Exam 3 (Ch 6, 8, 9, 10) - Haysley - GOVT 2305

who was not a republican candidate for president in 2016

John Boehner

what best summarizes the political views of independents?

They are usually closet partisans and favor one party over another.

Modern political campaigns do NOT depend on

a large army of volunteers from the party

simple random sample (or probability sample)

a method used by pollsters to select a representative sample in which every individual in the population has an equal probability of being selected as a respondent (page 233)

proportional representation

a multiple-member district system that allows each political party representation in proportion to its percentage of the total vote (page 373)

platform

a party document, written at a national convention, that contains party philosophy, principles, and positions on issues (page 337)

random digit dialing

a polling method in which respondents are selected at random from a list of 10-digit telephone numbers, with every effort made to avoid bias in the construction of the sample (page 233)

Partisan loyalty is likely to be highest in the election of

a state legislator

majority system

a type of electoral system in which, to win a seat in the parliament or other representative body, a candidate must receive a majority of all the votes cast in the relevant district (page 372)

plurality system

a type of electoral system in which, to win a seat in the parliament or other representative body, a candidate need only receive the most votes in the election, not necessarily a majority of the votes cast (page 372)

traditional political participation

activities designed to influence government, including voting and face-to-face activities such as volunteering for a campaign or working on behalf of a candidate or political organization (page 289)

majority-minority district

an electoral district, such as a congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents belong to racial or ethnic minorities (page 375)

policy entrepreneur

an individual who identifies a problem as a political issue and brings a policy proposal into the political agenda (page 341)

town hall meeting

an informal public meeting in which candidates meet with ordinary citizens; allows candidates to deliver messages without the presence of journalists or commentators (page 388)

The rules of presidential primaries and caucuses are determined

by state party organizations.

In Congress, the democrats are organized by a ______, while Republicans are organized by a ____

caucus, conference

Things like one's gender, race, ethnicity, income, or education level are examples of what kinds of effects?

cohort effects

national convention

convened by the Republican National Committee or the Democratic National Committee to nominate official candidates for president and vice president in the upcoming election, establish party rules, and adopt the party's platform (page 337)

American political parties are

decentralized organizations with loose coordination across groups.

while traditional party conventions were ________, contemporary party conventions are _______.

deliberative assemblies to determine nominations; simple ratifications of nominations that have already been determined

Andrew Jackson was the founder of which political party?

democratic

How are the number of electors for each state determined in the Electoral College?

each state receives an elector for every member of the house and senate it has

Which of the following is NOT an example of a voting cue?

election rules

As a way of affecting opinion, the President's staff wishes to persuade the media to follow their lead in covering topics. This is an example of _______ the news

framing

when the government increases spending, it is generally preceded by a policy mood that is

leaning liberal

soft money

money contributed directly to political parties and other organizations for political activities, such as voter mobilization drives, that is not regulated by federal campaign spending laws (page 338)

What do we call the principal or main body in each party organization in America?

national committee

During the earliest years of the United States, who nominated the candidates for president?

nominations were controlled by each party's congressional caucus

527 committees

nonprofit independent groups that receive and disburse funds to influence the nomination, election, or defeat of candidates as long as their activities are not coordinated with the candidate campaigns. Named after Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code, which defines and grants tax-exempt status to nonprofit advocacy groups (page 338)

What has been the impact of third parties?

often that party's issues are absorbed into one or both of the major parties

party activists

partisans who contribute time, energy, and effort to support their party and its candidates (page 343)

What did the conflict over replacing Antonin Scalia on the Supreme Court demonstrate?

party polarization

we refer to the level of support for expanding the government's role in society as what?

policy mood

grassroots politics

political campaigns that operate at the local level, often using face-to-face communication to generate interest and momentum by citizens (page 376)

Duverger's Law

relates electoral rules to the number of major parties

the most important thing to do in trying to get a representative sample of the population is

select a sample randomly

straight-ticket voting

selecting candidates from the same political party for all offices on the ballot (page 373)

party machines

strong party organizations in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American cities; these machines were led by often corrupt "bosses" who controlled party nominations and patronage (page 339)

In a spoils system,

supporters of the winning party are rewarded.

Once nominated, how does a party candidate begin to campaign

the candidate uses the party convention as a platform to begin his/her campaign

social desirability effect

the effect that results when respondents in a survey report what they expect the interviewer wishes to hear rather than what they believe (page 238)

party organization

the formal structure of a political party, including its leadership, election committees, active members, and paid staff (page 336)

The rules of presidential primaries and caucuses are determined by?

the national party organizations

permanent absentee ballots

the option in some states to have a ballot sent automatically to your home for each election, rather than having to request an absentee ballot each time (page 318)

The view that "my vote will not make a difference" is an important part of what question in political science?

the paradox of voting

__________ is made up of politicians who were elected as candidates of a party, while __________ involves the structure of national, state, and local parties, including party leaders and workers.

the party in government; the party organization

electoral realignment

the point in history when a new party supplants the ruling party, becoming in turn the dominant political force; in the United States, this has tended to occur roughly every 30 years (page 355)

referendum

the practice of referring a proposed law passed by a legislature to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection (page 381)

mobilization

the process by which large numbers of people are organized for a political activity (page 310)

According to Duverger's Law, if we want to know how many major political parties a country will have what should we look at?

the rules for determining how many votes are needed to win an election, along with other electoral rules

What is the Democratic Party's goal in creating superdelegates?

to ensure the nominee is someone the officials believe can win the general election

Members of the House of Representatives are selected by

voters in single-member districts.

prospective voting

voting based on the imagined future performance of a candidate or political party (page 398)

retrospective voting

voting based on the past performance of a candidate or political party (page 398)

in a plurality voting system

whoever gets the most votes wins

What is the difference between Democratic and Republican primaries?

The democratic party requires that state presidential primaries allocate delegates on the basis of proportional representation while the Republican party does not

What has been suggested about the difference of opinion between women and men?

The difference is based on women obtaining more political knowledge than men

push poll

a polling technique in which the questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion (page 240)

open primary

a primary election in which the voter can wait until the day of the primary to choose which party to enroll in to select candidates for the general election (page 372)

closed primary

a primary election in which voters can participate in the nomination of candidates but only of the party in which they are enrolled for a period of time prior to primary day (page 372)

political action committee (PAC)

a private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns (page 395)

recall

a procedure to allow voters to remove state officials from office before their terms expire by circulating petitions to call a vote (page 382)

ballot initiative

a proposed law or policy change that is placed on the ballot by citizens or interest groups for a popular vote (page 381)

what is a party platform?

a set of objectives outlining the party's issue positions and priorities, which candidates are not required to support

Money that is used specifically to elect or defeat a specific candidate is known as _____ money.

hard

The MOST important method by which campaigns are conducted in America today is

paid campaign advertising

501(c)(4)s

politically active nonprofits; under federal law, these nonprofits can spend unlimited amounts on political campaigns and not disclose their donors as long as their activities are not coordinated with the candidate campaigns and political activities are not their primary purpose (page 338)

selection bias (surveys)

polling error that arises when the sample is not representative of the population being studied, which creates errors in overrepresenting or underrepresenting some opinions (page 238)

A pollster will ask a question indirectly in an attempt to avoid __________ in respondents' answers.

social desirability

marketplace of ideas

the public forum in which beliefs and ideas are exchanged and compete (page 226)

Which of the following is NOT considered a "fundamental" of an election?

the quality of each candidate's campaign

The state of New Jersey has 12 U.S. House members, and therefore the state of New Jersey is allocated __________ members in the Electoral College.

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