EXAM 2
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other laws and regulations spell out the consequences for violation of the rules. What kind of reinforcement procedure is this?
Avoidance
Which of the following programs applies the concepts of reinforcement theory?
Behavior modification
Which of the following perspectives on motivation concerns "what" motivates people rather than "how" they are motivated?
Content
Idalia works as an entry-level consultant at a management consulting firm. Partners in the firm make about 10 times more salary than do entry-level consultants. Which principle of reward systems is her employer violating?
Distribute rewards fairly throughout the organization.
Which of the following motivational theories is based on the idea that employees compare the treatment they receive relative to others' treatment in order to determine if they are being treated fairly?
Equity
Which of the following is a process theory of motivation?
Equity Theory
A manager has been told that she will get a $50,000 bonus if her team meets their quota. She has also been informed that she will be fired if she does not get her team above last year's total. Which motivation theory is her boss most likely using?
Expectancy theory
A manager who provides reinforcement on a periodic basis, regardless of performance, is using a ____ schedule.
Fixed-interval
Once a quarter Helene tells her employees how they are doing. What schedule of reinforcement is she using?
Fixed-interval
Which of the following reinforcement schedules offers a worker the LEAST incentive to do good work?
Fixed-interval
Amelia believes that if she runs longer in practice, she will race faster at meets. Which of the following is true for Amelia?
Her effort-to-performance expectancy is high.
_____ is the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways.
Motivation
Which of the following motivational strategies is used to provide more autonomy and self-direction to workers?
Only empowerment and participation.
Which of the following is a basic characteristic of an effective reward system?
Rewards are distributed fairly, The rewards system is multifaceted, the rewards satisfy employees' basic needs, and the rewards are comparable to those offered in other organizations. (All of these)
Which of the following factors would not be included in Maslow's physiological needs category?
Safety
Alberto complimented Daniel on his weekly project update two weeks in a row. Then he waited a month to compliment him again. What reinforcement schedule is he using?
Variable-interval
A credit-card company computer triggers a fraud detection alert anytime the credit card suddenly makes a sharp increases in online purchases. This is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?
Variable-ratio
If you want to maintain an employee's behavior at a high level with minimum fluctuations in the level of the behavior, which of the following schedules of reinforcement would be most successful?
Variable-ratio
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, when a worker satisfies his or her security needs, what will he or she do next?
Work to satisfy belongingness needs.
Firefighters work 24 hour shifts eight times a month. They have
a compressed work schedule.
Brianna has a goal of living a healthier lifestyle. She improved the foods she eats and is getting more physical activity. She has goal
acceptance.
A construction worker injured on the job is on convalescent time-off for five weeks. She can't wait to get back to work and accomplish something. This is a(n) ____ need.
achievement
Thirty-three miners in Chile were trapped underground for months. Authorities could get food and basic necessities to them and they had a video camera to communicate with people above. NASA advised the authorities to keep them busy with tasks. That was to meet their need for
achievement.
Gary retired. He misses his friends from work. Retirement is not fulfilling which level of need in Maslow's hierarchy?
belongingness
When Madeline lived in Korea she decided to cook enchiladas. The store she used had sold out of sour cream. Madeline substituted onion chip dip. Madeline's motivation to think creatively began with the store's
deficiency.
Princeton Alliance Church has a goal of helping 150 more orphans in Brazil. They need to raise money, build a new facility, hire staff, reach out to children on the street and gain their trust. PAC has goal
difficulty.
Ana is a police detective in a metropolitan police force. She believes that she is just as good a detective as her male counterparts. Because she is female, many of her counterparts assume that she will type up their reports as well as her own. She has been doing this typing for a while and is increasingly feeling under rewarded for her efforts. In terms of ____, she will more than likely decrease her inputs by refusing to do typing for other detectives.
equity theory
Wegmans sends deli employees to France to learn about Cheese. Wegmans is attempting to meet ____ needs.
esteem
Leo showed up late for a meeting. His boss ignored it. She was using
extinction.
A manager who provides reinforcement on the basis of a particular number of behaviors, rather than on the basis of time is using a(n) ___ schedule.
fixed-ratio
A manager who provides reinforcement on the basis of a particular number of behaviors, rather than on the basis of time is using a(n) ____ schedule.
fixed-ratio.
Windmere allows its administrative employees to arrive anytime between 7:00 am and 9:00 am., and leave any time between 4:00 pm and 6:00 pm, as long as they work for eight consecutive hours. This arrangement is known as _____.
flextime
A manager gives her employees a bonus every month in which they exceed their sales quota. This type of incentive pay is known as
gain sharing.
Cheri and Aaron both wanted to work part-time, and they found a lawyer who was willing to split one full-time paralegal job between the two of them so that Cheri works mornings and Aaron works afternoons. This arrangement is known as
job sharing.
To stay current in their profession, accountants have to take a minimum number of continuing education courses annually. Accountants in the firm of Dunkirk and Wood who take additional classes are rewarded through a ____ plan.
merit pay
In expectancy theory, raises, promotions, stress and resentment are all ____.
outcomes
Al just graduated from college with a 3.86 GPA in finance. Last summer he had an internship at a federal reserve bank and received glowing performance reports. He has just gone to work for a Wall Street investment banking firm noted for providing its people with all the tools they need to succeed and then letting them sink or swim. Moore is determined to rise rapidly in the organization. From this information, Al's ____ should be high.
performance
One step in behavior modification is to determine what rewards subordinates desire most and to tie those desired rewards to desired performance. If supervisors simultaneously ignore the unwanted behavior, then the behavior modification is centered around
positive reinforcement and extinction
Many schools think that selecting a student for the gifted and talented program is
positive reinforcement.
When a subordinate has outstanding performance and his or her supervisor publicly praises it, the supervisor is using
positive reinforcement.
According to the motivation framework presented in your text, after a worker notices an unfulfilled need, the next step is
searching for ways to satisfy the need.
According to Maslow, the need to have a safe physical and emotional environment is a(n) ____ need.
security
OSHA attempts to ensure worker's ____ needs are met.
security
The most basic method of managing employee motivation is...
the reward system.
