Exam 4 bio test q's

What do fats, steroids, and waxes have in common?

(b) Low solubility in water.

What might happen if a protein has a change in one amino acid?

-The amino acid chain folds incorrectly. -The protein has a new shape. -The protein can no longer function properly.

What is the maximum number of single covalent bonds a carbon atom can form with other elements?

4

Predict how many molecules of carbon dioxide are produced from the mitochondrial "burning" of one molecule of glucose?

6

If the results of this study prove correct, taking a fish oil supplement is most likely to benefit which of the following type of person?

A person with an increased risk of heart attack.

You are a family practitioner. Which of the following patients you see is most likely to need Vitamin D supplements?

A woman with dark brown skin who lives in Michigan. Submit

Which of the following is a common energy currency in living cells that powers most living organisms?

ATP

The food you eat is processed during cellular respiration to produce stored chemical energy in the form of __________. __________ and __________ are by products. See Section 4.7 (Page) .

ATP; CO2; water

Which of the following cells contain a plasma membrane?

Animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells

In what ways are chloroplasts similar to mitochondria? See Section 3.7 (Page) .

Both organelles provide energy to the cell. Submit

Why are all living organisms based on molecules that contain carbon? See Section 2.7 (Page) .

Carbon atoms can form strong covalent bonds with many other carbon atoms, and the atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

__________ are the fundamental units of life.

Cells

You decide to eat healthier. When it comes to fat and the food panel, which of the following should be your goal?

Consume unsaturated fats, while avoiding saturated fats trans fats. Submit

How is diabetes linked with homeostasis?

Diabetes results from the body not responding with a negative feedback to the level of glucose in the blood.

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced?

Electron transport chain

Proteins are diverse molecules that perform a wide variety of functions. Which of the following is not a typical function of proteins?

Energy storage

The nitrogenous waste product of humans is uric acid. See Section 11.15 (Page) .

False

Which of the following are you least likely to learn about a product when reading the Nutrition Facts panel?

If the ingredients are genetically modified.

What is the sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in your body called?

Metabolism

________ refers to how a body system functions, and ________ refers to the structure of a body part.

Physiology; anatomy

What is another name for the polymers of carbohydrates?

Polysaccharides

Which would have the highest concentration of C-H bonds?

Saturated fat

You are a registered dietician. Which of the following clients is most likely to benefit from taking a fish oil supplement?

Someone who rarely eats fish.

Who is likely to be the most frustrated with the new food panel as compared to the old food panel?

Someone with a Vitamin A deficiency.

Which reaction represents cellular respiration?

Sugar + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide+ Water + ATP Submit

Identify the part of the atom that most determines the chemical properties of the atom.

The number of electrons

To a large extent, a protein's function is dependent upon its shape. What determines a protein's shape?

The sequence of amino acids

How does yeast make bread dough rise? See Section 4.9 (Page) .

The yeast cells produce CO2.

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Which statement describes glycolysis?

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. Submit

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. Submit

What is the role of the villi?

To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract

Which of the following dietary fats is considered to be the least healthy?

Trans fat

Which of the following is an accurate description of the plasma membrane?

Two layers of phospholipids with a number of proteins embedded within Submit

What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder?

Ureters

Why is milk often fortified with Vitamin D?

Vitamin D is associated with calcium uptake.

What is the part of the kidney where urine is formed?

What is the part of the kidney where urine is formed?

Dr. Haxton told one of his students, "To move in the bloodstream, fats need the help of phospholipids." What would a good student say?

Yes. Nonpolar molecules aren't compatible with water.

Anatomy is to physiology as ___________.

a book is to reading

The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of

active transport.

What are the monomers of proteins?

amino acids

Form refers to ________, and function refers to ________.

anatomical structure; physiological actions Submit

An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body ________.

cannot make by itself

Organic compounds are distinguished by molecules that contain ________ bonded to other elements.

carbon

Which of the following options lists the structural elements of organisms in the correct order, from smallest to largest?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

The bond in which bonded atoms share electrons is called a(n) ________.

covalent bond

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of

endocytosis.

A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of

facilitated diffusion.

Starch and glycogen are complex carbohydrates made by joining together long chains of __________ monomers. See Section 2.9 (Page) .

glucose

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

Individual water molecules are held to one another by relatively weak ________ bonds.

hydrogen

The breaking of a large organic molecule into smaller individual subunits involves multiple ________.

hydrolysis reactions

All sodium atoms have 11 protons. The nuclei of some sodium atoms contain 12 neutrons and others contain 11. These different forms of sodium are called __________. See Section 2.3 (Page) .

isotopes

Respiration is called aerobic because ________.

it requires oxygen

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

mitochondrion

In active transport,

molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient.

The heart is an example of a(n) ___________.

organ

The heart pumps blood through blood vessels to reach all areas of the body. Together, the heart and blood vessels form a(n) __________.

organ system

The passive transport of water is specifically called ________.

osmosis

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

produce ATP

Enzymes are a type of ________.

protein

During digestion, __________ are broken down into __________ through __________ reactions. See Section 2.8 (Page) .

proteins; amino acids; hydrolysis

Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the ________.

small intestine

What kinds of molecules can be used as metabolic fuel to produce ATP? See Section 4.10 (Page) .

sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids

What kinds of molecules can be used as metabolic fuel to produce ATP? See Section 4.10 (Page) .

sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids Submit

Water crosses the plasma membrane

through facilitated diffusion or diffusion.

Anatomy is the study of the structure of an organism's body parts, while physiology is the study of the function of those parts. See Section 11.1 (Page) .

true