Exam 4: Muscles

medially

The fibers of the external oblique are directed inferiorly and ____.

thenar

The three intrinsic muscles of the hand that produce thumb movements are, as a group, called ____ muscles.

c

Using the analogy of a spring on a screen door, the part of the spring attached to the door represents the ____, and the part attached to the non-movable frame is the ____. a. origin; insertion b. origin; belly c. insertion; origin d. ligament; tendon e. insertion; belly

d

Which muscle functions to elevate the mandible in chewing? a. genioglossus b. superior constrictor c. sternohyoid d. masseter

b

Which of the following demonstrates a third-class lever? a. standing up on your toes b. doing curls with your biceps brachii c. the atlanto-occipital joint holding the skull to the vertebral column d. sitting on a see-saw e. lifting a load in a wheelbarrow

d

Ordinarily, the insertion of a muscle ____. 1. in a limb is proximal to the origin. 2. does not move when the muscle contracts. 3. is the movable point of attachment of a muscle. 4. attaches a muscle to a bone or skin. a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 1, 2, 4 only c. 1, 3 only d. 3, 4 only

sternocleoidomastoid

The ____ muscle is a landmark that separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck.

b

The central portion of the diaphragm is an aponeurosis that serves as the tendon of insertion for the diaphragm. The tendon is called ____. a. linea alba. b. central tendon. c. intermediate tendon. d. rectus sheath.

b

The deltoid muscle is named according to ____. a. orientation of muscle fascicles relative to the body's midline. b. relative shape of the muscle. c. relative size of the muscle. d. location.

c

The extensor digitorum extends the phalanges. The extensor digiti minimi extends the distal phalanges only. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second is false. d. The second statement is true; the first is false.

d

The femoral triangle is defined superiorly by the inguinal ligament, medially by the lateral border of the adductor longus muscle, and laterally by medial border of what muscle? a. gracilis b. vastus lateralis c. rectus femoris d. sartorius e. vastus medialis

ulnaris

The flexor carpi ____ flexes and adducts the wrist.

a

The following muscles all have attachments to ribs or their costal cartilages. Which of them are NOT used to produce the movements of normal breathing? 1. external intercostals 2. internal intercostals 3. external obliques 4. internal obliques 5. diaphragm a. 2, 3, 4 b. 3, 4 c. 1, 3, 5 d. 2, 4

a

The greater tubercle of the humerus is the point of insertion of which of the following muscles? a. infraspinatus b. deltoid c. subscapularis d. coracobrachialis

b

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh _____ the thigh and _____ the leg. a. flex, extend b. extend, flex c. adduct, flex d. abduct, extend

c

The pectoralis minor muscle ____. a. inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. b. inserts on the acromion of the scapula. c. may originate from ribs 3 to 5. d. originates from the clavicle and sternum.

b

The plantaris originates on the femur superior to the lateral condyle and inserts on the ____. a. distal phalanx of the great toe b. calcaneus c. first metatarsal d. lateral condyle of tibia

a

The primary arm muscle used when doing a push-up would be the ____. a. triceps brachii b. biceps brachii c. brachialis d. deltoid

a

The psoas major and iliacus muscles have a common insertion on the femur. These two muscles are involved in _____ of the thigh. a. flexion b. extension c. adduction d. abduction

a

The quadriceps femoris in the anterior compartment of the thigh is antagonized by the ____ in the posterior compartment of the thigh. a. hamstring muscles b. vastus intermediate c. gracilis d. rectus femoris

c

The quadriceps femoris is a knee ____ used to rise from a seated position. a. abductor b. flexor c. extensor d. adductor

a

The range of movement at a joint depends upon the point of attachment of the muscle and the length of its fibers. a. True b. False

c

The rectus femoris originates on the ____. a. sacrum b. tibial tuberosity c. ilium d. linea aspera of the femur

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

The rotate cuff muscles are ____, ____, ____, and ____.

b

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the occipital bone. a. True b. False

b

The erector spinae is a group of muscles of the back, including which three of the following groups? 1. iliocostalis 2. spinalis 3. segmental 4. longissimus 5. scalene a. 1, 2, 3 b. 1, 2, 4 c. 2, 3, 5 d. 1, 4, 5

b

The portion of the skeletal muscle that attaches to a stationary bone is called the ____. a. insertion b. origin c. belly d. sarcomere

a

Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles both invert the foot. a. True b. False

fulcrum

To produce movement, a bone acts as a lever, and the joint acts as the ____.

e

What is the muscle indicated? a. orbicularis oculi b. masseter c. mentalis d. orbicularis oris e. buccinator

circumduction

What vigorous movement of the shoulder most likely contributes to a rotator cuff injury?

c

Whereas superficial flexors in the anterior compartment of the forearm originate from the _____ epicondyle of the humerus, the superficial extensors in the posterior compartment of the forearm originate from the _____ epicondyle of the humerus. a. lateral; medial b. lateral; lateral c. medial; lateral d. medial; medial

c

Which muscle inserts to the calcaneus via the Achilles (calcaneal) tendon? a. popliteus b. plantaris c. soleus d. iliocostalis

b

Which muscle originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus AND turns the forearm (pronates) so that the palm faces posteriorly? a. pronator quadratus b. pronator teres c. anconeus d. supinator

b

Which of the following extends and abducts the hand at the wrist? a. flexor digitorum profundus b. extensor carpi radialis longus c. biceps femoris d. rectus femoris e. brachioradialis

d

Which of the following is NOT a component of the quadriceps femoris? a. rectus femoris b. vastus intermedius c. vastus lateralis d. biceps femoris

c

Which of the following is an anterior muscle that flexes the knee? a. semimembranosus b. vastus medialis c. sartorius d. biceps femoris

b

Which of the following is/are TRUE? 1. Synergists are muscles that oppose the agonist. 2. Agonists contract while the antagonists relax. 3. The biceps brachii and the triceps brachii are an antagonistic pair. a. 1, 2, 3 b. 2, 3 only c. 1, 2 only d. 2 only

a

Which of the following pairs BEST represents muscles acting as antagonists? a. pronator teres -supinator b. biceps brachii - brachialis c. vastus medialis - vastus lateralis d. gastrocnemius - soleus

d

Which of the following pairs of terms does not correctly match muscle with innervation? a. subclavius; subclavian nerve b. rhomboid major; dorsal scapular nerve c. serratus anterior; long thoracic nerve d. trapezius; median pectoral nerve

a

Which of the following statements regarding the quadriceps femoris is correct? a. Rectus femoris originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine. b. Vastus lateralis inserts on the lateral condyle of the tibia. c. All four muscles flex the thigh. d. Vastus medialis originates from the lesser trochanter.

d

Which two muscles provide a good example of an "antagonistic pair"? a. biceps brachii and brachialis b. semitendinosus and semimembranosus c. vastus medialis and vastus lateralis d. fibularis (peroneus) longus and tibialis anterior

c

Which two muscles provide good examples for use of the term "synergists"? a. latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major b. flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris c. biceps femoris and semitendinosis d. gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior

d

During forearm extension at the elbow (straightening arm in sagittal plane), which of the following describes the triceps brachii muscle? a. antagonist b. synergist c. fixator d. prime mover (agonist) e. none of the above

d

In order to adduct the second (index) finger, the muscle would most likely be located ____ to the second metacarpal. a. anterior b. posterior c. lateral d. medial

a

In this anterior view of the abdomen, what is the name of the muscle indicated? a. external oblique b. internal oblique c. transversus abdominis d. rectus abdominus e. linea alba

a

In this lateral view of the tibia/fibula area, what is the muscle indicated? a. gastrocnemius b. biceps femoris c. tibialis anterior d. soleus e. fibularis longus

posterior, humerus

Muscles that extend the forearm are located on the ____ surface of the ____.

c

Muscles that insert via the calcaneal tendon do NOT include ____. a. plantaris b. gastrocnemius c. tibialis posterior d. soleus

c

Of the muscles that move the forearm, two have points of origin on the scapula. They are the biceps brachii and the ____. a. brachialis b. brachioradialis c. triceps brachii d. anconeus

a

Taking a swing at a baseball requires a dipping of the torso. For a right-handed batter, this involves a slight medial rotation of the right hip and flexion of the right knee. At this time, the left knee is ____. a. extended b. flexed c. medially rotated d. stationary