exam 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of breakfast eating?

People who eat breakfast frequently have a lower BMI than breakfast skippers.

Which of the following is a feature of smoking and weight maintenance?

People who give up smoking gain an average of 10 lbs in the first year.

Jody is taking a nutrition class, and has been assigned to evaluate a popular diet plan. She finds a description of a plan for her assignment in a magazine at the grocery store. Which of the following statements in the magazine would suggest that this plan is an unsound, fad diet?

"Once you complete this 6-month plan, you'll never have to diet again."

What percentage of people in the United States who use nonprescription weight-loss products have a normal weight?

10

As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in women?

1200

As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in men?

1600

Of the following, which is among the recommended strategies for weight gain in an underweight person?

Behavior modification training

What is Prader-Willi syndrome?

A genetic disorder resulting in obesity

Among the following, which is the most important strategy for an underweight person who wishes to achieve a healthy body weight?

A high-kcalorie diet plus regular exercise

Which of the following is a feature of weight gain and genetics?

Adopted children tend to have body weights more like their biological parents than their adoptive parents

Which of the following is a feature of the body's response to engaging in physical activity?

After an intense and vigorous workout, metabolism remains elevated for several hours.

Which of the following describes a relationship between leptin and energy balance?

Blood levels of leptin usually correlate directly with body fat.

Which of the following is a feature of taking diet histories to gauge energy intake?

Both normal and obese people commonly misreport actual energy intakes.

Kirima is a Native Eskimo who lives in one of the coldest regions in the world. What type of adipose tissue is most effective at helping her to maintain warm body temperatures during the coldest parts of the year?

Brown

What is the chief reason that health-care professionals advise people to engage only in low-to-moderate intensity activities for prolonged duration rather than more intense, shorter routines?

Compliance is better

Which of the following is a feature of physical inactivity and energy balance?

Differences in the time obese and lean people spend lying, sitting, standing, and moving account for about 350 kcalories per day.

Which of the following would be part of a successful program of weight gain in an underweight individual?

Eat energy-dense foods.

What is the best meal-planning strategies for underweight people who desire to gain weight?

Eat meaty appetizers rather than salads

Which of the following is a feature of energy metabolism in formerly obese people who have lost weight?

Energy requirements are lower than expected for their current body weight.

Which of the following is a feature of meal eating?

Faster eating correlates with higher body weight.

What is the rationale for the fat cell theory of obesity?

Fat cell number increases most readily in late childhood and early puberty.

Why, in part, is weight loss more successful with exercise and also after bypass surgery?

Ghrelin levels are relatively low.

What is the principal reason that appetite is turned off immediately after a person finishes an intense workout?

Glucose and fatty acids are still abundant in the blood.

On which organ or tissue does leptin primarily act?

Hypothalamus

What is the significance of the uncoupling proteins in adipose tissue

Increased loss of energy as heat

Which of the following is a feature of gastric surgery for the treatment of clinically severe obesity?

It diminishes the amount of food that can be eaten without GI distress.

What is the primary action of orlistat, a weight-loss drug?

It inhibits pancreatic lipase.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the rate of dietary fat oxidation?

It is lower in obese people.

Which of the following is a characteristic of liposuction?

It results in a return of body fat within a year, primarily to the abdomen.

Which of the following is a feature of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme?

Its activities in men and women are sex-related and explain the differences in major fat storage regions of the body.

What are the observed effects of sleep deprivation on leptin and ghrelin?

Leptin decreases while ghrelin increases

Which of the following is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes?

Lipoprotein lipase

Which of the following is a characteristic of fat cell development?

More and larger fat cells are found in obese people compared with healthy-weight persons.

Which of the following is a relation of "spot reducing" to exercise?

No exercise can target fat removal from any specific area of the body.

Your patient, Mr. Sinclair, has a BMI of 43 and is taking drugs to lose weight. He has heard that some drugs cause lots of gastrointestinal discomfort and would prefer to take one that doesn't give him any of these side effects. Which of the following should be prescribed for Mr. Sinclair?

Phentermine

Which of the following defines the body's set point?

Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight

What is the best approach to weight loss?

Reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure.

Which of the following would be most effective at lowering energy intake in a person on a weight reduction program?

Select less energy-dense foods

To help maximize the long-term success of a person's weight-loss program, which of the following personal attitudes should be encouraged in the individual?

Strongly believing that weight can be lost

Which of the following describes a connection between physical activity and energy expenditure?

The number of kcalories spent in an activity depends on body weight, intensity, and duration.

What is the principal reason that the FDA has banned the sale of products containing ephedrine?

The products were implicated in several cases of heart attacks and seizures.

Which of the following is the best evidence that environment must play a role in obesity?

The rate of obesity has been rising while the gene pool has remained relatively constant.

Which of the following is a feature of prescription drug use for treatment of obesity?

The use of "off-label" drugs is common to take advantage of their modest weight loss effects.

Which of the following is a characteristic of most fad diets?

They limit food choices, thereby reducing energy intake.

Which of the following is a feature of the use of artificial sweeteners to control body weight?

They may lead to weight gain in some people.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the body's major types of adipose tissue?

Very little brown fat is found in adults, whereas more is seen in infants.

Fad diets often produce weight loss, at least initially, because they

are designed to limit energy intake to around 1200 kcal/day.

Tonya is an overweight cigarette smoker. Which of the following risk factors would make it especially important for her to lose weight?

family history of heart disease.

Obesity resulting from an increase in the number of fat cells is termed

hyperplastic obesity.

An important aid in any weight-loss diet program is to

increase physical activity.

An example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to

keep a record of your eating habits.

Individuals who are able to lose weight and successfully keep it off for at least a year typically

limit television to less than 10 hours per week.

Clinically severe obesity is also known as

morbid obesity.

The prescription drug phentermine acts by regulating the utilization of

norepinephrine.

Compared with non-obese people, obese people have a lower

physical activity level.

Because obesity apparently has many causes, even in a single individual, the best approach seems to be

prevention.

The major function of lipoprotein lipase is to?

remove triglycerides from blood for storage.

The most likely explanation for why women readily store fat around the hips whereas men readily store fat around the abdomen is gender differences in?

the activity of lipoprotein lipase.

Incorporating large quantities of low-energy-density foods in a diet is sometimes referred to as

volumetrics.