exam 3 questions

the two factor theory explains anxiety disorders as arising and persisting through a combination of ___ a. attachment and social learning b. temperament and exposure c. classical and operant conditioning d.modeling and reinforcement

c. classical and operant conditioning

ritualist behavior is ____ in young children a. nonexistent b. uncommon c. common d. difficult observe

c. common

____ are the negative perceptual and attributional types and beliefs associated with depressive symptoms a. depressed thoughts b. cognitive delusions c. depressogenic cognitions d. destructive cognitions

c. depressogenic cognitions

obese children are a risk factor for later ___ disorders a. mood b. anxiety c. eating d. substance

c. eating

the rate of obsessive compulsive disorder in children is ____ the rate of obsessive compulsive disorder in adults a. less than b. more than c. equal to d. more variable

c. equal to

pica is the first and second years of life among otherwise normally developing infants and toddlers is likely due to _____ a. undiagnosed learning disorders b. hunger c. exploration d. underlying depression

c. exploration

which of the following is least likely to be a symptom of mdd? a. significant weight loss or gain b. insomnia c. hyperactivity d. diminished ability to think or concentrate

c. hyperactivity

excessive sleepiness that is displayed as either prolonged sleep episodes or daytime sleep episodes is known as ___ a. insomnia b. narcolepsy c. hypersomnolence disorder d. circadian rhythm sleep disorder

c. hypersomnolence disorder

which of the following is likely to increase the risk of substance abuse? a. parental expectations for abstaining from alcohol b. parental overinvolvment c. inconsistent parenting and poor monitoring d. knowledge about the risks of substance abuse

c. inconsistent parenting and poor monitoring

binge eating typically follows change in ___ a. school routines b. weight gain c. interpersonal stress d. family eating patterns

c. interpersonal stress

which statement about gender differences in relation to eating disorders is true? a. young men with eating disorders generally have different clinical features than young woman b. men show more of a drive for thinness than women c. men show less of preoccupation with food than women d. men place more emphasis on personal attractiveness than women

c. men show less of preoccupation with food than women

children of depressed parents have a higher rate of ___ a. conflict with siblings b. eating disorders c. physical injuries d. sexual abuse

c. physical injuries

which statement about picky eating in young childhood is true? a. over a third of young children are described as picky eaters b. picky eating is more common among boys than girls c. picky eating in young childhood is clearly connected to the later emergence of eating disorders d. picky eating always leads to eating disorders

c. picky eating in young childhood is clearly connected to the later emergence of eating disorders

common symptoms of bp that are present in years preceding an initial manic episode include all the following except _____ A. insomnia B. indecisiveness c. diminished ability to think d. leathery or lack of energy

d. leathery or lack of energy

in comparison to children ho are anxious, children who are depressed display ____ a.more negative affectivity b.less negative affectivity c. more positive affectivity d. less positive affectivity

d. less positive affectivity

In comparison to binge-eating/purging type, individuals with restricting anorexia tend to ___ a. be more impulsive b. have stronger family histories of obesity c. have more labile moods d. lose weight through diet

d. lose weight through diet

which factor has been linked to the development of eating disorders? a. parental supervision b. sexual abuse c. single parent family d. low socioeconomic states

d. low socioeconomic states

_____ has/have been identified as a specific risk factor for an infants eating or feeding disorder a. difficult temperament b. poor metabolic control c. parental psychopathology d. maternal eating disorders

d. maternal eating disorders

regarding bipolar disorder boys display ___ a. more depressed moods than girls b. later onset than girls c. more severity than girls d. more manic behaviors than girls

d. more manic behaviors than girls

which of the following statements relating to bulimia is true? a. anorexia is more common than bulimia b. the dsm5 subdivides bulimia into two types: purging type and restrictive type c. approximately one third of individuals with bulimia engage in purging d. no specific quantity of food constitutes a binge

d. no specific quantity of food constitutes a binge

which statement about childhood cancer is true? A. the onset of cancer in children is slower than adults B. children are often at a more advanced stage of cancer when they are first diagnosed than are adults C. the rarest for of childhood cancer is acute lymphoblastic leukemia D. childhood cancer remains almost 100 fatal

B. children are often at a more advanced stage of cancer when they are first diagnosed than are adults

Unlike adults, children with specific phobias___ A. avoid the feared stimuli B. do not recognize that their fears are extreme and unreasonable C. experience physiological arousal when presented with the feared stimuli D. are more easily treated

B. do not recognize that their fears are extreme and unreasonable

Which of the following statements about DMDD is true? A. it occurs fairly evenly between males and females B. effective courses of treatment for DMDD are unknown C. it has high comorbidity with bp D. it does not have a significant effect on peer relationships

B. effective courses of treatment for DMDD are unknown

a situational specificities phobia would most likely involve a fear of ____ A. heights B. elevators C. illnesses D. injections

B. elevators

children with a behavioral inhibition temperament may be less likely to develop a later anxiety disorder if____ A. their parents protect them from stressful events B. their parents set firm limits that teach them how to cope with stress C. they have older siblings D.their parents ignore their bids for comfort and protection

B. their parents set firm limits that teach them how to cope with stress

children and adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus must monitor their insulin levels carefully because too little insulin can result in ____ and too much insulin can result in _____ A. hypoglycemia; diabetic coma B. blindness; diabetic coma C. diabetic coma; hypoglycemia D.hypoglycemia; blindness

C. diabetic coma; hypoglycemia

which of the following has not been linked to parental adaptation in families where a child suffers from a chronic illness? A. a sense of self efficacy B. cohesive family relationships C. effective use of denial as a coping strategy D. perceive social support

C. effective use of denial as a coping strategy

which of the following is not true regarding differences between boys and girls with chronic illness? A. girls show more symptoms of pain and anxiety than boys do B. girls are more likely to cling cry and seek emotional support C. excessive somatic complaints are associated with emotional disorders in boys D. boys show more symptoms of sensitive to pain

C. excessive somatic complaints are associated with emotional disorders in boys

a common link between depression and eating disorder may be ____ a. high impulsivity b. poor emotion regulation c. excessive anger d. inability to focus

b. poor emotion regulation

about 10% of mothers and fathers suffer sever symptoms of ___ after their child is diagnosed with a chronic illness a. major depressive disorder b. post traumatic stress disorder c. delusional disorder d. panic disorder

b. post traumatic stress disorder

the earlier and mistaken belief that children could not suffer from depression was rooted in ___ a. biological findings b. psychoanalytic theory c. behavioral theory d. cognitive theory

b. psychoanalytic theory

_____ is the most common secondary diagnosis for children with another anxiety disorder a. specific phobia b. social anxiety disorder c. obsessive compulsive disorder d. general anxiety disorder

b. social anxiety disorder

Optimal treatment for encopresis involves ___ a. medical interventions and therapy to address underlying psychological disturbances b. behavioral and medical interventions c. therapy to address underlying psychological disturbances and behavioral interventions d. behavioral interventions alone

b. behavioral and medical interventions

the brain system associated with anxiety is called ___ a. behavioral activation system b. behavioral inhibition system c. behavioral formation system d. hypothalamic system

b. behavioral inhibition system

which diagnosis is a child least likely to receive? a. major depressive disorder b. bipolar I disorder c. bipolar II disorder d. cyclothymic disorder

b. bipolar I disorder

which of the following is not a common dimensions that varies among the different parameters of chronic illnesses? A. it has a stable or improving prognosis B. it involves a physical deformity C. it is severe and life threatening D. it requires intrusive or painful procedure

A. it has a stable or improving prognosis

Females are ___ than males to experience anxiety symptoms A. twice as likely B. less likely C. slightly more likely D.equally likely

A. twice as likely

early onset of feeding disorder is often associated with ___ A. intellectual disability B. parental overemphasis on food C. inadequate care giving D. poor metabolic control

C. inadequate care giving

the most effective current treatment for bulimia is ___ A. insight oriented psychotherapy B. family therapy C. psychopharmacology D. cognitive behavior therapy

D. cognitive behavior therapy

which theory of depression claims that depression is related to a lack of response contingent positive reinforcement? a. psychodynamic b. behavioral c. cognitive d. attachment

b. behavioral

which of the following is not a characteristic of a panic attack? a. intense fear or discomfort b. can least for a few days c. sense of imminent danger d. occur several times a week or month

b. can least for a few days

the lifetime prevalence rate of depression in adolescent is as high as ___ a. 5% b. 7% c. 20% d. 40%

c. 20%

studies have estimated the prevalence of anorexia among adolescents at ____ a. 0.3% b. 2% c. 7% d. 14%

a. 0.3%

the fear of separation from parents is common among children aged ____ a. 1 to 5 b. 3 to 6 c. 6 to 9 d. 8 to 11

a. 1 to 5

Based on ethnicity, ___ students have the highest rate of illicit drug use a. american indian/ alaska natives b. african american c. hispanic d. asian

a. american indian/ alaska natives

by far, most common of these chronic illnesses in us children is ___ a. asthma b. cancers and tumors c. diabetes mellitus d. sickle cell anemia

a. asthma

the most common chronic illness in childhood is ___ a. asthma b. diabetes mellitus c. cystic fibrous d. leukemia

a. asthma

Sleep produces an "uncoupling" of neurobehavioral systems, providing the ___ with a break a. central nervous system b.sympathetic nervous system c. peripheral nervous system d. parasymptahteic nervous sysmte

a. central nervous system

prolonged exposure to ___ as a result of early stress of trauma may have neurotoxic effects on the developing brain a. cortisol b. serotonin c. gaba d. norepinephrine

a. cortisol

findings from twin and adoption studies of anxiety in children and adolescents suggest that the genetic contribution for anxiety ____ a. decreases with age and environmental influences increases b. decreases with age, along with environmental influence c. increases with age and environmental influence decreases d. increases with age, along with environmental influence

a. decreases with age and environmental influences increases

which of the following is not an ocd related disorder? a. germ avoidance disorder b. body dysmorphic disorder c. hoarding disorder d. excoriation

a. germ avoidance disorder

a recent study found that in transition from adolescents to young adulthood, depressive symptoms were highest for which ethnic/ racial groups? a. hispanic and asian b. caucasian and african american c. hispanic and african american d. caucasian and asian

a. hispanic and asian

pica is often seen in individuals with ____ a. intellectual disability b. adhd c. depression d. bulimia

a. intellectual disability

_____ is one of the most common symptoms of depression in children occurring in about 80% of clinic referred youngsters with depression a. irritability b. anger c. grandiosity d. inattention

a. irritability

which of theses diagnostic statements about mdd is false? a. it cannot coexist with a diagnosis of mdd b. associated moods must have an onset prior to age 10 c. it cannot coexist with a diagnosis of odd d. it cannot coexist with a diagnosis of bp

a. it cannot coexist with a diagnosis of mdd

which the following is not a characteristic of anorexia? a. loss of appetite b. fear of gaining weight c. denial of being too thin d. refusal to maintain minimal normal body weight

a. loss of appetite

double depression occurs when ____ a. mdd is superimposed on p-dd b. the symptoms of p-ff last at least two years or longer c. children experience twice the normal symptoms of p-dd d. the symptoms of dmdd occurs simultaneously with those of p-dd

a. mdd is superimposed on p-dd

____ occurs during early to mid childhood and includes nightmares, sleep terror, and sleepwalking a. parasomnia b. narcolepsy c. dyssomnia d. hypersomnia

a. parasomnia

increased functional impairment and poorer ocd outcomes are more likely when ____ a. parents practice accommodation b. parents confront the ocd behaviors of their children head on c. children also experience trichotillomania d. children are not diagnosed with ocd until they are older

a. parents practice accommodation

vomiting is used by people with bulimia to ___ a. prevent weight gain b. avoid bacteria c. gain attention d. act independently

a. prevent weight gain

brain imaging studies in adolescent with bipolar disorder point to abnormalities in parts of the brain that ____ a. regulate emotion b. plan executive functions c. control memory d. regulate sleep patterns

a. regulate emotion

prevalences estimates for major depressive disorder in all children ages 4 to 18 range from ____ a. 0.3 to 1% b. 2 to 8% c. 10 to 15% d. 20 to 25%

b. 2 to 8%

the lifetime prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder is ___ a.1.2% b. 2.2% c. 3.6% d. 6.8%

b. 2.2%

school refusal is equally common in boys and girls it occurs most often between ages of ___ a. 3 and 10 b. 5 and 11 c. 7 and 11 d. 8 and 12

b. 5 and 11

when activated the sympathetic nervous system causes the release of ___ from lands on the kidney a. insulin b. adrenaline c. growth hormone d. testosterone

b. adrenaline

approximately 0% to 75% of growth hormone production occurs ____ a. prenatally b. after the onset of deep sleep c. during adolescence d. when eating

b. after the onset of deep sleep

to be diagnosed with a chronic illness, a child must have the illness for ___ a. at least 1 month b. at least 3 months c. at least 6 months d. at least a year

b. at least 3 months

twin studies suggest that about _____ of the variance in childhood anxiety symptoms is accounted for by genetic influences a. 5% b. 50% c. 30 to 40% d. 80 to 90%

c. 30 to 40%

in comparison to persons with bulimia those with binge eating/purging type of anorexia ____ a. eat the same amount of food but purge more thoroughly b. eat relatively small amounts of food and purge more consistently c. binge only on healthy foods d. purge more inconsistently

b. eat relatively small amounts of food and purge more consistently

the single best predictor of a childs risk for major depressive disorder is ____ a. drug use b. family history of depression c. psychosocial problems d. academic problems

b. family history of depression

which of the following regarding bipolar disorder in young people is false? a. manic episodes in their fully developed states are clearly different usually behavior b. girls are more commonly diagnosed with bipolar disorder than boys c. bipolar disorder is extremely rare in young children d. rates of bipolar disorder are higher in clinical samples

b. girls are more commonly diagnosed with bipolar disorder than boys

what is one of the main features separating early onset old and later onset? a. individuals in early onset are more likely to be females b. individuals in early onset are more likely to be males c. individuals in early onset are more likely to have learning disorders d. individuals with early onset are more likely to be from wealthy families

b. individuals in early onset are more likely to be males

the dsm5 specifics two subtypes of anorexia based on ___ a. percentage of weight loss b. methods used to limit caloric intake c. presence or absence of comorbid depression d. family dynamics

b. methods used to limit caloric intake

which of the following would most likely be used as treatment for an adolescent diagnosed with an SUD? a. cognitive therapy b. multi systemic therapy c. peer therapy d. psychoanalytic therapy

b. multi systemic therapy

____ is a group of physical symptoms of the fight/ flight response that unexpectedly occur in the absence of any obvious threat of danger a. anxiety b. panic c. fear d. worry

b. panic

when symptoms of depressed mood occur for most of the day, on most days, and persist for at least one year, that is known as ____ a. major depressive disorder - mdd b. persisten depressive disorder- p-dd c. chronic depressive symptoms disorder - cdsd d. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder - dmdd

b. persisten depressive disorder- p-dd

somatic symptom and related disorders are best described as ___ a. medical conditions that are exacerbated by stress b. physical symptoms of a medical condition without organic evidence c. the conscious feigning of an illness for attention or secondary gain d. disorders of elimination - enuresis and encopresis

b. physical symptoms of a medical condition without organic evidence

the parenting style most often associated with anxiety disorders in children is one in which parents are overly ___ a. supportive b.controlling c. permissive d. positive

b.controlling

prospective studies of children and adolescents have found that the age of onset for the first depressive episode is usually ____ years a. 4 to 6 b. 7 to 12 c. 13 to 15 d. 16 to 18

c. 13 to 15

according to 2016 data bout what percentage of eighth graders report that they have used alcohol over the past year? a. under 10% b. 10 to 15% c. 15 to 20% d. over 20%

c. 15 to 20%

panic attacks occur in about ___ of adolescents a. 3 to 4% b. 8 to 10% c. 15 to 20% d. 25 to 30%

c. 15 to 20%

the increase in depression in young people has been attributed, at least in part to, a. poorer childhood nutrition leading to disrupted neurological development b. media influences leading children o feel hopeless about the future c. rapid social change leading to increased stress levels for young people d.increased awarenesses of symptoms of depression in youth leading to an increase in the number of children seen in clinics for diagnoses

c. rapid social change leading to increased stress levels for young people

the neurotransmitter that has been focused on as a possible cause of eating disorders is ____ a. dopamine b. gaba c. serotonin d. norepinephrine

c. serotonin

avoidant/ restrictive food intake disorders in childhood are most characterized by ___ a. the eating of nonnutritive substances b. bingeing and purging to lose weight c. significant weight loss d. purposeful regurgitation of food

c. significant weight loss

which symptom interferes with normal youth development of interpersonal relationships? a. sleeplessness b. agitation c. social withdrawal d. somatic complaints

c. social withdrawal

behavioral intervention can help children with diabetes and their families by ____ a. inhibiting physical symptoms b. promoting parent accountability c. teaching self control and monitoring methods d. providing distractions

c. teaching self control and monitoring methods

child psychopathogloy reflects a mix of actual child ___ and the ___ through which others view it in a child's culture a. symptoms; structure b. disorders; focus c.behavior; perspective d. behavior; lens

d. behavior; lens

which disorder has become increasingly widespread during this age of abundance fast food and obesity? a. reduced eating disorder b. bulimia c. anorexia d. binge eating disorder

d. binge eating disorder

the most successful treatments for major depressive disorder is/ are___ a. non directive supportive therapy b. family therapy c. psychoanalytic therapy d. cbt and ipt-a

d. cbt and ipt-a

which of the following poses the greater health hazard to most people in the united states? a. heroin b. codeine c. caffeine d. cigarettes

d. cigarettes

the earlier concept of masked depression was that ___ a. children wear a characteristic mask of depression including downcast eyes and downturned mouth b. depression is difficult to diagnose in children because they mask their feelings with a happy face c. children purposely conceal or mask their depression so as to avoid treatment d. depression could be masked or concealed by a variety of other behaviors and thus any clinical symptom could be evidence of underlying depression

d. depression could be masked or concealed by a variety of other behaviors and thus any clinical symptom could be evidence of underlying depression

the central feature of ____ is chronic sever persistent irritability a. major depressive disorder mdd d. persisten depressive disorder p-dd c. chronic depressive symptoms disorder cdsd d. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder dmdd

d. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder dmdd

which parental behavior would help a child cope most effectively with a painful medical procedure? a. crying b. reassuring c. criticizing d. distracting

d. distracting

behavioral symptoms of anxiety include ___ a. fatigue b. blurred vision c. thoughts of inadequacy d. fidgeting

d. fidgeting

mild binge eating is characterized bu how many episodes of binge eating? a. at least one a day b. four to seven episodes per week c. at least one episode per month d. one to three episodes weekly

d. one to three episodes weekly

the anxiety disorder with the earliest age of onset is ____ a. obsessive - compulsive disorder b. panic disorder c. generalized anxiety disorder d. separation anxiety disorder

d. separation anxiety disorder

one of the most common anxiety disorders of childhood is ___ a. obsessive compulsive disorder- ocd b. panic disorder c. generalized anxiety disorder d. separation anxiety disorder -sad

d. separation anxiety disorder -sad

across all medical conditions the illness parameters that play the most significant role in children's adjustment are ____ a. visible to others, presence of physical deformity, and severity b. intrusiveness and painfulness of treatments, visibility to others, and prognosis c. presence of physical deformity, severity, and functional status d. severity of illness and functional impairment

d. severity of illness and functional impairment

the most effective and long lasting treatment for enuresis is _____ a. desmopressin b. imipramine c. dry bed training d. the urine alarm

d. the urine alarm

what is not a typical characteristics of families of children with depression? a. less warmth b. less support c. poor communication d. underinvolvment

d. underinvolvment