Exam 3 Pharmacology
A nurse is preparing to administer cefepime 1g in 5% dextrose in water (D5W) 50 mL over 30 min to a client who has pneumonia. The drop factor of the manual IV tubing is 15 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Fill in the blank with the numeric value only, round to the nearest whole number, and use a leading zero if applicable. Do not use a trailing zero.
25 gtt/min (15gtt/30min) x 50mL
A nurse is providing teaching to a client with hypertension and type 1 diabetes mellitus who has a new prescription for metoprolol. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I might have difficulty recognizing when my blood sugar is low." B. "I will have a lower risk of developing an infection while I take this medication." C. "I should be concerned about losing excess weight while I take this D. " I could have more problems with hig
A. "I might have difficulty recognizing when my blood sugar is low." Metoprolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to treat hypertension. Because it decreases the heart rate, this common manifestation of hypoglycemia can be masked, and hypoglycemia might become more difficult to recognize. The client should be taught to recognize hypoglycemia by other manifestations such as hunger, nausea, and sweating - Beta blocker decreases SNS effects - BB decrease HR & BP & and are bronco-constrictors
A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis and is receiving interferon beta-1a. The nurse should identify that which of the following client statements indicates a potential adverse effect of this medication? A. " My body aches all over" B. "I have abdominal cramping" C. " My hair seems to be thinning" D. "It hurst when I urinate"
A. "My body aches all over" The adverse effects of interferon beta-1a can include flu-like symptoms such as general body and muscle aches.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client with a seizure disorder who has a new prescription for carbamazepine. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "This medication will decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives" B. "Once you are seizure-free for a month, you will be able to stop taking the medication." C. "You can cut the dose in half if gastrointestinal upset occurs." D. "This medication might initially increase the frequency of
A. "This medication will decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives" Effectiveness of Oral contraceptives are decreased by: 1. Carbamazepines (anticonvulsants) 2. Phenobarbitals (CNS depressants) 3. Antibiotics 4. St. John's Wort
nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an acute gout attack. The nurse should anticipate a prescription from the provider for which of the following medications? A. Naproxen B. Pegloticase C. Probenecid D. Allopurinol
A. Naproxen The nurse should anticipate that the provider will prescribe an NSAID such as naproxen. This type of medication is recommended as the first choice of treatment for relieving the manifestations of an acute gout attack Allopurinol is the medication of choice for clients who have chronic tophaceous gout. Allopurinol acts by lowering uric acid levels in the blood and reducing the development of new tophus formation, which are nodular masses created as a result of increased uric acid levels producing uric crystals. However, this medication is not used for the treatment of an acute gout attack
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is requesting a prescription for sildenafil citrate. Which of the following data in the client;s record should the nurse identify as a contraindications to the use of this medication? A. Diabetes mellitus B. Current use of isosorbide to treat heart failure C. Eyeglasses for presbyopia D. Osteoarthritis
B. Current use isosorbide to treat heart failure Taking any nitrates such as isosorbide and nitroglycerin is a contraindication for sildenafil, a medication that treats erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Taking it concurrently with nitrates can cause life-threatening hypotension
A nurse is assigned to care for several clients who are postoperative. The client taking which of the following medications is at risk of delayed wound healing? A. Nifedipine to treat hypertension B. Prednisone to treat persistent arthritis exacerbations C. Albuterol to treat asthma D. Chlorpromazine to treat schizophrenia
B. Prednisone to treat persistent arthritis exacerbations Prednisone is a corticosteroid that is associated with delayed wound healing. Clients who have arthritis often require high doses of prednisone to help resolve exacerbations. It's a glucocorticoid (steroid with lots of sugar) - decreases inflammation and suppresses immune system - SE: hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, increased risk for infection - Interactions with NSAIDs - Nursing considerations: monitor for infection, PUD, and DO NOT stop abruptly, must taper off
A nurse is teaching a client who had kidney transplant surgery about immunosuppressive medications. Which of the following adverse effects of these medications should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Increased urinary output B. Increased susceptibility to infection C. Increased hair loss D. Increased risk of autoimmune disorders
Correct Answer: B. Increased susceptibility to infection Immunosuppressive medications such as cyclosporine increase the risk of infection. As the medication classification indicates, these medication impair immunity and adversely affect the client's ability to resist and fight infection
A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and is prescribed dobutamine hydrochloride by continuous IV infusion. The nurse should identify that which of the following is the therapeutic effects? A. Improves oxygen saturation B. Decreases elevated blood pressure C. Reduces heart rate D. Improves cardiac output
Correct Answer: D. Improves cardiac output The nurse should identify that dobutamine is a vasopressor that improves cardiac output and hemodynamic status in clients. Adrenergic agonist = SNS effects - increased BP - increase HR - increase CO Stimulates beta 1 receptors (heart) SE: HTN, arrhythmias, angina
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is scheduled to start taking hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. The nurse instructs the client to eat food that are rich in potassium. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "This medication will not work unless I have enough potassium." B. "Potassium will increase the therapeutic effect of my blood pressure medication." C. "Potassium will lower my blood pressure." D. "This med
D. "This medication can cause a loss of potassium." Hydrochlorothiazide can result in hypokalemia caused by excessive potassium excretion from the kidneys. The client should supplement his diet with potassium-rich foods to avoid the occurrence of hypokalemia. Foods that are high in potassium include bananas, raisins, baked potatoes, pumpkin, and milk.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for a combination oral contraceptive (OC) that uses a 28-day cycle. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "If you miss a pill, take the missed pill with your next dose" B. "If you miss 2 pills during the second and third week, discard the inactive placebo pills and begin a new pack" C. "If you miss 3 pills during the second week, take a pill as soon as possible and continue with tour sched
D. "You can miss up to 7 pills with little risk in getting pregnant as long as you have taken the pills regularly of the previous 3 weeks." The nurse should instruct this client that up to 7 days can be missed with little or no increase in the chance of getting pregnant, provided that the client took the pills continuously for the past 3 weeks. Incorrect Answers: A. The nurse should include in the teaching that taking additional pills with the next dose after missing individual or multiple doses is not recommended or considered safe. B. With oral contraceptives products that use a 28-day cycle, the client should take 1 pill as soon as possible if 1 or 2 pills are missed during the second or third week. The client should then continue with the active pills in the pack, skipping the placebo pills. C. With oral contraceptive products that use a 28-day cycle, if 3 or more pills are missed during the second or third week, the client should take a pill as soon as possible. The c
A nurse is administering subcutaneous epinephrine for a client who is experiencing anaphylaxis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? A. Hypotension B. Hyperthermia C. Hypoglycemia D. Tachycardia
D. Tachycardia Adverse effects of epinephrine, an adrenergic agonist, can include tachycardia and dysrhythmias due to cardiac stimulation. Incorrect Answers: A. Hypertension is an adverse effect of epinephrine. B. Hyperthermia is not an adverse effect of epinephrine C. Hyperglycemia is an adverse effect of epinephrine - but does not take priority
