exam 2
Has parallel rows of chondrocytes alternating with thick collagen fibers. A) Hyaline cartilage B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Chondrocytes E) Extracellular matrix F) Chondroblasts
B) Fibrocartilage
Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? A) senses changes in the environment B) analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions C) responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction
B) analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions
Schwann cells are functionally like ________. A) ependymal cells B) microglia C) oligodendrocytes D) astrocytes
B) microglia
Neuroglia found in the CNS that change the permeability of capillaries in the brain by binding to and surrounding these blood vessels are called ________. A. Satellite cell B. Astrocytes C. Schwann cells D. Ependymal cells
B. Astrocytes
Where do you find dense irregular connective tissue? MACA A. Tendons B. Dermis of the skin C. Ligaments D. Capsules of organs
B. Dermis of the skin D. Capsules of organs
Epithelial cells contain both blood vessels and nerve fibers. A. True B. False
B. False
Interstitial growth of cartilage refers to mesenchymal cells differentiation into chondroblast and making cartilage. A. True B. False
B. False
Merocrine (Eccrine) glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally until the cell ruptures. A. True B. False
B. False
Neurons can replicate while neuroglial cells can not A. True B. False
B. False
In Intramembranous formation primary center of ossification does not form. A. True B. False
B. False it does form
Osteocytes and osteoblasts are always found in lacunae. A. True B. False
B. False note: blast = on edge cyte = in lacunae
The order of cell cycling is S, G1,G2 , Mitosis A. True B. False
B. False note: g1, s, g2, mitosis
Hyaline and elastic cartilage both have type III collagen fibers A. True B. False
B. False note: type 2
What are the components of extracellular matrix? MACA A. Plasma cells B. Fibers C. Proteoglycans D. Fibroblasts
B. Fibers C. Proteoglycans
IVD disc and contains what type of cartilage? A. Hyaline cartilage B. Fibrocartilage C. Elastic cartilage D. Fibrous cartilage
B. Fibrocartilage note: type 1
Which of the following statements are corrects about calcitonin? MACA A. It is produced by parathyroid gland B. It is produced by thyroid glands C. Stimulates osteoblast D. Stimulates osteoclasts E. It is produced when calcium blood level goes up
B. It is produced by thyroid glands C. Stimulates osteoblast E. It is produced when calcium blood level goes up
Embryonic origin of the lining of kidney tubules? A. Ectoderm B. Mesoderm C. Endoderm D. All of the above
B. Mesoderm
Janice has just had a baby in the middle of winter, and she is extremely anxious that her baby will be cold. Mary's doctor explains to her that her baby has an extra amount of a type of tissue that is designed to keep her baby warm. Which of the following types of tissue was Mary's doctor most likely talking about? MACA A. White adipose tissue B. Multilocular connective tissue C. Unilocular connective tissue D. Brown adipose tissue
B. Multilocular connective tissue D. Brown adipose tissue
Myofiber is made of: MACA A. Muscle fibers B. Myofilaments C. Myofibrils D. Only Actin filaments
B. Myofilaments C. Myofibrils
In Endochondral ossification the farthest zone from primary ossification center is: A. Hypertrophy zone B. Resting zone C. Ossification zone D. Proliferating zone E. Cartilage zone
B. Resting zone
That part of the nervous system that conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system. A. Sympathetic B. Somatic C. Parasympathetic D. Sensory
B. Somatic
Which of the following statements is correct for plasma cells: MACA A. They release histamine B. They are derived from B lymphocytes C. The produce antibodies D. They are made from mesenchymal cells.
B. They are derived from B lymphocytes C. The produce antibodies D. They are made from mesenchymal cells.
In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes? A. They develop into osteocytes. B. They die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity. C. They grow and form the periosteum. D. They group together to form the primary ossification center.
B. They die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity.
General characteristics of epithelium includes? All but one: A. Polarized B. Vascular C. Regeneration D. Covers the surface of the skin E. Making glands
B. Vascular
Non keratinized epithelium is found: A. Dry regions of the body B. Wet regions of the body C. You could find them in both of the above
B. Wet regions of the body
Dense bodies in smooth muscles are similar to: A. Actin filaments B. Z disc c. Caveolae
B. Z disc
Which of the following is most likely to be released when blood calcium levels are elevated? A. Thyroxine B. calcitonin C. parathyroid hormone D. Erythropoietin
B. calcitonin note: when blood goes down = pth
The submandibular gland is a good example of a ________ gland. A. compound tubular B. compound tubuloacinar C. simple branched alveolar D. compound acinar
B. compound tubuloacinar
What is the embryonic origin of nervous tissue? A. mesoderm B. ectoderm
B. ectoderm
Collections of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS is called? A. Nuclei B. ganglia C. Tracts D. fascicle
B. ganglia
Mast cells secret? (MACA) A. collagen B. heparin C. histamine E. antibody
B. heparin C. histamine
Where is fibrocartilage found? MACA A. in rings in the trachea B. in the symphysis pubis C. in the epiglottis D. in the acetabular labrum
B. in the symphysis pubis D. in the acetabular labrum
Which cells do not originate from osteogenic cells? A. osteoblasts B. osteoclasts c. osteocytes D. osteoprogenitor cells
B. osteoclasts note: b= monocytes
Triads are found in: A. cardiac muscle B. skeletal muscle C. smooth muscle D. all the above
B. skeletal muscle
Which of the following tissues is considered a dense regular connective tissue? (MACA) A. perichondrium B. tendon C. Ligament D. Dermis of the skin
B. tendon C. Ligament note: a/d = dense irreg
Oligodendrocytes makes myelin in the ...........Schwann cells makes myelin in........ A.PNS............CNS B.CNS...............PNS
B.CNS...............PNS
Which of the following glial cells makes the blood brain barrier in the spinal cord? A. Schwann cells B. Oligodendrocyte C. Astrocytes D. Satellite cells E. Microglial cells
C. Astrocytes
Where do you find transitional epithelial cells? A. Kidney B. heart C. Bladder D. digestive tract
C. Bladder
What do you find in intercalated disc of cardiac muscle tissue? A. Desmosomes B. Gap junctions C. Both
C. Both
Actin filaments are found in: A. I band B. A band C. Both have actin filaments
C. Both have actin filaments
Which muscle have the least ability to regenerate? A. Smooth muscle B. Skeletal muscle C. Cardiac muscle
C. Cardiac muscle
Which of the following cells are responsible for production of cartilage? A. Osteoblasts B. Mesenchymal cells C. Chondroblasts D. Chondrocytes E. Osteoclasts
C. Chondroblasts D. Chondrocytes
The fiber that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is: A. Reticular fibers B. Muscle C. Collagen D. Elastic
C. Collagen
Which of the following is true about epithelia? A. Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion. B. Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration. C. Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs. D. Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized.
C. Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.
There are three types of cartilage: A. Articular, hyaline, elastic B. Elastic, articular, fibrocartilage C. Fibrocartilage, hyaline, elastic
C. Fibrocartilage, hyaline, elastic
How articulating cartilage is different than other hyaline cartilage? A. It is avascular B. It is derived from embryonic mesenchyme C. It lacks perichondrium
C. It lacks perichondrium
Histamine is released by? A. Kupffer cells B. Microglial cells C. Mast cells D. Monocytes
C. Mast cells note: a/b = macrophage d = eventually macrophage
All adult connective tissues originated with the .............? A. Ground substance B. Mucoid connective tissue C. Mesenchyme D. Brown adipose tissue E. Mucoid Connective tissue
C. Mesenchyme note: e = umbilical cord
Cartilage is? A.Is a Vascularized tissue B. Has nervous innervation C. None of the above is true
C. None of the above is true note: true for bone
What is wrapping around one muscle fascicle is called? A. Epineurium B. Perimysium C. Perineurium D. Endomysium
C. Perineurium
Cartilage producing cells MACA A) Hyaline cartilage B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Chondrocytes E) Extracellular matrix F) Chondroblasts
D) Chondrocytes F) Chondroblasts
A many-layered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ________. A) simple cuboidal B) simple squamous C) transitional D) stratified squamous
D) stratified squamous
Synapse is a point of communication between a neuron and: A. Gland B. Muscle C. Neuron D. All the above
D. All the above
CSF is made by: A. Schwann cells B. Satellite cells C. Oligodendrocytes D. Ependymal cells
D. Ependymal cells
What are the three main components of connective tissue? A. Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers B. Fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts C. Alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells D. Ground substance, fibers, and cells
D. Ground substance, fibers, and cells
Which of the following is not characteristics of Elastic cartilage? A. Does not have blood vessels B. Does not have nerves innervation C. It contains type II collagen fibers D. It does not have perichondrium E. It has elastic fibers
D. It does not have perichondrium
In formation of the bone, mesenchymal cells becomes first: A. Osteocyte B. Osteoblast C. Osteoclast D. Osteoprogenitor cells
D. Osteoprogenitor cells
Which of the following types of collagen fibers is found in Dense Irregular Connective tissue? A. Type II B. Type III C. Type IV D. Type I
D. Type I
Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? A. innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract B. innervation of cardiac muscle C. innervation of glands D. innervation of skeletal muscle
D. innervation of skeletal muscle
Contain elastic fibers and can withstand repeated bending A) Hyaline cartilage B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Chondrocytes E) Extracellular matrix F) Chondroblasts
E) Extracellular matrix
Jelly-like ground substance and fibers found. A) Hyaline cartilage B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Chondrocytes E) Extracellular matrix F) Chondroblasts
E) Extracellular matrix
Which of the following is not true of bone? A. it is covered on its outer surface (except at the articular surfaces) with dense connective tissue B. it always has a solid matrix C. it is derived from mesenchyme D. it is vascular E. No nervous innervation
E. No nervous innervation
Choroid plexus is made of which type of glial cells? A. Oligodendrocytes B. Astrocytes C. Schwann cells D. Microglial cells E. Satellite cells F. None of the above
F. None of the above note: Ependymal cells and blood vessels and makes blood vessels
Pseudounipolar sensory neurons are for: A. Smell B. Taste C. Taste D. Hearing E. Equilibrium F. Touch
F. Touch
Bone is considered connective tissue because it contains: a. All of the above b. Ground substance c. Cells d. Collagen fibers
a. All of the above
Which of the following statements is correct? MACA a. Mammary glands secret by the method of apocrine b. Sweat glands secret by the method of merocrine c. salivary glands are endocrine glands d. Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands
a. Mammary glands secret by the method of apocrine b. Sweat glands secret by the method of merocrine d. Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands
Which of the following bone cells is responsible for production of bone? a. Osteoblasts b. None of the answers is correct. c. Osteoclasts d. Osteocytes
a. Osteoblasts
Secondary ossification center forms in the epiphysis of the bone. a. True b. False
a. True
Chondrocytes ________. a. are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae b. They are found in the perichondrium c. never lose their ability to divide d. remain in compact bone even after the epiphyseal plate closes
a. are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae
Cartilage is devoid of blood vessels and nerve endings a. true b. false
a. true
Fibrocartilage is found in the IVD and pubic symphysis. a. true b. false
a. true
Simple cuboidal and columnar epithelium are both types of epithelial tissues which are found in the kidney. a. True b. False
b. False
Territorial matrix is rich in collagen and poor in proteoglycans a. true b. false
b. False
interterritorial matrix rich in proteoglycans and poor in collagen a. true b. false
b. False
Which of the following cells are not found in the lacunae? a. Osteoclasts b. Osteoblasts c. Chondrocytes d. Osteocytes e. Chondroblasts
b. Osteoblasts
Which "zone" of endochondral ossification in the growing femur of an adolescent is the closest to that bone's secondary ossification center? a. Hypertrophy zone b. Resting zone c. Ossification zone d. Proliferation zone
b. Resting zone
What is intramembranous ossification? a. The formation of bone from preexisting hylaline cartilage model b. The formation of bone from mesenchymal connective tissue c. The formation of bone from preexisting fibrocartilage models d. Formation of bone from preexisting elastic acartilage
b. The formation of bone from mesenchymal connective tissue
Stratified cuboidal epithelium makes the lining of: a. digestive tract b. ducts of the sweat glands c. blood vessel d. Thyroid follicles
b. ducts of the sweat glands
Osteoid is made of cells and collagen fibers. a. true b. false
b. false
Woven bone contains high mineral content and irregular arrangements of collagen fibers. a. true b. false
b. false
Tall columnar epithelial cells contain flat nuclei: a. true b. false
b. false note: not tall nuclei
Simple squamous epithelial tissue is found in: a. ducts of sweat glands b. lining of the blood vessels c. kidney tubules d. skin
b. lining of the blood vessels
Which of the following statements is correct about chondroblasts? MACA a. they are located in the middle of cartilage matrix b. they secret cartilage matrix c. they maintain the cartilage matrix d. They are derived from mesenchymal cell
b. they secret cartilage matrix d. They are derived from mesenchymal cell
You would expect to find----------------fibers in areas that undergo a lot of stretch and rebound. a. Reticular b. Collagen c. Elastic fibers d. Muscle
c. Elastic fibers
All of the following is true of Periosteum Except: a. Attached to bone surface by collagen fibers called sharpey fibers b. Its fibrous layer is made from dense connective tissue c. Lines the medullay cavity d. It is made of two layers fibrous and osteogenic
c. Lines the medullay cavity
What is the embryonic origin of the most connect tissue cells? a. Collagen b. Osteoblasts c. Mesenchymal cells d. Chondroblasts
c. Mesenchymal cells
Which of the following statements is Correct? a. endocrine glands secrete substances into the bloodstream through ducts b. all exocrine glands are unicellular c. Method of secretion of most glands is merocrine d. goblet cells are an example of unicellular endocrine epithelium
c. Method of secretion of most glands is merocrine note: d = exo not endo
Which of the following cells of cartilage lives in a lucunae a. chondrocytes b. none of the above c. both of the above d. chondroblasts
c. both of the above
Glands which secret hormones into blood or interstitial fluid are called: a. exocrine glands b. merocrine glands c. endocrine glands d. holocrine glands
c. endocrine glands
Which of the following structure arise from ectoderm? a. glands of digestive tract b. kidney tubules c. epidermis of the skin d. endothelium
c. epidermis of the skin
Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Mammary glands secret by the method of apocrine b. Sweat glands secret by the method of merocrine c. salivary glands are endocrine glands d. Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands
c. salivary glands are endocrine glands
Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which epithelial tissue? a. simple squamous b. transitional c. simple columnar d. stratified squamous
c. simple columnar
Serous cells secrete: a. none of the above b. endocrine hormones c. watery secretion containing proteins d. mucus
c. watery secretion containing proteins
Process of endochondral ossification starts by formation of? a. formation of primary center ossification b. Medullary cavity formation c. Periosteal bud invasion d. Bone collar formation
d. Bone collar formation
The shape of the external ear is maintained by: a. fibrocartilage b. adipose tissue c. hyaline cartilage d. elastic cartilage
d. elastic cartilage
What type of bone is first to be synthesized during endochondral ossification? a. trabecular b. compact c. Spongy bone d. woven
d. woven
Epimysium
dense irregular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle; may blend with fascia
Which of the following cells are not found in the lacunae? a. Osteoclasts b. Chondrocytes c. Chondroblasts d. Osteocytes e. Osteoblasts
e. Osteoblasts
Embryonic origin of nervous tissue is? a. endoderm b. mesothelium c. mesoderm d. endothelium e. ectoderm
e. ectoderm
You found compound acinar glands in? a. Sebaceous glands b. Sweat glands d. Submandibular gland e. pancreas
e. pancreas if maca: a/e
Sheaths from external to internal:
epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
Perimysium
fibrous connective tissue surrounding fascicles (groups of muscle fibers)
Endomysium
fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber
Woven Bone
--first bone formed by either of above methods --can be remodeled into mature spongy bone or compact bone --lower mineral content and higher concentration of osteocytes --irregular orientation of collagen fibers
The most abundant cartilage A) Hyaline cartilage B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Chondrocytes E) Extracellular matrix F) Chondroblasts
A) Hyaline cartilage
Which of the following is mutilocular fat? A. Brown B. White C. Neither
A. Brown
Osteoblast deposit................and live on the ................. MACA A. Calcium salt B. lacunae C. on the surface of the bone E. Cartilage matrix
A. Calcium salt C. on the surface of the bone note: Deposit = a Live = c
Where are osteoprogenitor cells found? MACA A. Central Canal B. in interstitial lamellae C. along the inner layer of the periosteum D. along the outer layer of the periosteum E. endosteum
A. Central Canal C. along the inner layer of the periosteum E. endosteum note: B = left over from previous lamella D = fibrous
Which of the following is consider belonging to PNS? MCA A. Dorsal root ganglion B. Pyramidal cell of the cerebrum C. Ventral horn of the spinal cord D. Spinal nerves
A. Dorsal root ganglion B. Pyramidal cell of the cerebrum
Which of the following arise from mesoderm? A. Endothelium B. Lining of the respiratory tract C. Mouth D. Nervous tissue
A. Endothelium
Bone grow in length due to activity in the...... A. Epiphyseal plate B. Perichondrium C. Periosteum D. Medullary Cavity
A. Epiphyseal plate
Periosteum is made of two layers the most outer layer is: A. Fibrous layer and it has protective function B. Osteogenic layer
A. Fibrous layer and it has protective function note: fib = 1st layer ost = 2nd layer
Which of the following is characteristics of woven bone? MACA A. High number of osteocytes B. High number of osteoblasts C. Regular arrangement of collagen fibers D. High mineral contents E. Low mineral content
A. High number of osteocytes E. Low mineral content
During contraction of skeletal muscle : MACA A. I band decreases B. A band stay the same C. A band decreases D. I band increases
A. I band decreases B. A band stay the same
Which of the following statements are corrects about Parathyroid hormone? MACA A. It is produced by parathyroid gland B. It is produced by thyroid glands C. Stimulates osteoblast D. Stimulates osteoclasts E. It is produced when calcium blood level goes down
A. It is produced by parathyroid gland D. Stimulates osteoclasts E. It is produced when calcium blood level goes down
Where do you find simple squamous epithelium? (MACA) A. Lining of blood vessels B. Ducts of the sweat gland C. Digestive tract D. Kidney E. Bladder
A. Lining of blood vessels D. Kidney
Multipolar neurons are mostly: A. Motor B. Sensory
A. Motor
Which of the following is considered as embryonic connective tissue? MACA A. Mucoid Connective tissue B. Reticular connective tissue C. Dense irregular connective tissue D. Mesenchymal connective tissue
A. Mucoid Connective tissue D. Mesenchymal connective tissue
Bipolar neurons have: MACA A. One axon and one dendrites B. They are found in retina C. They are motor neurons D. They are found in the ear
A. One axon and one dendrites B. They are found in retina D. They are found in the ear
Which of the following is exocrine glands? MACA A. Sebaceous gland B. Thyroid gland C. Enteroendocrine gland D. Sweat gland E. Mammary gland
A. Sebaceous gland C. Enteroendocrine gland E. Mammary gland
Which of the following is found in the peripheral nervous system? MACA A. Spinal nerves B. Purkinje cells of the cerebrum C. Cranial nerves D. Dorsal root ganglion E. Ventral median fissure
A. Spinal nerves C. Cranial nerves D. Dorsal root ganglion
Which of the following statements is incorrect for plasma cells: A. They release histamine B. They are derived from B lymphocytes C. The produce antibodies D. They are made from mesenchymal cells.
A. They release histamine
Appositional growth of cartilage only occurs in a cartilage with perichondrium. A. True B. False
A. True
Bone marrow is where the hematopoiesis occurs? A. True B. False
A. True
Cleft of Schmidt of Lanterman are only found in PNS while nodes of Ranvier are found in CNS and PNS A. True B. False
A. True
Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface. A. True B. False
A. True
Holocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally until the cell ruptures. A. True B. False
A. True
Osteons are only found in compact bone. A. True B. False
A. True
Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually found in areas where secretion and absorption occur. A. True B. False
A. True
T tubules are found in both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle A. True B. False
A. True
Woven bone are special type of bone made after injury and they have high concentration of osteocytes and irregular arrangements of collagen fibers with low mineral content. A. True B. False
A. True
Which of the following is a modification of the simple columnar epithelium that allows for efficient absorption along portions of the digestive tract? A. Villi and microvilli B. thin and permeable C. fibroblasts D. cilia
A. Villi and microvilli
Which of the following tissues is considered a special type of connective tissue tissue? MACA A. adipose B. blood C. areolar D. reticular
A. adipose B. blood D. reticular note: C = not considered
Nerve fascicles contain mainly: A. axons B. dendrites C. neuronal cell bodies D. all the above
A. axons note: nerves = axons nerve cells = neurons
Bipolar neurons are found in? MACA A. cochlea B. Eye C. Tongue D. Dorsal Root ganglion
A. cochlea B. Eye C. Tongue
A substance received or given off by your body will likely pass through which tissue type? A. epithelial tissue B. connective tissue C. nervous tissue D. muscle tissue
A. epithelial tissue
What are the main component of a connective tissue? A. ground substance, fibers, and cells B. alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells C. collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers D. fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts
A. ground substance, fibers, and cells note: ECM
Autonomic nervous system controls: MACA A. smooth muscle B. heart C. skeletal muscle D. gland
A. smooth muscle B. heart D. gland
What is the function of calcitonin hormone? A. stimulate osteoclast activity B. inhibit osteoclast activity
A. stimulate osteoclast activity