Exam

The McDonalidization of Society refers to: a) The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions. b) The country's increasing dependence on fast food as a daily meal. c) The increasing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths. d) The obesity epidemic that's rapidly sweeping the United States.

The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.

Bobby came home from school crying because the other kids in his class were calling him stupid. His mother tried to console him, but he really started to believe that he was stupid. Charles Cooley would say that this is a classic example of _______. a) Poor parenting b) A degradation ceremony c) The looking-glass self d) The resocialization process

The looking-glass self

In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______. a) An entry test that must be passed b) An exit test that must be passed c) A degradation ceremony d) A graduation ceremony

A degradation ceremony

Reliability is defined by the text as: a) How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis. b) How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential. c) How well the study measures what it was designed to measure. d) A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying? a) The preparatory stage b) The game stage c) The "generalized other" stage d) The play stage

The preparatory stage

What is an advantage of the McDonaldization of society? a) There is more variety of goods. b) There is less theft. c) There is more worldwide availability of goods. d) There is more opportunity for businesses.

There is more worldwide availability of goods.

Verstehen is defined by the text as: a) To maintain a moral conscience. b) To require proof of interpretation. c) To understand in a deep way. d) To compare and contrast social facts.

To understand in a deep way.

Parents often socialize their children to: a) Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people b) Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow c) Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences d) Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow

Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group? a) A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face-to-face relationships. b) A primary group is small and impersonal; a secondary group is large and consists of face-to-face relationships. c) A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal. d) A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function.

A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal

A nation's flag is: a) A symbol b) A value c) A culture d) A folkway

A symbol

In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____. a) A cultural universal b) A culture lag c) A discovery d) An innovation

An innovation

Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed: a) Developing her sense of morality. b) Developing her sense of self. c) Anticipatory socialization. d) A degradation ceremony.

Anticipatory socialization

Which type of group leadership has a communication pattern that flows from the top down? a) Authoritarian b) Democratic c) Laissez-faire d) Expressive

Authoritarian

Why do people join utilitarian organizations? a) Because they feel an affinity with others there b) Because they receive a tangible benefit from joining c) Because they have no choice d) Because they feel pressured to do so

Because they receive a tangible benefit from joining

Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role? a) Taking Jimmy to the aquarium. b) Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with. c) Letting Kim wear pants to school. d) Allowing Joey to sleep with his "blankey."

Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

In the late 2000's, Ugg Boots became a major fashion fixture, sported by everyone from celebrities to college students. The Ugg boots craze is an example of a _____ trend within the United States. a) Societal b) Counterintuitive c) Cultural d) Countercultural

Cultural

Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______. a) Behavioral normativity b) Material culture c) Cultural imperialism d) Ideal culture

Cultural imperialism

An example of high culture is ___________, whereas an example of popular culture would be____________. a) Dostoevsky style in film; "American Idol" winners b) medical marijuana; film noir c) country music; pop music d) political theory; sociological theory

Dostoevsky style in film; "American Idol" winners

Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination. a) The theory that man evolved slowly over time. b) The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics. c) A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams. d) How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

Erik Erikson's theory explains: a) How human sexual desire is linked to the development of a personality. b) How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life. c) Why Rhesus Monkeys preferred terry cloth maternal stand-ins versus the maternal stand-ins that provided food. d) When human moral development begins in an individual.

How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.

What does a Functionalist consider when studying a phenomenon like the Occupy Wall Street movement? a) The minute functions that every person at the protests plays in the whole b) The internal conflicts that play out within such a diverse and leaderless group c) How the movement contributes to the stability of society by offering the discontented a safe, controlled outlet for dissension d) The factions and divisions that form within the movement

How the movement contributes to the stability of society by offering the discontented a safe, controlled outlet for dissension

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes? a) In their teenage years b) When they are born. c) When they first go to school. d) After they graduate from college.

In their teenage years

Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Group B is the ______. a) Control group b) Independent variable c) Experimental group d) Dependent variable

Independent variable

Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies? a) Hunter-gatherer b) Industrial c) Agricultural d) Feudal

Industrial

What is the importance of interpretive framework? a) It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions. b) It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships. c) It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world. d) It eliminates the need for a literature review.

It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world.

Which of these is an example of a total institution? a) Jail b) High school c) Political party d) A gym

Jail

Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy? a) Morgan overhears a professor predicting the economic recession will prevent entry-level graduates from finding gainful employment. Morgan goes on interviews but doesn't bother preparing, convinced it's a waste of time. Morgan appears unprofessional and is not hired. b) Charlotte is an intelligent teenager, but told by her step-sisters and cousins that she's destined to a life of poverty and failure. Charlotte begins to do poorly in school, and eventually drops out. c) Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third. d) Though encouraged by his parents to audition for Julliard, Jose believes he isn't good enough to attend. After his audition, he expresses this reluctance to the admissions committee. They don't admit him due to his lack of certainty.

Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.

Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____. a) They are both macro-level. b) Micro-level; macro-level c) They are both micro-level. d) Macro-level; micro-level

Macro-level; micro-level

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic: a) Chorus members of the campus's production of Hairspray practice in Theatre building's first floor, while the cast of God of Carnage practices on the second floor. b) Organizations across a college campus come together at a yearly fundraiser to raise money for the local Breast Cancer Awareness chapter. c) The Chemistry Club advertises their organization at the local science fair. d) Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.

Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.

It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory? a) Freud's theory of self-development b) George Herbert Mead's theory of self-development c) Nature vs. Nurture d) Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development

Nature vs. Nurture

In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____. a) Secondary data analysis b) Participant observation c) Literature review d) Dependent variables

Participant observation

Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist? a) Surveys b) Participant observation c) Quantitative data analysis d) None of the above

Participant observation

Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that: a) People base their images on how they think other people see them. b) Self-esteem is directly correlated with body image. c) Personal identity isn't influenced by outside social forces. d) The media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures.

People base their images on how they think other people see them.

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. a) Conflict Theorists b) Social Individualists c) Structural Functionalists d) Symbolic Interactionists

Structural Functionalists

Who is more likely to be an expressive leader? a) The sales manager of a fast-growing cosmetics company b) A high school teacher at a reform school c) The director of a summer camp for chronically ill children d) A manager at a fast-food restaurant

The director of a summer camp for chronically ill children

Two people who have just had a baby have turned from a _______ to a _________. a) primary group; secondary group b) dyad; triad c) couple; family d) de facto group; nuclear family

dyad; triad

Some jobs today advertise in multinational markets and permit telecommuting in lieu of working from a primary location. This broadening of the job market and the way that jobs are performed can be attributed to: Question 3 options: a) cultural lag b) innovation c) discovery d) globalization

globalization

Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to: a) compare the behavior of individuals from different societies b) compare one society to another c) identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure d) compare individuals to groups

identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure

A sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture, and who: a) interact b) work in the same industry c) speak different languages d) practice a recognized religion

interact

Berger describes sociologists as concerned with: a) monumental moments in people's lives b) common everyday life events c) both a and b d) none of the above

monumental moments in people's lives b) common everyday life events c) both a and b

Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method. a) non-reactive b) non-participatory c) non-restrictive d) non-confrontive

non-reactive

Chris Langan's story illustrates that: a) children raised in one-parent households tend to have higher IQs. b) intelligence is more important than socialization. c) socialization can be more important than intelligence. d) neither socialization nor intelligence affects college admissions.

socialization can be more important than intelligence.

A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to: a) behaviors b) conflicts c) human organs d) theatrical roles

theatrical roles

Weber believed humans could not be studied purely objectively because they were influenced by: a) drugs b) their culture c) their genetic makeup d) the researcher

their culture

Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP class his senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out the problem. Ahmed's interaction with the school's bureaucracy is an example of: a) The influences of a total institution b) The generalized other c) The influences of one's peer groups d) The hidden curriculum of schools

The hidden curriculum of schools

____ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer. a) Feudal b) Industrial c) Agricultural d) Hunter-gatherer

Agricultural

Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation? a) Alienation from one's self b) Alienation from others c) Alienation from one's religion d) Alienation from the product of one's labor

Alienation from one's religion

In Asch's study on conformity, what contributed to the ability of subjects to resist conforming? a) A very small group of witnesses b) The presence of an ally c) The ability to keep one's answer private d) All of the above

All of the above

The transition from college life to work life can be quite difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle? a) The status quo has been maintained for a substantial period of time, and now the economy and government are undergoing significant changes. b) Many young people are in the same situation, so drawing expertise or knowledge from their experiences from peers is difficult. c) Finding a job, renting an apartment, and being independent is a daunting task that seems insurmountable. d) All of the above

All of the above

What is one way to distinguish between psychology and sociology? a) Psychology focuses on the mind, while sociology focuses on society. b) Psychologists are interested in mental health, while sociologists are interested in societal functions. c) Psychologists look inward to understand behavior while sociologists look outward. d) All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is an example of a learned custom? a) Marrying for love b) Shoving and pushing on the metro c) Greeting an acquaintance with a handshake d) All of the above

All of the above

Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a) Feminist Theory b) Symbolic Interactionism c) Structural Functionalism d) Conflict

Conflict

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? a) Conflict Theory b) Behaviorism c) Structural Functionalism d) Symbolic Interactionism

Conflict Theory

Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of: a) Symbolic interactionism b) Conflict theory c) Structural functionalism d) Capitalism

Conflict theory

The "American Dream"-the notion that anybody can be successful and rich if they work hard enough-is most commonly associated with which sociological theory? a) Sociobiology b) Functionalism c) Conflict theory d) Ethnocentrism

Conflict theory

Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of: a) Consumer-oriented discretion b) Out-group dynamics c) Conformity d) Laissez-faire leadership

Conformity

What is a group whose values, norms, and beliefs come to serve as a standard for one's own behavior? a) Secondary group b) Formal organization c) Reference group d) Primary group

Reference group

Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? a) A shift in her desire to enjoy life. b) A complete and permanent loss of herself. c) Resocialization. d) A shift in her reading habits.

Resocialization.

Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____. a) Xenocentricism b) Ethnocentricity c) Social control d) Formal sanction

Social control

Sociology is defined as the: a) Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. b) Theoretical examination of life's origins. c) Systematic study of society and social interaction. d) Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon.

Systematic study of society and social interaction.