Exam 3, biology 2

are protist unicellular, colonial, or multicellular?

Most of the organisms are unicellular, some are colonial and some are multicellular like algae. they change between unicellular and multicellular around their lifecycles and environmental conditions.

what is a yeast? how many fungal phyla have yeasts?

a single celled fungus, reproduces by budding 4 fungal phyla.

what key characteristics/ capabilities do we see evolve in protist but are then passed on to ancestors in fungal, Animalia, and plantae. kingdoms? why do you think these characteristics evolved. ( how do they benefit the organisms)?

- First, they are both eukaryotic, meaning they belong to the Eukarya domain and their cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Both of them also have cell walls, are stationary, and are typically multicellular, which means they are made of multiple cells. Plants and fungi used to be grouped together but are no longer because of distinctive differences between these two groups. - While both plants and fungi have cell walls, the cell walls in plants are made of cellulose. Fungus, such as mushrooms, yeast, and mold, are eukaryotic, non-motile organisms that are heterotrophic, which means that they must take in nutrients for energy. They have cell walls made of chitin. We can see these differences highlighted in the comparison here:

do these organism provide any ecosystem service or transformative ecological role that makes them unique? why are they important to the human society?

1. 2.

when did this kindom emerge on the planet? when did the different taxonimic group associated eith the kindoms evolve? what are some characteristics that differ one taxonimic taxing to another?

1. - 2.7 billion years ago 2.

are their any anatomocal/ physical/structural characteristics that are unique to this taxa? what type of cells do they have? do they have cell walls? are they typically multi celluar or single celled?

1. - eukaryotes are 10 times wider than prokaryotes on average and thousands of times larger in volume - eukaryotuc Dna is enclosed in a nuclear memebrane - the increased. number and complexity of subcellular compartments allows eukaryotes to function with greater efficiency. 2. In eukaryotes, however, the DNA takes the form of compact chromosomes separated from the rest of the cell by a nuclear membrane (also called a nuclear envelope). Eukaryotic cells also contain a variety of structures and organelles not present in prokaryotic cells. 3. yes 4. Some eukaryotic cells are independent, single-celled microrganisms.

what is the life cycle of eukaryotic cells? What kind of reproduction is practiced? are their any distinctive features that go with asexual and sexual reproduction?

1. cells is divided into four discrete phases: M, G1, S, and G2. M phase (mitosis) is usually followed bycytokinesis. S phase is the period during which DNA replication occurs. 2. they can produce by themselves either asexual or sexually with a partner and trade genetic code. 3.

what does an amoeba use to move and feed environment?

Amoebae use pseudopodia (meaning "false feet") to move. This is basically the same way phagocytes (a type of white blood cell) engulf an invading microorganism when we fight an illness. In the case of an amoeba moving, it's cytoplasm flows forward to form a pseudopodium, then it evens back out. In order to eat, it will form two pseudopodia and wrap

where are the organism found in eukaryotic kindoms?

Eukaryotic cells are usually larger than prokaryotic cells, and they are found mainly in multicellular organisms.Organisms with eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes, and they range from fungi to people. Eukaryotic cells also contain other organelles besides the nucleus.

what are the characteristics that define an organism in the protist kingdom

Protistsare eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as a plant, animal, orfungus. They are mostly unicellular, but some, like algae, are multicellular. Kelp, or 'seaweed,' is a large multicellularprotist that provides food, shelter, and oxygen for numerous underwater ecosystems.

how do protist move through their environment?

Some protists move by changing their cell shape, and some move by means of specilized organnelles. Other protists do not move actively but are carried by wind watee or other organism

how do protists acquire energy?

There are many plant-like protists, such as algae, that get their energyfrom sunlight through photosynthesis.

which phyla of organism has the highest diversity

ascomycota

what is algae? why are green algae considered the closest relatives to the land plants?

autrophic protist that carry out oxygen generating photosynthesis.

where is the majority of a fungal organism found in the environment? what is hyphae? what is mycelium?

chytrid. webs of slender tubes that grow towards food sources. a branching web of hyphae that farms a bulk of fungi.

what are the characteristics that define an organism classified in fungal kingdom?

hererotrophs

know the different fungal phyla and their associated reproductive structures. sexual or asexual?

reproductive structure called basdium. sexual and asexual

what is difference between saprophytic and a symbiotic fungus?

saprophytic live on dead organic matters symbiotic have mutual beneficial relationships with other plants

are there any protists that cause disease?

yes. Protozoa make humans sick when they become human parasites. Trypanosoma protozoa cause Chagas disease and sleeping sickness. Giardia protozoacause giardiasis, and Plasmodium protozoa cause malaria.