Exam 3

Sheldon is studying for a quiz. He writes in his notes that humans have _____ pairs of cranial nerves.

12

What is confabulation?

Confusing a made-up answer as a memory of an actual experience

Which of the following is characterized by extreme sympathetic nervous system arousal?

Panic attack

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, it should be possible to predict (with better than chance accuracy) the content of a person's dreams if we know what information about the person?

Stimuli currently acting on the body and areas of spontaneous brain activity

Why do humans suffer from sleepiness, decreased muscle activity, and decreased sex drive during illness?

They are useful ways of conserving energy while the body is attacking the illness.

Graig is experiencing hypovolemic thirst. His type of thirst _____.

can be satisfied better by slightly salty water than by pure water

Psychologists typically define emotion in terms of the following components: ____.

cognitions, feelings, actions, and physiological changes

Stephan is experiencing a lot of stress. His adrenal gland is likely releasing _____.

cortisol

After entering stage 4 for the first time each evening, the sleeper typically ____.​

cycles back through stages 3 and 2

The immune system's way of telling the brain that the body is ill is by way of ____.

cytokines

Dreams only occur during REM sleep.​

false

Jennifer has been diagnosed with PTSD. As such, her startle reflex is suppressed.

false

Professor Everest tells his class that the most potent zeitgeber for humans is temperature.

false

Professor Wang is lecturing on digestion and eating behaviors. He tells the class that the pancreas makes _____ and ____ that regulate the flow of glucose into the cells.

glucagon; insulin

If a stimulus is presented repeatedly, followed by no other stimulus, the animal will gradually stop responding. This is known as ____.

habituation

Professor Cheng tells her class that the SCN is found in the _____.

hypothalamus

A human's body temperature over the course of 24 hours is usually highest ____.​

mid to late afternoon

In response to emotionally arousing events, the locus coeruleus releases ____.

norepinephrine

Impulsive behavior and poor decisions are common symptoms of ____.

prefrontal damage

One ironic but interesting finding is that people with amnesia will improve on ____ tasks, but have no ____ memory with respect to the task.

procedural; explicit

An organizing effect differs from an activating effect of a hormone in that an organizing effect ____.

produces more long-lasting effects

The field of study concerned with how the nervous system interacts with the immune system is known as ____.

psychoneuroimmunology

Forgetting events prior to the time of brain damage is a characteristic of ____ amnesia.

retrograde

If some of the synapses onto a cell have been highly active and others have not, only the active ones become strengthened. This is known as the property of ____.

specificity

After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the body ____.​

still has rhythms, but they are less consistent

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts; the ____ nervous system (which prepares the body for emergency action), and the ____ nervous system (which calms the body).

sympathetic; parasympathetic

Alzheimer's is associated with brain damage as a result of ____.

tangles and plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus

According to rodent studies, testosterone exerts a major part of its effect on ____.

the hypothalamus

Lashley's term "engram" refers to ____.

the physical representation of learning

In instrumental conditioning, an individual's response leads to a reinforcer or punishment.

true

The amygdala is one of the main areas for integrating both environmental and genetic influences, and then regulating the current level of anxiety.

true

A "zeitgeber" is a(n) ____.​

​environmental cue that resets a biological clock