Exam #2 Psychology

________ encoding is the encoding of sounds.

acoustic

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Long-term memory has two parts: semantic memory and episodic memory.

change the word "long-term" to the word "declarative"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? There are three types of encoding: semantic, visual, and sensory.

change the word "sensory" to the word "acoustic"

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

cognition

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

confirmation

________intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.

creative

________ and ________ are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors.

emotion; memory

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.

interpersonal; intrapersonal

Which term describes a communication system that uses systematic rules to organize words to transmit information from one individual to another?

language

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?

lexicon

In order for a memory to go into long-term storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory.

long-term

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a ________ concept.

natural

Engram refers to the ________.

physical trace of memory

A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept.

prototype

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system.

relearning

Ilayda assumes that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with her stereotypes of professors. This exemplifies ________.

representational bias

The word ________ is both a morpheme and a phoneme.

I

Which of the following statements about the amygdala is correct?

The amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory.

The type of thinking that is unique to humans is metacognition. What is metacognition?

Understanding and being aware of our own thought processes.

From ________ months old, children are most capable of using simple sentences such as "I see."

18-24

Walter struggles to write legibly and has a difficult time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have?

Dysgraphia

Which researchers suggested that language determines thought?

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf

Which of the following is an example of retrograde amnesia?

Jane Doe emerges from a coma with no idea who she is, and she is unable to provide any details about herself, where she came from, or what happened to her.

Which of the following is a good example of anterograde amnesia?

John Doe is in a car accident. Every day he wakes up with no memory of what he did the day before, feeling as though no time has passed because he is unable to form new memories.

Quincy is struck on the back of the head and finds, while she can remember her life up to the time she was struck on the head, she can no longer make new memories. Quincy has ________ amnesia.

anterograde

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.

artificial

Encoding information occurs through ________.

automatic processing and effortful processing

I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________.

explicit memory

For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

flashbulb memory

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.

implicit

What is episodic memory?

information about events we have personally experienced

Which of the following is key to generating a bell curve?

sample size

What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance?

self-reference effect

What are the two components of declarative memory?

semantic and episodic

Mikel can look at an engineering plan and quickly build a scale model. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

spatial

Which of the following is a good example of visual encoding?

thinking about a dog you want to adopt and having the image of the dog appear in your mind