previous research
d
The nurse planning a breast cancer intervention aimed at reducing mortality for African American women should first: a. Reassure clients that they have a better prognosis than white women b. Collect data on when and how clients are screened c. Let clients know that no matter the stage,diagnosis is what is most important d. Teach clients to understand the TNM classification system
d
The nurse studying epidemiology understands that which nurse was the first to use biostatistics to identify patterns of disease, injury, and death for preventative health purposes? a. Lillian Wald b. Mary Breckinridge c. Clara Barton d. Florence Nightingale
d
The parent of a pediatric client is asking for more information about vaccinations. Which action should the nurse perform first to provide reliable and accurate information? a. Call the provider b. Ask the charge nurse c. Record the question in the client chart for the provider to review d. Access the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) using the Internet
d
The school nurse is preparing to address the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) at the school to provide education on the importance of obtaining vaccination. Who is affected by this type of public health outreach? a. Community b. Family c. Individual d. Society
d
The three parts of evidence-based nursing are: a. Evidence of the individual, values of the client, social research b. Community planning, assessment, evaluation of interventions c. Assessment of community, clinical expertise, science d. Available evidence, clinical expertise, values of the client
d
While working in the sexually transmitted infections clinic, the clinic nurse notices a significant increase in chlamydia infections in the teen Hmong population. The nurse began to make some initial inquiries of the Hmong community members about sexual health practices. What type of study is the nurse engaging in? a. Indirect statistical b. Direct participation c. Scientific inquiry d. Informal Observational
d
Why is a rapid critical appraisal performed? a. Highlights gaps that exist between research and clinical practice b. It is important to keep records of clinical questions and search results c. Focuses on effectiveness and cost of the study d. It allows clinicians to find and use research evidence reliably
d