Exam 3: Review

Research reveals that the French paradox is due to the French: a) consuming less red wine b) consuming fewer calories c) exercising more d) avoiding high-fat food

b) consuming fewer calories

A person is building a road to connect two towns, but the road is stopped by a mountain. The person can either build the road so that it follows the side of the mountain and continues on from the other side, or the person can just tunnel through the mountain. This person decides that people should not get pushed around by nature, so decides to tunnel through the mountain. Which of the following terms best describes this way of thinking? a) incremental theory of the self b) incremental theory of the world c) self-enhancement d) self-serving bias

b) incremental theory of the world

Claudia and Hideki are math students. Claudia has a self-enhancement orientation, whereas Hideki has a self-improvement orientation. The best way to make them both continue to put in effort to learn math is to give: a) both students a very difficult math test that is rigged to make them do poorly b) both students a very easy math test that is rigged to make them do well c) Claudia a very easy math test so she is rigged to do well, but give Hideki a very difficult math test so he is rigged to do poorly d) Claudia a very difficult math test she she is rigged to do poorly, but give Hideki a very easy math test so he is rigged to do well

c) Claudia a very easy math test so she is rigged to do well, but give Hideki a very difficult math test so he is rigged to do poorly

Ichiro, a Japanese student, wants to sell his used book that he has had for a decade. Kent, an American student, wants to sell the exact same book, which he has also owned for a decade. They prize their respective books depending on how much they think the books are worth. The books themselves are valued at $50. Which of the following best predicts what the two price takes will most likely be? a) Ichiro: $50, Kent: $50 b) Ichiro: $60, Kent: $30 c) Ichiro: $30, Kent: $60 d) Ichiro: $70, Kent: $20

c) Ichiro: $30, Kent: $60

Which one does not belong: a human, a giraffe, and a car? a) analytic thinker: human; holistic thinker: car b) analytic thinker: giraffe; holistic thinker: human c) analytic thinker: car; holistic thinker: giraffe d) analytic thinker: car; holistic thinker: car

c) analytic thinker: car; holistic thinker: giraffe

Sending your boss a Christmas card after he had first sent you one would be best seen as an example of __________________. a) communal sharing b) authority ranking c) equality matching d) market pricing

c) equality matching

Several real estate agents have been convicted of several counts of real estate fraud. The most plausible reaction from American and Japanese news outlets is that Japanese newspapers are likelier than American ones to: a) recommend strong punishment of the agents b) predict similar events will happen in the future c) view the real estate companies to be at fault d) remove their assets from the companies involved

c) view the real estate companies to be at fault

A universal of cultural attractiveness related to skin.

clear complexion

Cultural dimension associated with practical, creative solutions for group problems.

collectivism

A nuclear family is typically a _____________________ type of relationship.

communal sharing

Salient condition for the display of culture bound syndromes

culture beliefs associated with illness

Which of the following is an important goal for a therapist to achieve when working with clients from different cultural backgrounds? a) To recognize their own cultural influences, acknowledge their own biases and be conscious about interpretations of clients' symptoms b) To develop knowledge about the cultural background of their clients c) To be mindful of how clients' cultural experiences might intertwine with their other symptoms d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Empirically, arranged marriages are terrible because no one is ever satisfied with their marriages. TRUE OR FALSE? a) True - arranged marriages have always been rare in human history because our ancestors understood that it leads to marital dissatisfaction b) False - they at least start out with more marital satisfaction than people in love marriages c) True - arranged marriages signal lack of personal agency, leading to unhappiness d) False - long term arranged marriages have at least the marital satisfaction as love marriages

d) False - long term arranged marriages have at least the marital satisfaction as love marriages

Four single Japanese people are participating in a dating TV show. Three of them serve as targets, and they each spend time with the remaining person (the chooser). The chooser must then decide which person he or she wants to date. Which of the following people is the chooser most likely to choose? a) If the chooser is male, he will choose the one who is most similar to him. b) Regardless of gender, the chooser will choose the person with the average body. c) If the chooser is female, she will choose the person who is most similar to her. d) Regardless of gender, the chooser will choose the person with the most bilateral facial symmetry.

d) Regardless of gender, the chooser will choose the person with the most bilateral facial symmetry.

If Huang Bo is diagnosed with neurasthenia in China, how can one alternative conceive of his diagnosis? a) latent catatonic schizophrenia b) koro c) mild social anxiety disorder d) depression with somatization

d) depression with somatization

Which of the following is NOT an example of a culture-bound syndrome? a) voodoo death b) amok c) bulimia nervosa d) social anxiety

d) social anxiety

Type of attribution displayed by analytical thinkers.

dispositional

Whenever Lea performs poorly on an exam, she compares herself to a friend with poorer grades.

downward social comparison

Children from this cultural group will play a game of in-group choice.

Asian Americans

Social values given by others if one fulfills obligations expected by them

Face

Despite French food being high in fat and sugars, France has 1/5th the obesity rate of the USA.

French paradox (still have high cholesterol)

Adults of this cultural group display a preference for situational attributions

Indians

Likely cultural group of an individual who displayed a sudden outburst of of violent attacks (amok).

Southeast Asians

Which of the following is someone who self-enhances most likely to say after failing a chemistry test? a) "Even though I failed this chemistry test, I can still do well in physics." b) "I failed this chemistry test, so I have to study even harder in this class." c) "This test was fair; I just did not work hard enough." d) "Chemistry is still very important to me." e) "Lex did so well! I need to work to be more like him!"

a) "Even though I failed this chemistry test, I can still do well in physics."

Which of the following statements is true of face? a) Face is more easily lost than it is gained. b) People can increase their face by focusing on their positive qualities. c) All people have roughly the same amount of face. d) Face is negatively correlated with self-esteem.

a) Face is more easily lost than it is gained.

You are a teacher who assesses your students' science knowledge by having them play one of many science games available on the computer, so you want them to take this task seriously. Your class is comprised fully of Asian American and European American children. How would you maximize their motivation to play these science games? a) Let classmates choose the game for the Asian American students, but let the European American students choose for themselves b) Let the Asian American children's mothers choose the game for them, and let the European American children's classmates choose for them c) Let the European American students choose for themselves, and ask students from another school to choose for the Asian American students d) Let both the Euro-American and Asia American parents choose for their children

a) Let classmates choose the game for the Asian American students, but let the European American students choose for themselves

You are walking with your friend when both of you see a person on the street trip and fall. You think that the person is a clumsy person, but your friend thinks the person ??????

a) dispositional attribution

Depression is a condition that is: a) found in every culture that has been explored b) largely absent in China c) a culture-bound disorder d) found at similar rates in the population in all industrialized societies

a) found in every culture that has been explored

People who are especially field dependent tend to be: a) holistic thinkers b) introverted c) from Western cultures d) from large, industrialized cities

a) holistic thinkers

A focus on object attributes in thinking.

analytic thinking

Cultural norm influencing obesity in addition to portion sizes.

attitudes toward food (negative)

Arranged marriages are common in cultures with this characteristic.

extended family systems (collectivistic)

Martha calls someone lazy for failing a test.

fundamental attribution error

Roy's pattern of everyday behavior does not match societal standards of being male.

gender expression

East Asian cultures are a _________________ culture for communication.

high context

Sakura drops out from the social world and barricades herself in a room for years.

hikikomori

Sam displays an incremental theory of the world and entity theory of the self.

primary control

Nora hopes that the more her crush Aidan sees her, the more he will be attracted to her.

propinquity effect

The motivation to view oneself positively.

self-enhancement