EXAM 3 Nursing Fund

The nurse maintains a journal in which she reflects on her clinical practice. Which entry is an example of reflection for action?

"Next time I will assess the client before obtaining the medication." Feedback:The entry which indicates reflection for action is the one in which the nurse writes about future actions. This is the nurse writing, "next time..." All of the other entries are reflection on action. The reflections on action are after the fact and involve thinking through a situation.

A client is questioning the need for surgery. The client asks the nurse, "What should I do?" What answer by the nurse is based on advocacy?

"Tell me what reason you do not want the surgery." Feedback:Nurses as advocates must realize that they do not make ethical decisions for their clients. Rather, they facilitate clients' decision-making by interpreting findings, informing clients of various aspects to be considered, helping clients verbalize and organize their feelings, calling in others involved in the decision making, and helping clients assess all their options in relation to their beliefs.

What are common characteristics of nursing theories? Select all that apply. Hint: There are 4 correct answers

A nursing theory directs nurses toward improved client care. A nursing theory provides a rational and knowledgeable reason for nursing interventions. A nursing theory provides a base for discussion of nursing issues.

Which of the following are considered ethical problems? Select all that apply. Hint: There are 4 correct answers.

A physician is performing a thoracentesis on a patient who does not particularly like the doctor. After one failed attempt, the patient tells the physician to stop. The physician asks you to give an anxiolytic so she can just get the procedure done quickly. You are taking care of a patient with a history of cocaine abuse who is in severe pain following several thoracic vertebrae fractures secondary to a fall off a ladder. After multiple calls to a resident physician, you are still waiting for a response when you decide to call the resident's attending physician. In your post-clinical conference discussion with your nursing instructor, you avoid using patient identifiers in describing the care you gave to your patient today. A student is about to administer an intramuscular injection for the first time, when the client asks "Is this your first shot?" The student responds with "No, I've given several before" because they want to decrease the client's anxiety. You are frustrated with the lack of response by management in addressing the severe short staffing within your hospital unit. Your brother tells you that he can get you an interview with a local news station to help address the issue. A nurse shows a fellow nurse on another floor a picture of a patient's large sacral pressure ulcer that she posted to Instagram. The patient is lying down and all identifiers have been removed from the photograph.

What nursing organization first legitimized the use of the nursing process?

American Nurses Association Feedback:Although the term "nursing process" was first used by Lydia Hall in 1955 and nursing theorists delineated specific steps in a process approach to nursing, use of the nursing process was legitimized in 1973, when the American Nurses Association's Congress for Nursing Practice developed Standards of Practice to guide nursing performance.

A nurse has been named as a defendant in a lawsuit. With whom should the nurse discuss the case?

Attorney Feedback:The nurse should only discuss the case with the attorney representing him or her and/or the institution. Recommendations for the nurse as defendant include not discussing the case with anyone at the employing agency (except the risk manager), the plaintiff, the plaintiff's lawyer, anyone testifying for the plaintiff, or reporters.

The nurse working in research correctly identifies which of the following to be mandatory for the ethical conduction of research in a hospital setting?

Clients must grant informed consent if they are to participate. Feedback:Informed consent is an absolute prerequisite for clients who are asked to participate as subjects in a research study. Not all interventions will benefit all (or even any) clients. The risks and benefits of research are considered carefully in light of ethical principles, but this does not necessarily mean that every participant in a study stands to benefit from it. Ethical standards are applicable and achievable in every type of research, and descriptive studies are not necessarily more ethical than experiments.

A nurse provides client care within a philosophy of ethical decision making and professional expectations. What is the nurse using as a framework for practice?

Code of Ethics Feedback:A professional code of ethics provides a framework for making ethical decisions and sets forth professional expectations. Codes of ethics inform both nurses and society of the primary goals and values of the profession.

Legally speaking, how would the nurse ensure that care was not negligent?

Documenting the nursing actions in the client's record Feedback:Legally speaking, a nursing action not documented in the client's record is a nursing action not performed. Unless the record contains written (not verbal, tape-recorded, or in private notes) documentation of care provided, the court would have no reason to accept a nurse's claim that the care was given.

A nurse is providing oral care to a client with dentures. What action would the nurse perform first?

Don gloves. Feedback:When providing oral care and denture care, the nurse would be exposed to body fluids. The nurse should always don gloves if exposure to body fluids will occur.

Which nursing actions could result in malpractice litigation? Select all that apply. Hint: There are 3 correct answers.

Forgetting to document an admission assessment Witnessing a nurse break sterile field during a foley catheter insertion, and avoiding mentioning it because the nurse is your preceptor Receiving a call regarding a critically low potassium level, and telling the doctor about it when the patient experiences cardiac arrest seven hours later.

A client is admitted to the health care facility with a diagnosis of pediculosis capitis. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the client?

Inflammation related to bites along the hairline Feedback:The nurse would find inflamed bites along the hairline in the client with pediculosis infestation. Diffuse scaling of the epidermis with itching and flaking of whitish scales is seen in clients who have dandruff. Hair loss is not a manifestation of pediculosis capitis.

A nurse working in a long-term care facility has an older adult male client who is very confused. Which ethical dilemma is posed when using restraints in a long-term care setting?

It threatens autonomy. Feedback:Because there are safety risks involved when using restraints on older adult clients who display confusion, this is a common ethical problem in long-term care settings, as well as other health care settings. Restraints limit the individual's autonomy because they are perceived as imprisonment. Restraints should not limit personal safety. Often, restraints increase confusion, and they prevent self-directed care.

A mother always thanks clerks at the grocery store. Her daughter, age 6 years, echoes her thank you. The child is demonstrating what mode of value transmission?

Modeling Feedback:Through modeling, children learn of high or low value by observing parents, peers, and significant others. Modeling can thus lead to socially acceptable or unacceptable behaviors. Children whose caregivers use the moralizing mode of value transmission are taught a complete value system by parents or an institution (e.g., church or school) that allows little opportunity for them to weigh different values. Through rewarding and punishing, children are rewarded for demonstrating values held by parents and punished for demonstrating unacceptable values. Caregivers who follow the responsible-choice mode of value transmission encourage children to explore competing values and to weigh their consequences.

What statement most accurately describes Florence Nightingale's influence on nursing knowledge?

Nightingale differentiated between health nursing and illness nursing. Feedback:Nightingale influenced nursing knowledge and practice by differentiating between health nursing and illness nursing. Nightingale defined nursing practice as separate and distinct from medical practice. Most early schools of nursing established in the United States were adapted from Nightingale's model. There was no planned educational curriculum. Nightingale established a theoretical base (see Notes on Nursing).

Which statements are accurate regarding the concept of caring? Select all that apply. Hint: There are 4 correct answers.

Nursing education, practice, and research are guided by caring. Caring creates a climate for establishing a commitment to healing. Caring is being sensitive to self and others. There is no universally accepted definition of caring. Caring is limited to providing for physical needs.

Which group of terms best describes the nursing process?

Patient-centered, systematic, outcome-oriented Feedback:The nursing process is a patient-centered, systematic, outcome-oriented method of caring that provides a framework for nursing practice. It is nursing practice in action.

A client is suing a nurse for malpractice. What is the term for the person bringing suit?

Plaintiff Feedback:A lawsuit is a legal action in a court. Litigation is the process of bringing and trying a lawsuit. The person or government bringing suit against another is called the plaintiff. The one being accused of a crime or tort (defined later) is called the defendant. The defendant is presumed innocent until proved guilty of a crime or tort.

One step in implementing evidence-based practice is to ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention. The most common method is the PICO format. Which of the following accurately defines the letters in the PICO acronym?

Population Feedback:P = patient, population, or problem of interest, I = intervention of interest, C = comparison of interest, and O = outcome of interest

The nurse is planning to bathe a client who has thigh-high antiembolism stockings in place. Which of the following actions is correct?

Remove the antiembolism stockings during the bath. Feedback:Antiembolism stockings should be removed periodically to allow for assessment.

After reviewing several research articles, the clinical nurse specialist on a medical surgical unit rewrites the procedure on assessing placement of a nasogastric tube. What source of nursing knowledge did the nurse use in this situation?

Scientific knowledge Feedback:The clinical nurse specialist utilized scientific knowledge, which is gained through the research-based scientific method. Philosophical knowledge is not a source of nursing knowledge, but is a type of general knowledge. Authoritative knowledge comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based upon the person's perceived expertise. Traditional knowledge is that part of nursing practice passed down from generation to generation and is not based upon scientific inquiry.

After completing an assessment of a client, which data would the nurse determine is the priority for care?

Severe bleeding from a wound Feedback:The client's problem is considered to be of high priority if it is life threatening, requires more intervention time, and has serious consequences. The severe bleeding from a wound would be the highest priority. The client's history of asthma, diabetes, and lack of family support may be important but the bleeding is the priority.

The nurse is preparing to provide hygiene to a middle-aged male client who practices Christianity. The client told the nurse that he had his bath yesterday and does not need a bath today. What factors may be the reasons the client declined the bath? Select all that apply. Hint: There are 3 correct answers. Culture Personal preferences Gender Spiritual practices Health status

Spiritual practices Health status Personal preferences

Which accreditation is a legal requirement for a school of nursing to exist?

State Board of Nursing accreditation Feedback:State laws are enacted to ensure that schools preparing nursing practitioners maintain minimum standards of education. This is legal accreditation. Accreditation by voluntary agencies is not required for a school to exist. State Board of Nursing accreditation

The nurse is providing care to a group of clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which clients are at an increased risk for problems with the oral cavity? Select all that apply. Hint: There are 4 correct answers

The client undergoing chemotherapy The client who is in a coma An elderly client who is confused A client who has depression Feedback:Clients at increased risk for oral problems include those who are seriously ill, comatose, dehydrated, confused, depressed, or paralyzed. The client who has an elevated blood pressure is not at increased risk for oral problems.

The home health nurse is providing care to a number of clients. Which client assessed by the nurse will require hospitalization related to complications associated with the feet?

The client with peripheral vascular disease Feedback:Foot problems, particularly common in people with diabetes mellitus and peripheral vascular disease, often require hospitalization. Clients who have osteoporosis, asthma, and diabetes insipidus do not have an increased incidence of foot problems as a result of their disease.

Which aspect of nursing would be most likely defined by legislation at a state level?

The differences in the scope of practice between registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs). Feedback:The scope of practice defines the parameters within which nurses provide care, and is established by state legislation, most commonly in the form of a Nurse Practice Act. The criteria and due process for delegation in the clinical setting is addressed by a state board of nursing. Qualification criteria for programs such as Medicare and Medicaid are established by federal legislation, while the process for safe and appropriate medication administration is defined and monitored by a state board of nursing.

A client nearing the end of life requests that he be given no food or fluids. The physician orders the insertion of a nasogastric tube to feed the client. What situation does this create for the nurse providing care?

The nurse faces an ethical dilemma about inconsistent courses of action. Feedback:In an ethical dilemma, two or more clear moral principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action. In this case, the nurse must decide what to do based on ethical decision making and take action that can be justified ethically based on that process.

A group of nurse researchers has proposed a study to examine the efficacy of a new wound care product. Which aspect of the methodology demonstrates that the nurses are attempting to maintain the ethical principle of nonmaleficence?

The nurses are taking every reasonable measure to ensure that no participants experience impaired wound healing as a result of the study intervention. Feedback:The principle of nonmaleficence dictates that nurses avoid causing harm. In this study, this may appear in the form of taking measures to ensure that the intervention will not cause more harm than good. The principle of justice addresses the distribution of risks and benefits. The informed consent process demonstrates that autonomy is being protected. Preliminary indications of the therapeutic value of the intervention show a respect for the principle of beneficence.

A client gets out of bed following hip surgery, falls, and re-injures her hip. The nurse caring for her knows that it is her duty to make sure an incident report is filed. Which statement accurately describes the correct procedure for filing an incident report?

The report should contain all the variables related to the incident. Feedback:An incident report, also called a variance or occurrence report, is used by health care agencies to document the occurrence of anything out of the ordinary that results in, or has the potential to result in, harm to a client, employee, or visitor. The nurse responsible for a potentially (or actually) harmful incident or who witnesses an injury is the one who fills out the incident form. This form should contain the complete name of the person or people involved and the names of all witnesses; a complete factual account of the incident; the date, time, and place of the incident; pertinent characteristics of the person or people involved (e.g., alert, ambulatory, asleep) and of any equipment or resources being used; and any other variables believed to be important to the incident. These reports are used for quality improvement and should not be used for disciplinary action against staff members. The physician should be called to reassess the client and provide additional orders for care. The physician does not fill out the form.

During a clinical placement on a subacute, geriatric medicine unit, a student nurse fed a stroke client some beef broth, despite the fact that the client's diet was restricted to thickened fluids. As a result, the client aspirated and developed pneumonia. Which statement underlies the student's potential liability in this situation?

The same standards of care that apply to a registered nurse apply to the student. Feedback:Despite the fact that their knowledge and skills are still under development, nursing students are held to the same standards of care as registered nurses. Consequently, primary liability does not lie with the student's instructor or the client's primary nurse. Insurance may be carried by the school of nursing, but this does not negate the student's legal responsibility to provide care at a high standard.

Why are the developmental theories important to nursing practice?

They outline the process of human growth and development Feedback:Developmental theories outline the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death. Nurses apply this knowledge to develop interventions for people across the life span. Systems theory, adaptation theories, and legal/ethical care are also important to nursing, but these do not explain the importance of human growth and development in nursing care.

The practice of changing patients' bedclothes each day in acute care settings is an example of what type of knowledge?

Traditional Feedback:Changing bedclothes daily in acute care settings is an example of traditional knowledge. The practice is not based on research findings, but is rather a part of nursing practice passed down from generation to generation.

A nurse in a physician's office has noted on several occasions that one of the physicians frequently obtains controlled-drug prescription forms for prescription writing. The physician reports that his wife has chronic back pain and requires pain medication. One day the nurse enters the physician's office and sees him take a pill out of a bottle. The doctor mentions that he suffers from migraines and that his wife's pain medication alleviates the pain. What type of nurse-physician ethical situation is illustrated in this scenario?

Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal physician practice Feedback:The physician is demonstrating unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal physician practice. Claims of loyalty and conflicts regarding the nurse's role are not included in this situation. There is no disagreement with the medical regime as the physician is not supporting his wife to obtain prescriptions from a different provider.

On the first postoperative day, the client is assisted to the bathroom. It is important for the nurse to:

assess the client's safety. Feedback:Toileting often is associated with falls; the nurse must ensure the client's safety.

In what way can a nurse differentiate strong research from poor research?

by critiquing the study Feedback:Nurses must have a working knowledge of research methods, and basic ability to read for application and to critique research.

Self-evaluation is a method that nurses use to promote their own development, and to grow in confidence in their nursing roles. This process is referred to as: reflective practice.

reflective practice. Feedback:Reflective practice is the use of self-evaluation by nurses committed to quality nursing practice. The others may be additional gains but are not descriptive of self-evaluation.

A client with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer has been presented with her treatment options, but wishes to defer any decisions to her uncle, who acts in the role of a family patriarch within the client's culture. The client's right to self-determination is best protected by:

respecting the client's desire to have the uncle make choices on her behalf. Feedback:The right to self-determination (autonomy) means that it should never be forced on anyone. The client has the autonomous right to defer her decision-making to another individual if she freely chooses to do so.

A client who has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of a gastrointestinal bleed requires a transfusion of packed red blood cells. Which aspect of the nurse's execution of this order demonstrates technical skill?

starting a new, large-gauge intravenous site on the client, and priming the infusion tubing Feedback:Performing tasks that require manual dexterity is a manifestation of technical skills. Explaining the transfusion process is largely dependent on interpersonal skills, while understanding the theory behind blood types is indicative of cognitive skills. Informed consent lies within the domain of legal/ethical skills.

Nursing is a profession in a rapidly changing health care environment. What is the most important reason for the nurse to develop critical thinking and clinical reasoning?

to provide quality care with nursing ability and knowledge Feedback:The goal of all nursing is to meet the standard of quality care. Clinical reasoning and critical thinking may be applied in all of the answers but the most important goal in health care is to provide quality nursing care to clients.

Which of the following terms is part of quantitative research?

variable Feedback:Quantitative research analyzes numbers to examine the relationship or effects between and among variables (something that varies and has different values that can be measured). Process, concept, and ethnography are associated with qualitative research.

Nursing research is linked most closely to:

nursing process. Feedback:Many similarities are found between the formalized research process and the nursing process format that is an integral part of nursing education.

The client suffered cardiac arrest, was resuscitated, and has now been on a ventilator for several days. The client had a written advance directive, which the spouse brought from home. The primary care provider (PCP) is encouraging the spouse to consent for placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube, which is contrary to the client's advance directive. After the PCP leaves, the spouse states, "I wish I knew what my spouse wanted." What is the best reply by the nurse?

"The spouse did tell you in the advance directive." Feedback:The client has an advance directive in which the spouse's wishes are expressed for certain situations. The nurse directs the spouse to that document to adhere to the client's wishes when the spouse can no longer express his or her wishes. The other options either ignore the advance directive or places the spouse in a conflicting situation without appropriate guidance.

The nursing student uses evidence-based practice findings in the development of a care plan. This is an example of which type of nursing skill?

Cognitive Skills Feedback:The student is demonstrating the use of cognitive skills, which are characterized by identifying scientific rationales for the client's plan of care, selecting nursing interventions that are most likely to yield the desired outcomes, and using critical thinking to solve problems. Technical skills focus on manipulating equipment skillfully to produce a desired outcome. Interpersonal skills are used to establish and maintain a caring relationship. Ethically and legally skilled nurses conduct themselves in a manner consistent with their personal moral code and professional role responsibilities.

Which is the nurse's best legal safeguard?

Competent practice Feedback:Competent practice is the nurse's most important and best legal safeguard. Each nurse is responsible for making sure her educational background and clinical experience are adequate to fulfill the nursing responsibilities laid out in the job description. Collective bargaining, written or implied contracts, and/or client education do not provide the best legal safeguard.

A nurse explains the informed consent form to a client who is scheduled for heart bypass surgery. Which of the following are elements of this consent form? Select all that apply. Hint: There are 3 correct answers

Comprehension Disclosure Competence Feedback:Every person is granted freedom from bodily contact by another person, unless consent is granted. In all health care agencies, informed and voluntary consent is needed for admission (for routine treatment), for each specialized diagnostic procedure or medical or surgical treatment, and for any experimental treatments or procedures. Elements of informed consent include disclosure, comprehension, competence, and voluntariness.

A student nurse is working in the library on her plan of care for a clinical assignment. The client's name is written at the top of her plan. Which ethical responsibility is the student violating?

Confidentiality Feedback:The student is violating confidentiality. Confidentiality is violated when clients are identified by name on written documents available to those who are not directly responsible for their care. Accountability is responsibility as providing the plan of care by the nursing student. Trust is assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something. The client can trust the nursing student to deliver the plan of care. Informed consent is the permission granted in the knowledge of the possible consequences. An informed consent is usually provided by the surgeon to a client needing surgery.

Which of the following modes of value transmission is most likely to lead to confusion and conflict?

Laissez-faire Feedback:Those who use the laissez-faire approach for value transmission leave children to explore values on their own (no one set of values is presented as best for all) and to develop a personal value system. This approach often involves little or no guidance and can lead to confusion and conflict.

Which client would be at greatest risk for injury to the skin and mucous membranes?

Man 77 years of age with diabetes Feedback:Resistance to injury of the skin and mucous membranes varies among people. Factors influencing resistance include the person's age, the amount of underlying tissue, and illness conditions. In this question, the older man with diabetes would be most at risk.

The student nurse is desiring to adopt the behaviors of a professional nurse. What are attributes of a professional nurse? Select all that apply. Hint: There are 4 correct answers.

Motivated to provide the best of her abilities Accepts responsibility for one's actions Willing to learn from clients Aware of how beliefs and values influence others Feedback:Attributes of a professional nurse include the willingness to learn from clients, awareness of how belief and values influence others, motivation to provide the best of one's abilities, and accepting responsibility for one's own actions. The professional nurse is an advocate for all clients and believes all clients are deserving of the nurse's care.

The nurse assists the client to the bathroom sink to perform morning care. The nurse observes the client wash his face, arms, abdomen, and legs. The nurse washes the client's back and rectal area and applies soap to the back. The client brushes his teeth and ambulates to a chair in his room with assistance. How will the nurse describe the morning care on the client's chart?

Partial care Feedback:Morning care is categorized as self-care, partial care, or complete care. Clients identified as partial care most often receive morning care at the bedside, or seated near the sink in the bathroom. They usually require assistance with body areas that are difficult to reach. Clients identified as self-care are capable of managing their personal hygiene independently once oriented to the bathroom. Clients identified as complete care require nursing assistance with all aspects of personal hygiene. In additional to scheduled care, the nurse will offer care as needed.

While conducting an oral assessment, a nurse notices the client's gums are red and swollen, some teeth are loose, and blood and yellow exudate can be expressed when the gums are palpated. What condition do these symptoms indicate?

Periodontitis Feedback:Periodontitis is a marked inflammation of the gums that also involves degeneration of the dental periosteum (tissues) and bone. Symptoms include bleeding gums; swollen, red, painful gum tissues; receding gum lines with the formation of pockets between the teeth and gums; yellow exudate (pus) that appears when gums are pressed; and loose teeth. Plaque is a soft, sticky film that builds up on the teeth and contains millions of bacteria. Halitosis is bad breath. Caries is decay and crumbling of a tooth or bone.

As a beginning student in nursing, what is essential to the mastery of technical skills, such as giving an injection?

Practice giving injections in the learning laboratory until comfortable doing it. Feedback:Before attempting to perform a technical skill with or on a client, it is necessary for the nurse to practice that skill until they feel confident in doing it. Practicing the skill in the learning laboratory is recommended prior to performing the skill on a client. Telling the instructor that they don't think they can give an injection is not appropriate as nurses are expected to perform a variety of skills in the healthcare setting. The nurse should not pretend they know what to do if they do not feel comfortable performing the skill. Reading the steps for the injection process should be completed prior to practicing the skill in the learning laboratory and before administering an injection to a client.

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) develop quality and safety competency categories. What are the quality and safety competency categories that students are encouraged to develop during prelicensure education? Select all that apply. Hint: There are 4 correct answers.

Quality improvement Patient-centered care Teamwork and collaboration Evidence-based practice Feedback:QSEN has identified quality and safety competency categories for education. In prelicensure nursing programs, students learn using the quality and safety competency categories of patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, and quality improvement. Nursing process and therapeutic communication were not identified as quality and safety competency categories.

A nurse has taken a telephone order from a physician for an emergency medication. The dose of the medication is abnormally high. What should the nurse do next?

Question the order for the medication. Feedback:The nurse should question any physician order that is ambiguous, contraindicated by normal practice (such as an abnormally high medication dose), or contraindicated by the client's present condition. The nurse should not administer the medication, refuse to administer the medication without contacting the physician, or document concerns about the order without doing anything further.

A nurse is providing client care in a hospital setting. Who has full legal responsibility and accountability for the nurse's actions?

The nurse Feedback:In modern practice, nurses assess and diagnose clients and plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care. Full legal responsibility and accountability for these nursing actions rest with the nurse.

What care should the nurse take when providing foot care for a client with peripheral vascular disease? Select all that apply. Hint: There are 3 correct answers.

Use an emery board to file toe nail edges. Avoid cutting into calluses. Cut the nails straight across. Feedback:The nurse caring for the client with peripheral vascular disease should use an emery board to file nail edges. These clients may have thick, distorted nails that may be difficult to cut, but can be safely filed. The nurse should avoid cutting the nails too short or cutting into calluses to prevent trauma. The nurse should cut the nails straight across if possible, and cut in a few small pieces (rather than one piece) to prevent injury or skin breakdown.

Which interpersonal skill is essential to the practice of nursing?

promoting the dignity and respect of clients as people Feedback:Characteristics of interpersonal caring that are essential to the practice of nursing include promoting the dignity and respect of clients as people, the centrality of the caring relationship, and a mutual enrichment of both participants in the nurse-client relationship.

A nursing instructor is teaching a class about ethical principles to a group of nursing students. The instructor determines that the education was successful when the students give what as an example of nonmaleficence?

protecting clients from a chemically impaired practitioner Feedback:Protecting clients from a chemically impaired practitioner is an appropriate example of nonmaleficence. Nonmaleficence means to avoid doing harm, to remove from harm, and to prevent harm. Performing dressing changes to promote wound healing, providing emotional support to clients who are anxious, and administering pain medications to a client in pain are examples of beneficence, which means doing or promoting good.

A nurse researcher decides to conduct a qualitative research study. The researcher would be involved with:

real world data collection. Feedback:Qualitative research strives for an understanding of the whole and requires the researcher to become the instrument as data is collected in the real-world, naturalistic setting. Numerical data, cause and effect and control of personal biases are key aspects of quantitative research.