Exam 3 Review

________ is an alternative dispute resolution technique in which a neutral third party informally acts as a communication conduit between the disputing parties. ❏ Ombudsmanship ❏ Facilitation ❏ Conciliation ❏ Mediation ❏ Arbitration

Conciliation

________ is more than a simple difference of opinion. ❏Negotiation ❏Devil's advocacy ❏Conflict ​ ❏Integration ❏Mediation

Conflict

1. Which of the following statements about leadership effectiveness is false​ ​? ❏ You do not need to have a formal position of authority to be a leader. ❏ Researchers have estimated that 50 percent of all managers around the world are incompetent or ineffective. ❏ Leadership effectiveness is partly a function of situational factors. ❏ Demographic characteristics such as gender have no effect on leadership behaviors. ❏ Individual differences significantly impact leadership effectiveness.

Demographic characteristics such as gender have no effect on leadership behaviors.

1. You are a management consultant. An executive from Swell Systems asks you to present a workshop on empowerment to her managers. Which of the following ideas should you include? ❏ Power can be handed to employees who are not prepared without any ill effects. ❏ Power is a zero-sum situation where one person's gain is another's loss. ❏ Social power is limited and requires win-win thinking. ❏ Authoritarian managers have win-win thinking about employee empowerment. ❏ Empowerment is a matter of degree, not an either-or proportion.

Empowerment is a matter of degree, not an either-or proportion.

1. Which of the following statements is true​ ​? ❏ Evidence-based decision making should never be used in making decisions. ❏ Evidence-based decision making should never be used in informing decisions. ❏ Evidence-based decision making should never be used in supporting decisions. ❏ Evidence-based decision making should always be used in supporting decisions. ❏ Evidence-based decision making should sometimes be used in supporting decisions.

Evidence-based decision making should sometimes be used in supporting decisions.

________ is the feeling that your efforts make a difference and affect the organization. ❏ Impact ❏ Meaning ❏ Self-determination ❏ Competence ❏ Significance

Impact

1. Which of the following statements about impression management is false​ ​? ❏ Impression management is generally damaging to careers. ❏ Ingratiation can improve your performance appraisal results. ❏ Ingratiation can make your boss like you more. ❏ Too little impression management can cause you to be overlooked by your boss. ❏ Too much impression management can get you labeled a "phony."

Impression management is generally damaging to careers.

1. It's Monday morning and you know by the end of the week that the performance reviews are going to be given out. You tell your manager that she looks really nice today and want to know where she got her shoes. You also offer to pick her up a cup of coffee during the next break. This is a soft influence tactic, known as ❏ exchange. ❏ coalition tactics. ❏ legitimating tactics. ❏ Ingratiation. ❏ pressure.

Ingratiation.

Which of the following statements about conflict-handling styles is false​ ​? ❏ Organizations can develop a particular conflict-handling style as a part of culture. ❏ Research has shown that particular conflict-handling styles are better for new product development. ❏ Conflict-handling style is related to emotional intelligence. ❏ Integrating is always the best style to use. ❏ No one style is best for every situation.

Integrating is always the best style to use.

1. When a leader is resolving disputes and facilitating communication among subordinates, he or she is engaging in ________ behaviors. ❏ Interaction-facilitation ❏ supportive ❏ value-based ❏ achievement-oriented ❏ path-goal clarifying

Interaction-facilitation

Which of the following tips should be used by managers to reduce personality conflict? ❏Be sure to take sides in others' conflicts. ❏Intervene where possible in others' conflicts; do not let them work things out themselves. ❏Do not attempt informal dispute resolution. ❏Avoid direct communication with someone you are in conflict with. ❏Investigate and document conflict among your own subordinates.

Investigate and document conflict among your own subordinates.

1. Jim is the daytime supervisor for an automobile assembly line. He supervises 45 workers who perform routine jobs that require minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Jim is following the transactional model of leadership? ❏ Jim has a certain idea about how he should behave as a leader and what he should do for his team of workers. ❏ Jim sets goals, monitors progress toward goal achievement, and rewards and punishes people for their level of goal accomplishment. ❏ Jim's leadership skills are most effective when applied to match the characteristics of the situation at hand. ❏ Jim wants to develop a partnership with his team illustrated by reciprocal influence, mutual trust, respect and liking, and a sense of common fates. ❏ Jim likes to provide the guidance and support needed by employees and ties meaningful rewards to completion of objectives.

Jim sets goals, monitors progress toward goal achievement, and rewards and punishes people for their level of goal accomplishment.

________ represent(s) cognitive shortcuts or biases that are used to simplify the process of making decisions. ❏ Normative intuitions ❏ Judgmental heuristics ❏ Holistic hunches ❏ Explicit knowledge ❏ Tacit knowledge

Judgmental heuristics

1. ________ is the use of manipulation, a cynical view of human nature, and a moral code that puts results over principles. ❏ Machiavellianism ​ ❏ Narcissism ❏ Psychopathy ❏ Ethnocentrism ❏ Laissez-faire syndrome

Machiavellianism

1. Which of the following is one of the assumptions underlying nonrational models of decision making? ❏ Managers do not possess complete information. ❏ Rational decision making is easy. ❏ The context for managerial decisions is simple and stable. ❏ Decisions can be made with certainty. ❏ Managers do not face restrictions when making decisions.

Managers do not possess complete information.

1. Which of the following statements about tendencies in managerial decision making is false​ ​? ❏ Managers make decisions too quickly. ❏ Managers don't invest resources to properly study the problem and alternative courses of action. ❏ Managers study the problem too extensively and collect too much data. ❏ Managers take the easy solution without rigorously considering alternatives. ❏ Managers don't consider all the relevant data.

Managers study the problem too extensively and collect too much data

1. Martin is the daytime supervisor for a packaging assembly line. He supervises 38 workers who perform routine jobs that require minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Martin is following the path-goal model of leadership? ❏ Martin has a certain idea about how he should behave as a leader and what he should do for his team of workers. ❏ Martin does not feel like taking responsibility for leading his team because their jobs require minimal training. ❏ Martin's leadership skills are most effective when applied to match the characteristics of the situation at hand. ❏ Martin wants to develop a partnership with his team illustrated by reciprocal influence, mutual trust, respect and liking, and a sense of common fates. ❏ Martin likes to provide the guidance and support needed by employees and ties meaningful rewards to accomplishment of objectives.

Martin likes to provide the guidance and support needed by employees and ties meaningful rewards to accomplishment of objectives.

1. According to research, which of the following statements about men's and women's leadership traits is true​ ​? ❏ Men display more social leadership than women. ❏ Women display more task leadership than men. ❏ Men are more assertive than women. ❏ Men are more autocratic than women. ❏ Women are more autocratic than men

Men are more autocratic than women.

________ is a give-and-take decision-making process involving two or more parties with different preferences. For example, labor-management negotiations over wages, hours, and working conditions. ❏ Arbitration ❏ Conciliation ❏ Conflict ❏ Negotiation ❏ Dialecticism

Negotiation

Despite the information available, Becky consistently uses her cell phone to text when driving down the highway. This is an example of ________ decision making. ❏ rational ❏Nonrational ❏optimizing ❏normative ❏alternative

Nonrational

An example of the ________ heuristic occurs when you see news reports about people losing their jobs, and then start believing that you are in danger of being laid off. You start lying awake in bed each night worrying that you are about to be fired. ❏ availability ❏ hindsight ❏ representativeness ❏ anchoring ❏ framing

Overconfidence

________ bias is especially evident in entrepreneurs who are deciding to start and sustain new ventures. ❏ Representativeness ❏ Overconfidence ❏ Escalation of commitment ❏ Framing ❏ Confirmation

Overconfidence

Which of the following is ​not​ a result of escalation of conflict? -Parties move from heavy to light tactics. ❏The number of issues in dispute grows ❏Issues in dispute move from specific to general ❏The number of parties to the conflict expands ❏The initial goals change.

Parties move from heavy to light tactics.

1. ________ power is the type of influence a person exercises independent of his or her job or position. ❏ Reward ❏ Coercion ❏ Legitimate ❏ Personal ❏ Political

Personal

Which of the following statements about incivility at work is ​false​? ❏Incivility can arise from both individual and organizational sources. ❏Incivility can damage an organization's reputation. ❏Stress is a potential outcome of incivility. ❏Personality is highly unlikely to be a source of incivility.​ ❏Abusive supervision is a form of incivility

Personality is highly unlikely to be a source of incivility.​

________ power is the type of influence a person exercises because of the job he or she holds. ❏ Reward ❏ Personal ❏ Political ❏ Referent ❏ Position

Position

1. Which of the following is not​ an element of etiquette that you should carefully consider and practice? ❏ Carry a portfolio/notepad to the interview. ❏ Extend your hand first when meeting the interviewer. ❏ Provide an uncertain handshake to the interviewer. ❏ Keep your cell phone silenced. ❏ Thank your interviewer for his/her time at the end of the interview.

Provide an uncertain handshake to the interviewer.

1. Carol is a behind-the-scenes kind of person, but everyone wants her on their committee because those committees tend to meet their objectives. Which of the following statements might describe why people want Carol on their committee? ❏ To be a leader, you must have formal authority. ❏ Leadership can only be assessed at the group level. ❏ Leaders must be evaluated at the beginning of a project. ❏ The criteria for assessing leadership effectiveness are always unclear. ❏ You do not need to have a formal position of authority to be a leader.

You do not need to have a formal position of authority to be a leader.

Identifying and modeling appropriate ways for people to interact with colleagues is a(n)________ strategy. ❏work-life ❏antibullying ​ ❏intergroup ❏flex space ❏Groupthink

antibullying

Dr. Hamrick is hired by the ABC Company to hear cases involving grievances of employees of the company. Sometimes evidence is presented and witnesses are called, and decisions are always based on legal merits, and his decisions are binding. This is an example of ❏ arbitration.​ ❏ mediation. ❏ conciliation. ❏ ombudsman. ❏ peer review.

arbitration

1. Trained ________, typically from outside agencies, are versed in relevant laws and case precedents. The parties agree ahead of time to accept the decision of this neutral person in a formal setting, often complete with evidence and witnesses. ❏ mediators ❏ arbitrators ❏facilitators ❏conciliators ❏ombudsmans

arbitrators

1. Fred always announces his decisions at weekly staff meetings. He doesn't waste time asking for employee input because he already knows what he wants to do. This reflects ________, the lowest​ level of empowerment. ❏ power sharing ❏ influence sharing ❏ power distribution ❏ influence distribution ❏ authoritarian power

authoritarian power

The ________ approach attempts to identify the unique ways of acting displayed by effective leaders. ❏ leader prototypes ❏ trait ❏ situational ❏ behavior styles ❏ transformational leadership

behavior styles

1. Meg manages a small nonprofit group that assists abused women. Recently Sarah, one of her employees, notices that Meg has been more focused on getting good press for herself than for the women that she helps. Meg wants to position herself to win the Personal Service Award from the mayor of their community. Sarah thinks they should work toward positioning their group for additional funding. In this case, political tactics that counter Meg's interests will likely ❏ harm the organization. ❏ cause the organization to restructure. ❏ benefit the organization. ❏ harm both Meg and the organization. ❏ help both Meg and the organization.

benefit the organization

The relationship between conflict intensity and performance outcomes can be described as ❏the higher the conflict intensity, the lower the performance. ❏the higher the conflict intensity, the higher the performance. ❏higher conflict intensity is related to moderate performance. ❏both high and low conflict intensity are related to lower performance. ❏conflict intensity is unrelated to performance.

both high and low conflict intensity are related to lower performance.

A psychologically safety________represents a shared belief among team members that it is safe to engage in risky behaviors, such as questioning current practices without retribution or negative consequences. ❏culture ❏social structure ❏climate ❏civil structure ❏organization

climate

1. Alexa, a manager, explains to Harvey that if he is late to work one more time in the next six weeks he will be suspended without pay for a day. Alexa is exercising ________ power. ❏reward ❏coercion ❏ referent ❏ legitimate ❏ Expert

coercion

1. Fiona used an influence tactic on Gerald and got him to enthusiastically agree to her proposal. Gerald demonstrated initiative and persistence while completing the assignment. This is an example of ❏ resistance. ❏ defiance. ❏ hindrance. ❏ compliance. ❏ commitment.

commitment

1. Marcy grudgingly agrees to Herb's proposal and needs a lot of prodding to satisfy the minimum requirements. Marcy is exhibiting ❏ hindrance. ❏ defiance. ❏ commitment. ❏ resistance. ❏ compliance.

compliance

1. Carla tends to take long-term view and rely on discussions with others to acquire information. She has a high tolerance for ambiguity and is oriented toward people and social concerns when making decisions. Which decision-making style does Carla possess? ❏ analytical ❏ conceptual​ ❏ directive ❏ behavioral ❏ consultative

conceptual​

The styles of conflict handling are differentiated along two dimensions: ❏ internal and external. ❏ functional and dysfunctional. ❏ social and cognitive. ❏ perceptual and real. ❏ concern for others and concern for self.

concern for others and concern for self.

1. Using ________ is a way of getting others to participate in planning, making decisions, and changes. ❏ ingratiation ❏ consultation ❏ exchange ❏ coalition tactics ❏ legitimating tactics

consultation

1. In an out-group exchange, a leader is attempting to ❏ inspire followers. ❏ create trust and mutual obligation. ❏ initiate structure. ❏ perform service to others. ❏ create more formality in expectations and rewards.

create more formality in expectations and rewards.

1. In an in-group exchange, a leader is attempting to ❏ inspire followers. ❏ create trust and mutual obligation. ❏ initiate structure. ❏ perform service to others. ❏ create more formality in expectations and rewards.

create trust and mutual obligation.

1. Managers should not use a "one size fits all" approach when linking rewards to ________ behavior. ❏ positive ❏ creative ❏ negative ❏ intrinsic ❏ extrinsic

creative

1. A(n) ________ is a graphical representation of the process underlying decisions. ❏ PERT chart ❏ GANNT chart ❏ decision tree ❏ flowchart ❏ organizational chart

decision tree

1. Diego is a housekeeper at Hotel 365 and has a guest approach him about the TV not working in his room. Diego immediately calls the maintenance department and the TV gets fixed within 10 minutes. Diego even brings the guest a bottle of wine for the trouble. What style of empowerment does Diego's manager appear to exhibit? ❏ Domination ❏ delegation ❏ networking ❏ consultation ❏ participation

delegation

1. Laura is head of ABC Systems. She needs to allocate a fixed amount of funds to various projects. There are two top projects that Laura believes hold the most promise. She decides to arrange a structured debate for the two top proposals. Importantly, the assumptions of each proposal are identified, and a conflicting counterproposal is generated based on a different set of assumptions. Advocates of each position present and debate the merits of their proposal before Laura makes her decision. Which technique is Laura using to help her make a better decision? ❏ dialectic method ❏ negotiation ❏ devil's advocacy ❏ avoidance ❏ Mediation

dialectic method

If a speedy decision is needed, the ________ conflict-handling style is appropriate. ❏ integrating ❏ obliging ❏ avoiding ❏ dominating ❏ compromising

dominating

1. Three years ago, the City of Recker committed to build a park and music venue by the river. It was expected to cost $2.5 million and be paid for from an additional meals tax in the community. The residents pushed back. Local restaurants suffered as people ate out less or patronized restaurants in neighboring communities. The project has stalled, but the town council kept pushing it on. This spring, a flood devastated the venue. The town council appears to have suffered from ________ bias. ❏ confirmation ❏ availability ❏ escalation of commitment ​ ❏ overconfidence ❏ framing

escalation of commitment

1. You are late in the preparation of the computer graphics for your final report and presentation. You run into a friend who is great at computer graphics just as he is heading out of the office at the end of the day and say, "I need your help for my project. If you could come back for two or three hours tonight and help me with these graphics, I will complete those spreadsheets you have been complaining about." Which influence tactic are you using with your friend? ❏ rational persuasion ❏ legitimating tactic ❏ personal appeal ❏ exchange ❏ consultation

exchange

1. To have more effective meetings, managers should ❏ experiment with the numbers and frequencies of meetings held. ❏ allow meetings to go longer than scheduled; schedules are only guidelines. ❏ create a general agenda showing just the time, date, and place of the meeting. ❏ insist that only problems be fully discussed, and possible solutions aired at later meetings. ❏ set general goals for each meeting.

experiment with the numbers and frequencies of meetings held.

1. Which of the following is not an advantage of group decision making? ❏ goal displacement ❏ greater pool of knowledge ❏ different approaches to a problem ❏ greater commitment to a decision ❏ more visible role modeling

goal displacement

The primary intent of Bagley's decision tree model is to ❏ improve rationality in decision making. ❏ assist in conducting evidence-based decision making. ❏ help in making more ethical decisions. ❏ reduce bias in decision making. ❏ increase creativity in decision making.

help in making more ethical decisions.

1. Marianne manages a landscaping company. She supervises 19 people who perform relatively routine jobs that require minimal training. Because she is only the manager, not the owner, Marianne has little latitude when it comes to dismissing poor performers. However, she can move employees to positions where they don't receive tips. Marianne has a reputation for being fair. Although she would like greater autonomy to determine salaries, Marianne generally divides bonuses among her employees. Otherwise, the owner might think she is playing favorites. According to Fiedler's contingency model, how would you characterize the level of situational control in these circumstances? ❏ negligible ❏ low ❏ moderate ❏ high ❏ absolute

high

1. Many organizations, such as Google, Zappos, Salesforce.com, and Etsy, are designing the work environment to encourage casual conversations among employees who don't generally work together. They also are "installing playful prompts, like trivia games, to get workers talking in traditional conversational dead zones, such as elevators." It is thought that ________ demonstrate a form of social support for employees, leading them to put more effort into creative behaviors. ❏ low-performance work systems ❏ high stress work environments ❏ high-performance work systems ❏ independent ❏ low stress work environments

high-performance work systems

Conflict is considered to be dysfunctional when it ❏involves alternative dispute resolution. ❏hinders organizational performance.​ ❏involves the compromising or integrating conflict-handling styles. ❏involves a devil's advocate. ❏involves groupthink.

hinders organizational performance.

1. The forms of intuition are ❏ tacit and explicit. ❏ formal and informal. ❏ rational and nonrational. ❏ holistic hunches and automated experiences. ❏ directive and analytical.

holistic hunches and automated experiences.

1. When a leader is trying to instill pride, respect, and trust within employees, he or she is engaging in ❏ inspirational motivation. ❏ idealized influence. ❏ individualized consideration. ❏ intellectual stimulation. ❏ laissez-faire leadership.

idealized influence.

1. Rachel admires her nursing supervisor, Tracey. Tracey is happy to be working with patients and new nurses every day and connects with the patients so much that they often come back and visit her. She is a great supervisor because she shows trust in her team and respects when they don't understand a procedure where she takes time to use it as a teaching opportunity and demonstrates the procedure. Which behavior of transformational leadership is Tracey demonstrating? ❏ inspirational motivation ❏ idealized influence​ ❏ individualized consideration ❏ intellectual stimulation ❏ transactional leadership

idealized influence​

1. If you are strong at ________, your employees are likely to think that it is right to follow your lead. ❏ political tactics ❏ impression management ❏ influence management ❏ coalition building ❏ consultation

impression management

Evidence is used to ________ a decision whenever the decision process combines hard, objective facts with qualitative inputs, such as intuition or bargaining with stakeholders. ❏ make ❏ process ❏ believe ❏ inform ❏ support

inform

Carl needs a day off from his work. But he is apprehensive that David, his manager, will not grant the leave. Carl knows that David wants to shed a few pounds and has been hitting the gym for the past month. Before asking for the leave, Carl compliments David on his build and physique. It comes as no surprise to Carl that David grants him the leave! What kind of an influence tactic did Carl use? ❏ rational persuasion ❏ coalition tactic ❏ inspirational appeal ❏ ingratiation ❏ consultation

ingratiation

1. Adhere to standards of ________ is a factor to consider in a negotiation. ❏arbitration devil's ❏advocacy ❏justice ❏winning ❏manipulation

justice

1. Which of the following is not​ ​ considered a contingency factor in House's path-goal theory? ❏ employee's need for clarity ❏ employee's need for achievement ❏ task structure ❏ work group dynamics ❏ leader acceptance

leader acceptance

1. In which of the following situations would a leader's situational control be considered low? ❏ leader-member relations good; task structure low; position power weak ❏ leader-member relations good; task structure high; position power weak ❏ leader-member relations poor; task structure high; position power strong ❏ leader-member relations poor; task structure low; position power strong ❏ leader-member relations poor; task structure low; position power weak

leader-member relations poor; task structure low; position power weak

1. The dimensions of situational control in Fiedler's model are ❏ LMX, task structure, and work facilitation. ❏ locus of control, task ability, and need for achievement. ❏ task structure and work group dynamics. ❏ leader-member relations, task structure, and position power. ❏ LMX, task structure, and personal power.

leader-member relations, task structure, and position power.

1. Fiedler's model uses the ________ scale to measure a person's leadership style. ❏ least preferred coworker ❏ least preferred boss ❏ conscientiousness ❏ extraversion ❏ contingency

least preferred coworker

1. Which of the following is a "hard" influence tactic? ❏ consultation ❏ legitimating tactics ❏ ingratiation ❏ personal appeals ❏ rational persuasion

legitimating tactics

1. Using ________ basing a request on explicit or implied support from superiors. ❏ ingratiation ❏ consultation ❏ exchange ❏ coalition tactics ❏ legitimating tactics

legitimating tactis

1. Which of the following is not​ ​ an advantage of group decision making? ❏ greater commitment to a decision ❏ less time spent making a decision ❏ better understanding of the decision rationale ❏ greater pool of knowledge ❏ more visible role modeling

less time spent making a decision

Lily graduates from high school and is ready to go to college. However, she also loves sports. She wants to join a basketball academy and become a professional basketball player. Lily finds her uncertainty about her future very stressful and is psychologically uncomfortable about it. This implies that Lily has a(n) ❏ low tolerance for ambiguity. ​ ❏ conceptual decision-making style. ❏ low need for structure. ❏ analytical style of decision making. ❏ high social concern.

low tolerance for ambiguity

1. Which of the following is not​ one of the key leader behaviors that are part of transformational leadership? ❏ matching the behavior to the situation ❏ inspirational motivation ❏ idealized influence ❏ individualized consideration ❏ intellectual stimulation

matching the behavior to the situation

A neutral and trained third party can guide others to find innovative solutions to conflict. To ensure neutrality, most organizations hired ADR qualified outsiders. In this case, a(n) ________ is one who does not render a decision. Rather, it is up to the parties to the conflict to reach a mutually acceptable decision. ❏ ombudsman ❏ facilitator ❏ peer reviewer ❏ mediator ❏ arbitrator

mediator

1. Which of the following is not​ ​ a symptom of groupthink? ❏ mindguards ❏ illusion of unanimity ❏ self-censorship ❏ illusion of invulnerability ❏ minority dissent

minority dissent

1. In empowering employees, to lead for progress, managers should ❏ inspire subordinates. ❏ delegate important tasks. ❏ support and coach employees. ❏ monitor and reward employees.

monitor and reward employees.

1. The "dark triad" consists of which of the following? ❏ narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy ❏ extraversion, narcissism, psychopathy ❏ Machiavellianism, psychopathy, conscientiousness ❏ psychopathy, extraversion, narcissism ❏ intelligence, conscientiousness, agreeableness

narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy

1. Compliance can be a result of ________ power. ❏ positive legitimate, expert, and referent ❏ negative legitimate, expert, and referent ❏ negative legitimate, coercive, and reward ❏ negative legitimate, reward, and expert ❏ positive legitimate, expert, and reward

negative legitimate, coercive, and reward

1. Research reveals that transformational leaders tend to be all of the following except​ ❏ extroverted. ❏ neurotic. ❏ agreeable. ❏ female. ❏ proactive.

neurotic.

A key characteristic of position-based negotiation is ❏ outcomes are win-lose or compromise. ❏ win-win collaborative outcomes are possible. ❏ focus on challenge to be met. ❏ create value for all parties. ❏ find mutual interests and satisfaction.

outcomes are win-lose or compromise.

1. Josephine is about to graduate from college and is excited about joining her two roommates to start a small coffee shop near campus. She has never started a business before, but she is sure that her business degree has taught her everything she needs to know. The three of them have enough money for their initial costs and figure that they can cover their expenses with the cash flow from the business. Which heuristic is probably involved? ❏ representativeness ❏ anchoring ❏ availability ❏ fundamental attribution error ❏ overconfidence

overconfidence

One of the psychological empowerment outcomes at the individual, team, and organization level includes ❏ psychological capital. ❏ core self-evaluations. ❏ job characteristics. ❏ performance ❏ managerial support.

performance

Two supervisors, Justin and Sean, are given instructions to trim their group size by two people. Justin's personality tends to favor people. He is generally more sensitive to people, and is a thoughtful supervisor. Sean is just the opposite. He is more concerned with group production, and considers people's feelings secondary to the work. Hence their approaches in trimming their teams are different. They can't see each other's point of view and leave the discussion thinking ill of each other. Which of the following types of conflict are Justin and Sean experiencing? ❏personality conflict ​❏functional conflict ❏intergroup conflict ❏cross-cultural conflict ❏programmed conflict

personality conflict

The ________ model of decision making assumes that managers are completely objective and possess all information for their decisions. In this model, decisions demonstrate excellent logic. ❏ intuition ❏ satisficing ❏ holistic ❏ evidence-based ❏ rational

rational

1. The Smith family decided that their annual spring break trip would be to Disney World. For the past two visits there, it was enjoyable for the whole family, easy to plan, and they've had a "magical" experience each time. This is an example of ________ bias. ❏ confirmation ❏ availability ❏ representativeness ❏ overconfidence ❏ framing

representativeness

1. Professor Smith promises Professor Davis that he will buy him dinner if Professor Davis covers class for him one day while Professor Smith is presenting a paper at a conference. Professor Davis agrees, although he is merely going to hand out an assignment to students and be available for questions if they have any. Professor Smith is using his ________ power and Professor Davis is ________. ❏ reward; committed ❏ reward; complying ❏ referent; committed ❏ referent; complying ❏ expert; complying

reward; complying

1. Individuals who are directive in decision-making style ❏ risk being autocratic and focusing on the short term ❏ sometimes overanalyze situations. ❏rely on intuition and discussions with others to acquire information. ❏are good at finding creative solutions to problems. ❏ have a tendency to avoid conflict.

risk being autocratic and focusing on the short term

1. Kendall is shopping for a rug for her new dorm room. She's been to numerous stores and they all seem to be similar in price and she is running out of time before she has to move in. She is not particular on which one she chooses and decides to go with the rug that seems to be the most neutral in color. Kendall considers this a(n) ________ or "good enough" solution. ❏ satisficing ❏ optimizing ❏ minimizing ❏ intuitive ❏ rationalizing

satisficing

1. The critical aspect of organizational politics is the emphasis on ❏ self-efficacy. ❏ bases of power. ❏ political tactics. ❏ self-interest. ❏ personality.

self-interest.

Which of the following is not an unethical tactic to use in negotiations? ❏ showing emotions ❏ nondisclosure ❏ strengthening one's own position ❏ weakening the opponent ❏ puffery

showing emotions

1. Contingency theories propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on the ❏ situation. ❏ leader. ❏ manager. ❏ employee. ❏ relationship.

situation.

1. Transactional leadership encompasses all of the following except​ ❏ goal setting. ❏ social interaction ❏ monitoring progress toward goal achievement. ❏ giving feedback. ❏ administering discipline.

social interaction

1. When Jamie comes to work in the morning, the first thing he does is head to the employee lounge where he grabs a cup of coffee and talks to coworkers for several minutes. This implies that he probably has a ❏ low tolerance for ambiguity. ❏ high tolerance for ambiguity. ❏ task orientation. ❏ low need for structure. ❏ social orientation.

social orientation.

1. Managers should ________ in order to empower them, to lead for competence. ❏ inspire subordinates ❏ delegate important tasks to employees ❏ support and coach employees ❏ monitor and reward employees ❏ help employees identify their passions at work

support and coach employees

To make a good first impression in an interaction with another, a person should do all of the following except​ ❏ avoid bad moods. ❏ match your "ornaments" to your personality and intended message. ❏ talk a lot about yourself. ❏ set a specific goal for your interaction. ❏ be aware of your nonverbal behaviors.

talk a lot about yourself.

In the United States, the judicial system is an example of________. It is based on hearing directly opposing points of view to establish guilt or innocence. ❏dysfunctional conflict ❏the dialectic method ​❏integration ❏devil's advocacy ❏alternative dispute resolution

the dialectic method ​

1. Which of the following is not​ ​ a general category of leader behaviors? ❏ transactional ❏ task-oriented ❏ relationship-oriented ❏ passive ❏ transformational

transactional

Teddy is a project manager at a consulting firm. He travels alot and works very long hours. When he's home, he is always checking email. He has a three-year-old son and a brand-new daughter, and his wife is upset that he doesn't help more. He is experiencing ❏work-life conflict. ​❏dysfunctional conflict. ❏functional conflict. ❏conflict-handling issues. ❏incivility.

work-life conflict.

When issues are complex, better solutions are needed, commitment is needed, and time is available, the ________ conflict-handling style is appropriate. ❏ dominating ❏ obliging ❏ Integrating ❏ compromising ❏ Avoiding

❏ Integrating