Exam 3 History 150
Who is Olympe de Gouges and what was the outcome of her work?
Women's rights advocate, and she wrote the declaration on women's rights
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?
money and populations from agricultural, rich in coal/iron had a lot of colonies to ship goods.
In the decades after 1870, how did most Western Governments deal with elementary education?
offered school from 6 years old to 12 years old
What was the result of Alexander II's emancipation edict of 1861?
peasants own property, marry whoever they want, sue people
What was the most important form of literary expression for the romantics?
poetry, love of nature
What was the chief reason for the development of mass transportation?
population expanded outward, needed a way to bring people back to city for jobs and such
What was the difference between Post-Impressionists painters and impressionists painters?
post impressionists structure form not in nature
How did industrialized European nations use their colonies?
raw resources, military staging points
Compare and contrast slaves in the U.S. with the serfdom in Imperial Russia, the abolition of both, and the resulting aftermath.
Serfs tied to land couldn't leave.
Which European monarch's life was changed after reading the work of Voltaire?
Fredrick the Great of Prussia, absolute ruler governed using enlightened principles
Who was Otto Von Bismarck? What was Realpolitik?
German prime minister, ignores parliament, Realpolitik-if you have the opportunity take it
Who is Albert Einstein?
German scientist who discovered the theory of relativity
After 1870, who was the industrial leader of Europe?
Germany
Before 1914, what countries made up the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
What was Napolean's greatest victory?
Battle of Ulm
By the 18th century, what was the largest European city in terms of population?
London
What was the German Reichstag? Was it effective?
Lowest house of German parliament, no power, anybody could be in it
At its most basic level, what is Burkean conservatism?
People believed in power of the government
Who was Camillo di Cavour?
Prime Minister of Piedmont in Northern Italy
What was the Chief reason for Napolean's fast rise to power?
military genius
What is the concept of human natural rights?
a set of rights guaranteed to humans under the union/government
According to philosphes, what was the best hope of reforming 18th century society?
absolute rulers that goverened using enlightened principles
Describe Marxism
against private property, capitalism, middle class
Who is Friedrich Nietzche?
believed that one had to think unreasonably and outside the box to open up the mind
What is behavior, according to Sigmund Freud?
built off of previous experiences in life
What was the primary reason for using children as a source of labor in the industrial revolution?
cheap labor, tiny bodies
What were the national workshops?
cooperative factories in France, area of work provided for unemployed by French Republic after the revolution, got shut down because government couldn't afford it
What industry did Britain build the Industrial Revolution?
cotton industry
What was the most immediate cause of the French Revolution?
country was in major debt, continued spending
Who was James Hargreaves?
created the spinning Jenny
Describe Napolean's domestic policies.
cripples women's rights, gave positions based on the people's strengths
What was the chief cause of the rising European populations between 1850 to 1880?
decline in the death rate
Describe 18th century European cities.
disgusting, trash in streets, people were getting sick.
What was the Ausgleich or Compromise of 1867?
dual monarchy of Austria Hungary
Describe the Austrian Empire under Joseph II.
ended death penalty, tried to give peasants rights, made enemies out of everyone
What did women hope to achieve in the feminist movement? To what extent were they successful by 1914? Today?
hoped to gain the right to vote, higher education, and more job opportunities. They gained the right to vote, got some higher education, but still did not receive the same job opportunities as men
What impact did the American Revolution have on Europe?
inspiration for European revolutions
From where did the ideology of Romanticism come?
inspiration from beliefs in feelings emotion imagination
Who was Henry Cort?
invented the puddling system, used for making iron and metals
What is the Crystal Palace?
large glass building used for the Great Exhibition
Describe Pablo Picasso's early work.
lots of styles, Cubism created
Describe Russian society under Nicholas I.
strict, policeman of Europe
What was Charles Dickens trying to convey in his works?
struggle of middle/lower class families
Who was Edmund Burke?
supported American revolution rather than France
According to Karl Marx, who would become the dominant class of society?
the working class
What was the position of women during the second half of the 19th century? Had women's positions and opportunites for self-expression changed any since the previous century? How?
the world of business advanced for women, however, most women were still tied to the family, not too much change in the self expression category
When they were not able to find work in factories, where did many European women find it?
white collars, secratary, clerks exc.
Why did populations decline in the 18th century?
women began to start practicing in the use of birth control