Exam #3: Oral & Esophageal Pathology

What are rapid/irregular wear and dental fractures called?

Attrition

Secondary dysplasia is often seen in puppies infected with _________ and cattle infected with ________

CDV BVDV

What is CUPS and how does it affect canines?

Canine Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis Ulcers on the mucosae which come into contact with teeth "kissing ulcers". Profound lymphocytic-plasmacytic stomatitis

Describe the pathogenesis of uremic glossitis. What is the difference between this disease in Carnivores vs Herbivores?

Carnivores: create BUN causing uremia -> vascular damage/vasculitis -> thrombosis -> ischemia -> infarction -BUN is toxic to VESSELS Herbivores: create urea -> GI flora split urea into ammonia -> local caustic effects -ammonia is LOCALLY caustic

Congenital anomalies of the oral cavity include:

Cleft palate Anomalies of the jaw growth (agnathia, Brachygnathia) Epitheliogenesis imperfecta Dental Anomalies

What is the most common oral neoplasias in dog? Cats?

Dogs: Melanoma Cats: Squamous cell carcinoma

What is the difference between erosion and ulceration?

Erosion is the loss of 1 or 2 layers of epithelium while ulceration is the loss of all layers down to the basement membrane

Cats are susceptible to immune mediated inflammation adjacent to the molars and premolars of the causal oral mucosa. This often results in blood tinged saliva and halitosis

Feline Plasmacytic Stomatitis This has no correlation with any virus (possibly calicivirus)

Focal/multifocal necrosis following ulceration due to trauma

Fusobacterium necrophorum Necrobacillosis

Proliferation of the gingival tissue, most common in brachycephalic breeds

Gingival hyperplasia

Reptiles under stress are at risk for contracting _______ due to their inability to keep bacteria which are normally present in the mouth in check.

Infectious stomatitis Mouth Rot

Wry nose is also known as

Lateral deviation of the rostral maxilla

This neoplasia is the most common in dogs under 2 years of age and is typically solitary in nature. These may regress spontaneously with long lasting immunity

Papilloma

Overgrowth of periodontal ligament, grow very large but not very aggressive. Do not cause bony reactions

Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma (Epulis)

What is the difference between Primary and Secondary dysplasia of tooth development?

Primary - failure of development, supernumerary teeth, dentigerous cysts Secondary - segmental enamel hypoplasia (typically caused by CDV in puppies)

Inflammation of the oral cavity is known as

Stomatitis

What is the MoA of viral stomatitis?

Virus infects epithelial cells causing vesicles -> rupture

Malocclusion

abnormal positioning of teeth (prognathia, brachygnathia)

Anomalies of the jaw include (3):

agnathia (absence of jaws) brachygnathia (shortened jaws) prognathia(prolonged jaws)

What is the cause of death in animals born with secondary cleft palate?

aspiration pneumonia

Cleft palate can be caused by

genetics, nutritional, drugs, viruses, toxins

What is the pathogenesis of periodontal disease?

inflammation at gingival crevice -> recession of gingiva -> destruction of periodontal ligament -> tooth loosening

Virus which infects underlying vasculature

ischemic necrosis

What is the difference between maxillary brachygnathia and brachygnathia inferior?

maxillary brachygnathia- shortened maxilla brachygnathia inferior- shortened mandible

Viral infection of epithelium results in

oncotic necrosis

Brachygnathia inferior is also known as

parrot mouth

What is the major concern for animals which are born with parrot mouth?

teeth malocclusion and regular dental care

The following disease are seen in what organ? Hair Tongue Candidiasis Eosinophillic granuloma Uremic Glossitis What species are each most common in?

the tongue HT - pigs EG - cats UG - dogs/cats (often secondary to vasculitis)

Stomatitis due to bite wounds, chemical burns, electrocution and trauma is known as....

traumatic, physical or chemical stomatitis

Which conditions require monitoring of oral health and lesions and may suggest the presence of systemic disease?

-Ictrerus -Anemia -Cyanosis (Blue Tongue) -Uremia (ulcerations)

Bacterial Stomatitis is caused by what 4 organisms? What are their common names?

1) Actinomyces - lumpy jaw 2) Actinobacillus - wooden tongue 3) Necrobacillosis - calf diptheria 4) Infectious stomatitis - mouth rot

Vesicular stomatids can be caused by what 4 viral causes?

1) Foot and mouth dz 2) Vesicular stomatitis 3) Swine vesicular disease 4) Vesicular exanthema Feline calicivirus

Cleft palate can manifest in what 2 varieties?

1) Primary or chelioschisis (lips) 2) Secondary (palatine processes)

Malocclusion can result from 2 mechanisms:

1) abnormal tooth eruption 2) absence of wear mechanics

Inflammation of each organ is known as: 1) lips 2) tongue 3) gums 4) teeth 5) pharynx 6) tonsils 7) cheek mucosa

1) chelitis 2) glossitis 3) gingivitis 4) pulpitis (vascular) / odontistis (tooth) / periodontitis 5) pharyngitis 6) tonsilitis 7) labial and buccal mucositis

Locally invasive. Involves the bone!

Acanthomatous ameloblastoma

Yellow granules that exude from ulcerations. Granulomas are characteristic of this disease process

Actinobacillus lingiersii Wooden Tongue

Lumpy jaw, caused by ___________ is a bacteria normally found in the mouth which invades penetrating wounds resulting in _______

Actinomyces bovis destruction of bone and pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis