Exam 2 Vocab
cantus firmus
"Fixed melody," usually of very long notes, often based on a fragment of Gregorian chant, that served as the structural basis for a polyphonic composition, particularly in the Renaissance. (page 79)
unison
"Interval" between two notes of the same pitch (for example, two voices on the same E); the simultaneous playing of the same note. (page 66)
Ars nova
"New art," the refined, complex style of polyphony in fourteenth-century France, as exemplified by Guillaume Machaut. (page 70)
Counter-Reformation
A Catholic reform movement, in reaction to the Protestant Reformation, that began with the 1545-1563 Council of Trent. (page 84)
Council of Trent
A council of the Roman Catholic Church that convened in Trent, Italy, from 1545 to 1563 and dealt with Counter-Reformation issues, including the reform of church music. (page 84)
humanism
A new way of thinking in the sixteenth century that focused on human issues and the individual. (page 78)
madrigalism
A striking effect designed to depict the meaning of the text in vocal music; found in many madrigals and other genres of the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries. See also word-painting. (page 74)
tonal
Based on principles of major-minor tonality, as distinct from modal. (page 66)
Mass
Central service of the Roman Catholic Church. (page 82)
The Catholic Church's effort in the early sixteenth century to recapture the loyalty of its followers through a return to true Christian piety is known as the: Select one: a. Reformation. b. Counter-Reformation. c. Magna Carta
Counter-Reformation
The following statements are true about Josquin's motet EXCEPT:
Each voice sings a different text praising the Virgin Mary.
chanson
French monophonic or polyphonic song, especially of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, set to either courtly or popular poetry. (page 70)
ballade
French poetic form and chanson type of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, with a courtly love text; also a Romantic genre, especially a lyric piano piece. (page 71)
verse
In poetry, a group of lines constituting a unit. In liturgical music for the Catholic Church, a phrase from the Scriptures that alternates with the response. (page 66)
Despite being of northern European birth, Josquin spent most of his career in:
Italy
In which language is Josquin's motet text written?
Latin
rondeau
Medieval and Renaissance fixed poetic form and French chanson type with a courtly love text. (page 71)
virelai
Medieval and Renaissance fixed poetic form and French chanson type with a courtly love text. (page 71)
Gregorian chant
Monophonic melody with a freely flowing, unmeasured vocal line; liturgical chant of the Roman Catholic Church. Also plainchant or plainsong. (page 65)
Secular
Non-religious music
motet
Polyphonic sacred or devotional genre of choral music. (page 79)
Reformation
Religious movement of the sixteenth century, led by Martin Luther and John Calvin among others, that resulted in the establishment of Protestant churches. (page 84)
Sacred
Religious music
madrigal
Renaissance secular work originating in Italy for voices, with or without instruments, set to a short, lyric love poem; also popular in England. (page 74)
mode
Scale or sequence of notes used as the basis for a composition; major and minor are modes. (page 66)
Ordinary
Sections of the Roman Catholic Mass that remain the same from day to day throughout the church year, as distinct from the Proper, which changes daily according to the liturgical occasion. (page 82)
Proper
Sections of the Roman Catholic Mass that vary from day to day throughout the church year according to the liturgical occasion, as distinct from the Ordinary, in which they remain the same. (page 83)
congregational singing
Simple worship music, often monophonic, in which the church congregation participates; often associated with Lutheranism and Calvinism. See also chorale. (page 84)
Ars antiqua
The "old art" of twelfth- and thirteenth-century French polyphony, displaced by the Ars nova. (page 70)
Kyrie
The first musical section of the Ordinary of the Mass. Its construction is threefold, involving three repetitions of "Kyrie eleison" (Lord, have mercy), three of "Christe eleison" (Christ, have mercy), and again three of "Kyrie eleison." (page 83)
Sanctus
The fourth musical section of the Ordinary of the Mass. (page 83)
Agnus Dei
The last musical section of the Ordinary of the Mass. (page 83)
Gloria
The second musical section of the Ordinary of the Mass. (page 83)
liturgy
The set order of religious services and the structure of each service, within a particular denomination (e.g., Roman Catholic). (page 65)
Credo
The third musical section of the Ordinary of the Mass. (page 83)
Composers in the Renaissance often used ________ in one voice as a basis for elaborate ornamentation in other voices.
a cantus firmus
Hildegard of Bingen was born into a __________ noble family. a. German b. French c. Italian d. English
a. German
Which of the prayers in the Mass Ordinary is NOT in Latin? Select one: a. Kyrie b. Sanctus c. Agnus Dei
a. Kyrie
When multiple people sing a monophonic chant together, it is called singing in________. Select one: a. unison b. harmony c. dissonance
a. unison
In chant from the Middle Ages, if there are many notes per syllable, the style is called _____. a. melismatic b. syllabic c. neumatic
a.melismatic
What might explain why medieval chants can sound unfamiliar to a modern listener? Select one: a. They are modal. b. They are tonal. c. They are only hummed.
a.they are modal
Which of the following make up the sections of the Mass Ordinary? Select one: a. Kyrie, Gloria, Collect, Epistle, Gradual, Canon b. Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei c. Kyrie, Introit, Gradual, Communion, Ite missa est
b. Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
Which was a recommendation of the Council of Trent regarding music for the church? Select one: a. Use more instruments in the Mass. b. Make the words more intelligible. c. Combine secular elements into the music for the Mass.
b. Make the words more intelligible.
Which was NOT a recommendation of the Council of Trent regarding music for the church? Select one: a. Use fewer or no instruments in the Mass. b. Sing in the vernacular. c. Remove secular elements from the music for the Mass.
b. Sing in the vernacular.
Modal melodies of the early Christian church are similar to melodies and scales from _____. Select one: a. India b. the Middle East c. Myanmar
b. the Middle East
The Protestant movement led by Martin Luther is known as: Select one: a. the Spanish Inquisition. b. the Reformation. c. the Crusades
b. the Reformation.
Hildegard's collection of poetry and visions is called: a.The play of the virtues b.scivias c.the canterbury tales d.the chronicles of bingen
b.scivias
How does Josquin create musical contrast in the final two lines of the text, "O Mater Dei, memento mei"?
by using long notes & by using a homorhythmic texture
What did Luther think should be the basis of Christian worship? Select one: a. complex Latin motets b. medieval chansons c. monophonic congregational singing d. only spoken prayer
c. monophonic congregational singing
How many Gregorian chants survive? a. twelve b. three hundred c. over three thousand d. ninety-nine
c. over three thousand
Music performed with exchanges between a soloist and chorus is called _____. Select one: a. melismatic singing b. a cappella singing c. responsorial singing
c.responsorial singing
What musical aspect is found in Hildegard's praise songs, but is not found in most Gregorian chant? Select one: a. monophonic melodies b. syllabic text setting c. wide leaps
c.wide leaps
Which of the following is NOT true of Gregorian chant (plainchant) melodies? Select one: a. There are over 3,000 in existence. b. The composers of most of them are unknown. c. They are in Latin. d. They are in Hebrew and Syrian.
d. they are in Hebrew and Syrian
Which best describes the relationship between the voices in this excerpt, from Machaut's Ma fin est mon commencement (My end is my beginning)?
each voice sings its own unique part
A cappella style refers to singing with instrumental accompaniment. (T/F)
false
During the Renaissance, the Mass was recited and sung in the vernacular (the language of the people). Select one: True False
false
Gregorian chant features regularly phrased melodic lines supported by instrumental accompaniment. Select one: True False
false
Hildegard's Alleluia, O virgo mediatrix is a Gregorian chant. Select one: True False
false
Humanists were inspired by ancient Egyptian culture. (T/F)
false
In the Middle Ages, it was assumed that women were divinely connected. Select one: True False
false
Members of medieval religious communities only slept, ate, and prayed. Select one: True False
false
Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass is a setting of the Mass Proper. Select one: True False
false
Pope Gregory the Great composed all of the Gregorian chant melodies. Select one: True False
false
The Sanctus is the only mass section sung in Greek. Select one: True False
false
The art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome was of little interest to artists and writers in the Renaissance. (T/F)
false
The chants of the church used only the major and minor scale patterns. Select one: True False
false
The preeminent composers of sacred Renaissance motets were from southern Italy. (T/F)
false
The text setting in Alleluia, O virga mediatrix is mostly syllabic. Select one: True False
false
The two categories of prayer in the Catholic Mass during the Renaissance were the Ordinary and the Extraordinary. Select one: True False
false
what language is being sung here
french
The period in which there was a surge in rational, scientific problem solving in the Renaissance is called:
humanism
The predominant texture in Josquin's motet Ave Maria . . . virgo serena is:
imitative polyphony
Oral traditions
is a form of human communication wherein knowledge, art, ideas and cultural material is received, preserved and transmitted orally from one generation to another.
Written tradition
is a form of human communication wherein knowledge, art, ideas and cultural material is received, preserved and transmitted orally from one generation to another.
What best describes the text setting of this excerpt from the first section of Ma fin est mon commencement (My end is my beginning)?
melismatic
Which of the following is NOT typical of the Renaissance motet?
monophonic texture and sung in the vernacular
What best describes the texture of this excerpt from the first section of Ma fin est mon commencement (My end is my beginning)?
non-imitative polyphony
Josquin's Ave Maria . . . virgo serena incorporates an older Gregorian chant:
only briefly at the beginning
which section of the refrain do you hear in this excerpt
the B section
The text of Josquin's motet Ave Maria . . . virgo serena praises the virtues of:
the Virgin Mary
What best describes Machaut's Ma fin est mon commencement (My end is my beginning)?
three voices singing without instruments
Which of the following statements regarding Machaut's Ma fin est mon commencement is incorrect?
through composed
Cathedral choir schools were training centers for male singers in the Renaissance. (T/F)
true
Hildegard took her vows at age fourteen. Select one: True False
true
Hildegard's chant Alleluia, O virga mediatrix was intended for performance on a feast day of the Virgin Mary. Select one: True False
true
Homorhythm describes a texture in which all of the voices are rhythmically aligned. (T/F)
true
Martin Luther and John Calvin were both Protestant reformers. Select one: True False
true
Palestrina experimented with different textures and "density" of voices in his Gloria from the Pope Marcellus Mass. Select one: True False
true
Palestrina wrote mostly sacred music. Select one: True False
true
Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass was probably intended for a cappella performance. Select one: True False
true
The Pope Marcellus Mass was written for six voice parts. Select one: True False
true
The harmony of Palestrina's Gloria from the Pope Marcellus Mass is best described as full and consonant. Select one: True False
true
The most popular subject of the sacred Renaissance motet was the Virgin Mary. (T/F)
true
The term "liturgy" refers to the set order of church services and the structure of each service. Select one: True False
true
The text of most sacred Renaissance motets was in Latin. (T/F)
true
The text of the Gloria in Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass is easily understood, due largely to its syllabic nature and Palestrina's frequent use of homorhythm. Select one: True False
true
The use of a fixed melody in one voice was a compositional technique found in sacred Renaissance motets. (T/F)
true
Women did not originally sing the highest voice parts in Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass. Select one: True False
true
Monophony
typically sung by a single singer or played by a single instrument player
what is the contour of the melody heard here
wavelike
