Exam 2 patho practice

The client's blood pressure is being taken at a screening clinic. Which client statement to the nurse demonstrates awareness of having a risk factor for hypertension?

"I plan to get my blood pressure checked more often, as I am African American."

A client is experiencing low preload due to loss of blood volume. Optimal preload is dependent on what factor?

Venous return to the heart

Which measure of ventilation is the maximal amount of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs with forced inhalation and exhalation?

Vital capacity

The nurse is caring for a client with bacterial pneumonia. The effectiveness of the client's oxygen therapy can be best determined by which indicator of oxygenation?

arterial blood gas (ABG) values

The nurse is assessing a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which finding requires immediate intervention?

inability to speak

A client with Hodgkin disease develops B symptoms. Which symptom is a manifestation of B symptoms?

low-grade fever (temperature lower than 100°F [37.8°C])

A client who experiences angina has been told to follow a low-cholesterol diet. Which meal would be best?

spaghetti with tomato sauce, salad, and coffee

When assessing a client for early septic shock, the nurse should assess the client for which finding?

warm, flushed skin

The new nurse requested information about chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Which statement should the experienced nurse include?

CLL is a malignancy of activated B lymphocytes CLL is the most common malignancy of older adults

Which of the following is defined as an irreversible enlargement of the air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles, most notably in the alveoli, resulting in destruction of the alveolar walls and obstruction of airflow?

Emphysema

Which cause accounts for 50% of all cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Genetic predisposition

When baroreceptors detect decreased blood pressure in the carotid arteries due to a client's extensive blood loss, what action is initiated by the baroreceptors?

Increase sympathetic stimulation of the heart and blood vessels

The nurse has completed an assessment of a client with a decreased cardiac output. Which findings should receive the highest priority?

confusion, urine output of 15 mL over the last 2 hours, and orthopnea

The nurse is assessing a client with a known history of chronic heart failure. Which finding indicates poor perfusion to the tissues?

cool, pale extremities

The nurse is assessing a client with asthma. Which finding would most likely indicate the presence of a respiratory infection?

cough productive of yellow sputum

The client hospitalized with sever pneumonia ask the nurse, "Why do I need to spit in this sputum specimen container?" Which response is the most appropriate?

"It helps select the most appropriate antibiotic for treatment."

The client with chronic heart failure tells the nurse, "I get so scared at night; I wake up and feel like I can hardly breathe." Which is the nurse's best response?

"Tell me more about how often this is occurring and how you deal with it."

The nurse is assessing the client with chronic bronchitis. Which finding should the nurse expect?

Barrel chest appearance

The nurse is assessing a client at risk for acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which finding indicates the client is showing and early sign of DIC?

Bleeding without history or cause

Which factor does not affect cardiac performance?

Blood pressure

A client with thrombocytopenia has a severe headache. The nurse should interpret this finding as resulting from which underlying cause?

Cerebral bleeding

The nurse is assessing a client with an anterior-lateral MI. The nurse should add decreased cardiac output to the client's plan of care when which finding is noted?

Crackles auscultated in both lung bases.

Which factor is a major modifiable risk factor for CAD?

High cholesterol

Laboratory tests are prescribed for the client who has a smooth and reddened tongue and ulcers at the corners of the mouth. Which result would the nurse find if the client had iron-deficiency anemia?

Low hemoglobin and hematocrit

The nurse is assessing a client whose blood pressure is dropping and heart rate and respiratory rate are increasing. Which finding indicates the client is at risk for hypovolemic shock?

severe hemorrhage