EXAM 4: MUSCULOSKELETAL

how do you treat overuse syndrome

- RICE - acetaminophen - neuro checks

with the park harness for developmental dysplasia of the hip, what are teaching points for the parents?

- do not adjust the harness - will come in each week to be reassessed - need to wear a shirt under the harness - place diaper under harness

what are key assessments of bone fracture

- inspect, observe, palpate - look at circulation - look at neuro - any edema that may occur 72 hours post injury - elevate higher than heart

What are the S/S of compartment syndrome?

- pain - pallor - paresthesia - paralysis - pulseless

A 3-month-old with spina bifida is admitted to the nurse's unit. Which of the following gross motor skills should the nurse assess at this age? 1. Head control 2. Pincer grasp. 3. Sitting alone. 4. Rolling over.

1

A nurse enters a patient's room who has a suspected diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Which finding by the nurse is most concerning? 1) The child's chest is visibly sunken inward. 2) The child appears to have an S-shaped sign. 3) The child has absent tendon reflexes. 4) The child has trouble initiating spontaneous movement.

1

The parents of a preschooler diagnosed with muscular dystrophy are asking questionsabout the course of their child's disease. The nurse should tell them which ofthe following? 1. Muscular dystrophies are disorders associated with progressive degeneration of muscles, resulting in relentless and increasing weakness. 2. The weakness that the child is currently experiencing will probably not increase. 3. The child will be able to function normally and require no special accommodations. 4. The extent of degeneration depends on performing daily physical therapy

1

The nurse is doing a follow-up assessment of a 9-month-old. The infant rolls both ways, sits with some support, pushes food out of the mouth, and pushes away when held. The parent asks about the infant's development. The nurse responds by sayingwhich of the following? 1. "Your child is developing normally." 2. "Your child needs to see the primary care provider." 3. "You need to help your child learn to sit unassisted." 4. "Push the food back when your child pushes food out."

2

The nurse is teaching family members of a child newly diagnosed with musculardystrophy about early signs. The nurse knows that teaching was successful when aparent states that which of the following signs may indicate the condition early? 1. Increased muscle strength. 2. Difficulty climbing stairs. 3. High fevers and tiredness. 4. Respiratory infections and obesity.

2

When assessing a child for developmental dysplasia of the hip, the nurse feels a "clunk" when the child's hip is abducted and relocated. Which of the following did the nurse perform? 1) Braxton's maneuver 2) Ortolani's sign 3) Trendelenburg's sign 4) Barlow's test

2

A nurse admits a child who has a history cerebral palsy. Which assessment finding by the nurse is most concerning? 1) The mother reports the child had a seizure 5 hours ago. 2) The child has a fever of 100.3. 3) The child is standing on his toes. 4) The mother reports the child's twisting movements seem to have worsened since arriving at the clinic.

2 - This fever could indicate aspiration pneumonia, and this needs to be investigated further immediately with questioning of coughing, respiratory difficulty, or sputum production. Seizures are common with cerebral palsy. The child's symptoms have likely worsened because of the stress due to a clinic visit. Standing on the toes or scooting on the back (instead of crawling on the abdomen) are both commonly seen in a patient with cerebral palsy.

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with a meningocele. The nurse should perform all of the following actions except: 1) Documenting the presence of a sac protruding from the lower spinal column. 2) Documenting the presence of clear fluid draining from the meningocele. 3) Encouraging fluids hourly. 4) Measuring head circumference every shift.

2 - This may indicate a CSF leak and should be reported

While caring for a patient with a myelomeningocele, which of the following actions, if made by the pediatric nurse, is incorrect? Select all that apply: 1) The nurse reports the presence of clear fluid from the lesion. 2) The nurse places the child in supine position to prevent skin breakdown. 3) The nurse encourages that light-weight blankets be used in place of heavy blankets or coverings. 4) The nurse places a piece of plastic wrap below the meningocele. 5) The nurse moistens the sac with a saline-soaked piece of gauze.

2 and 3

Children with high-level spinal cord injuries may be afflicted with many complications,a serious one being autonomic dysreflexia due to unregulated sympathetic hyperactivity. Some of the causes of autonomic dysreflexia that the nurse should be aware of include which of the following? Select all that apply. 1. Decrease in blood pressure. 2. Abdominal distention. 3. Bladder distention. 4. Diarrhea. 5. Tight clothing.

2, 3, 5

A nurse has just finished providing discharge teaching to the family of a child going home with a cast that was applied 30 minutes prior. Which statement by the family indicates that further teaching is necessary? Select all that apply: 1) "For the next couple of days, we should keep the casted arm above the level of the heart and apply ice." 2) "If my child's arm starts to itch, we can apply lotion if we can reach into the cast." 3) "We will tape a plastic bag around his cast before he takes a bath." 4) "If my child gets his cast wet, we'll blow dry it with the lowest heat setting on our blow dryer." 5) "We will make sure we regularly press the skin back around the edge of the cast." 6) "We will make sure our child does not eat anything messy while he has this cast on."

2, 4, 6 - Nothing should be inserted into the cast, and lotions and powders should not be used. If the cast gets wet, a blow dryer with COLD air should be used. There is no need to adjust the child's diet, but the cast should be covered while the child eats or drinks.

A child presents with a history of having had an upper respiratory tract infection2 weeks ago; complains of symmetrical lower extremity weakness, back pain, andmuscle tenderness; and has absent deep tendon reflexes in the lower extremities.Which of the following is true regarding this condition? 1. The disease process is probably bacterial. 2. The recent upper respiratory infection is not important information. 3. This may be an acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy. 4. CN involvement is rare.

3

A child with GBS is admitted to the pediatric unit. The child has had lots of oral fluids but has not urinated for 8 hours. The nurse's first action would be to do which of the following? 1. Check the child's serum blood-urea-nitrogen level. 2. Check the child's complete blood count. 3. Catheterize the child in and out. 4. Run water in the bathroom to stimulate urination

3

The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with Duchenne (pseudohypertrophic) muscular dystrophy. The nurse should tell them that some of the progressive complications include which of the following? 1. Dry skin and hair, hirsutism, protruding tongue, and mental retardation. 2. Anorexia, gingival hyperplasia, and dry skin and hair. 3. Contractures, obesity, and pulmonary infections. 4. Trembling, frequent loss of consciousness, and slurred speech.

3

While caring for a 9-year-old female in Buck's traction, which of the following actions by the nurse is correct? 1) The nurse encourages the child's 3 year-old sibling to sit on the bed and visit with the child. 2) The nurse helps the child learn how to raise and lower the head of her bed so she can complete her homework. 3) The nurse checks the capillary refill on the child's extremities every 4 hours. 4) The nurse teaches the child's mother to place the weights on the bedside table before the child uses the bedpan.

3 - Extra visitors should not be invited on the bed- especially a toddler who may think the weights at the end of the bed are toys. The head of the bed should only be raised or lowered with physician's orders, and this should be done minimally. The weights should ALWAYS be hanging freely.

A 15-year-old with spina bifida is seen in the clinic for a well-child checkup. The teen uses leg braces and crutches to ambulate. Which of the following nursing diagnoses takes priority? 1. Potential for infection. 2. Alteration in mobility. 3. Alteration in elimination. 4. Potential body image disturbance

4

A concerned mother calls the and tells you the following pieces of information about her 2-year-old son. Which statement by the mother most concerns you? 1) "I noticed that when my son is standing, his knees touch but his feet seem really far apart." 2) "My son's feet are so flat, even though he's been waking for 9 months now." 3) "My baby really hates it when I try to feed him broccoli and keeps spitting it out onto his plate." 4) "This morning when I was trying to dress him, my son cried nonstop when I tried to put his shirt on."

4

The Gower sign for assessing Duchenne muscular dystrophy can be elicited byhaving a patient do which of the following? 1. Close the eyes and touch the nose with alternating index fingers. 2. Hop on one foot and then the other. 3. Bend from the waist to touch the toes. 4. Walk like a duck and rise from a squatting position.

4

The mother of a 3 month old infant calls the clinic and says "why can't my baby hold his head up? Is he developmentally delayed?" Which response by the nurse is best? 1) "Your child is unlikely to be developmentally delayed, but we would like you to come to the clinic for a well-baby check-up." 2) "Infants do not typically hold their heads up on their own before age 6 months, so you have nothing to worry about." 3) "You sound very concerned. This may indicate a developmental delay, but we would like you to come to the clinic for a well-baby check-up and testing." 4) "Your infant may not hold his head up for a couple more months. This is nothing to be concerned about."

4

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a child recently diagnosed with CP. Whichof the following should be the nurse's priority goal? 1. Ensure the ingestion of sufficient calories for growth. 2. Decrease intracranial pressure. 3. Teach appropriate parenting strategies for a special-needs child. 4. Ensure that the child reaches full potential.

4

The nurse knows that teaching of parents of a child newly diagnosed with CP is successful when the parents state that CP is which of the following? 1. Inability to speak and drooling. 2. Poor dentition due to poor hygiene. 3. Involuntary movements of upper extremities only. 4. An increase in muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes

4

Which of the following should the nurse expect as an intervention in a child in therecovery phase of GBS? 1. Assess for respiratory compromise. 2. Assess for swallowing difficulties. 3. Evaluate neuropsychological functioning. 4. Begin an active physical therapy program

4

what is the test that the hip is adducted and dislocated. 1) Braxton's maneuver 2) Ortolani's sign 3) Trendelenburg's sign 4) Barlow's test

4

The day shift pediatric nurse receives report on the following 4 patients. After receiving report, which patient should the nurse assess first? 1) The 4-year-old female with cerebral palsy who admits with difficulty swallowing and a fever of 101.9. 2) The 9-month-old male with myelomeningocele who has absent deep tendon reflexes in bilateral lower extremities. 3) The 6-year-old male with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who appears sad and withdrawn. 4) The 7-year-old female with a spinal cord injury who reports numbness and tingling in her feet.

4 - Spinal cord injury is a medical emergency that requires immediate assessment. A fever and difficulty swallowing in a child with cerebral palsy may indicate aspiration pneumonia, so this child should be seen next. Absent deep tendon reflexes are expected in a child with myelomeningocele, related to the paralysis seen below the sac. A child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy may be sad or withdrawn due to corticosteroid medication side effects or chronicity of the diseas

t/f: we can place powder and lotion in the cast

FALSE

A neonate, who was delivered by Cesarean section for a breech presentation, is being examined in the neonatal nursery. For which of the following complications should the nurse carefully assess the baby? a. Developmental dysplasia of the hips (DDH) b. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) c. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) d. Legg-Calve-Perthes (LCP)

a

Parents are considering treatment options for their 5-year-old child with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Both surgical and conservative therapies are appropriate. They are able to verbalize the differences between the therapies when they make what statement? a. "If conservative measures are unsuccessful, surgical reconstruction may be necessary." b. "Our child cannot attend school during the treatment phase." c. "Conservative therapy will be required until puberty." d. "All therapies require extended periods of bed rest."

a

greenstick incomplete fracture a. compression on one cortex b. failure in tension on one side and compression on another c not a real fracture, just bent d. fracture involving some aspect of the growth plate and end of long bone

a

transverse complete fracture a. straight across a right angle to long axis of bone b. twisted corkscrew that is seen in child abuse c. diagonal or slanting break

a

You are the nurse working at a pediatrics clinic in Miami. You are assessing four amazingly awesome patients today. Which assessment finding concerns the nurse the most? A) The patient diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy demonstrating Gower's sign, waddling gait, and tachycardia B) The patient with cerebral palsy with scoliosis who is need of bracing C) The patient with myelomeningocele whose urine is cloudy and smells foul D) The patient with a brachial plexus injury who has an absent Moro's reflex

a - Tachycardia in the patient with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a sign of heart muscle weakening, a serious complicating of this disorder.

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the family and the 5 year old child who has received a cast for his broken lower leg. Which statement, if made by the legal guardian would indicate the need for further teaching? A) I can place ice on the affected leg for the first 2 days for an hour at a time B) I should make sure that the leg is elevated C) We can use a blow dryer to help relieve the itching inside the cast D) We should call in if my kid complains of severe, unrelieved pain in his leg

a -ice should only be used for periods of 20-30 minutes. All other pieces of information are correct

Which of the following does the nurse understand places the child with myelomeningocele at high risk for infection?select all that apply A) Neurogenic bladder B) Bowel incontinence C) Latex allergy D) Exposure of sac

a and d - Neurogenic bladder is the failure of the bladder to either store urine properly or empty itself of urine. Because of this urinary stasis occurs in the bladder placing the child at risk for infection. In myelomeningocele, the spinal cord is exposed, placing the child at high risk for infection. Immediate surgery is needed to help prevent infection from occurring. Bowel incontinence often occurs in children with myelomeningocele, but does not pose the same health risks as urinary incontinence. Latex allergy, although common, would not promote risk for infection alone. Corticosteroid use is not common in children with myelomeningocele.

what is internal fixation

a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

The 7 year old patient has had a cast on to heal his fracture of his arm. After the expected time period, the nurse is teaching a child about what to expect when removing his cast. Which of the following teaching points should the nurse include? Select All that Apply: A) "The cast could begin to feel really warm as the striker saw is taking the cast off" B) "The striker saw will be very loud" C) "Look, see, the saw won't be able to cut your skin" D) "Once the cast is removed we will soak your leg in warm water" E) "you will still need to keep your leg very still even after the cast is removed"

a, b, c, d

The nurse is caring for the patient with Russel's traction. Which of the following should the nurse include in this patients plan of care? SATA: A) Weight should remain off of the floor at all times B) Place a foot support to prevent foot drop C) Release traction for 5 minutes of every hour to provide skin care D) Ensure heel is resting on bed at all times E) Assess neurovascular status q 4 hours

a, b, e - With all traction, the weights should remain off of the floor at all times and should not be released periodically or stopped for any reason unless emergent. A foot support will be needed for this patient because foot drop could develop related to the heel being elevated without support. The heel should be off of the bed at all times, not resting on it. Neurovascular status should be assessed often on this patient (as often as vitals are done).

A 9-year-old child is in the hospital in skeletal traction after sustaining a simple closed fracture of the femur. Which of the following assessments should the nurse make during rounds with the child's orthopedist? The nurse should assess the: (Select all that apply) a. Capillary refill of the child's toes b. Wound for signs of redness, edema, ecchymosis, drainage, and approximation c. Child's bowel sounds or development of constipation d. Assess the skeletal pin sites for signs of infection e. Child's level of pain

a, c, d, e

Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to possibly see in the child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Select all that apply a) Protuberant belly b) Diminished intelligence c) Walking on the toes or balls of feet d) Gower's sign e) Spinal curvatures

a, c, d, e

developmental dysplasia of the hip is an issue with abduction or adduction

abduction

what is scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

how do you treat osteomyelitis

antibiotic treatment and sedation. Immobilization of body part, and surgery if abscesses are present.

A 5-year-old child, diagnosed with a greenstick fracture of the left ulna, is being discharged home from the emergency department in a fiberglass cast. Which of the following actions should the nurse make at this time? a. Inform the parents to use a hair dryer to facilitate the drying of the cast b. Educate the parents to monitor the temperature and color of the child's left hand c. Report the suspected child abuse case to the local child abuse agency d. Refer the family to a specialist to investigate the etiology for the unusual break

b

A nurse is assessing a 3 year old child in the pediatrics wellness clinic, which of the following would be least concerning to the nurse? a) The child is holding his right arm close to his chest and refusing to use it b) When the child stands with his knees together, his ankles are far apart c) The child's pelvis drops slightly whenever he walks d) The child is in the shortest percentile for his age group

b

A nurse who works with overweight children monitors them carefully for signs and symptoms of which of the following musculoskeletal illnesses? a. Duchenne muscular dystrophy b. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis c. Scoliosis d. Legg-Calve-Perthes

b

The nurse is educating the parents of a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) regarding priority actions that they should take when caring for their child. Which of the following actions should the nurse include during the teaching session? Immediately report to the child's primary health-care provider if the child: a. Has diarrhea b. Develops an upper respiratory infection c. Refuses to eat d. Complains of pain in any limbs

b

The nurse uses the five Ps to assess ischemia in a child with a fracture. What finding is considered a late and ominous sign? a. Posturing b. Pulselessness c. Pain d. Petaling

b

Which of the following clinical manifestations of developmental dysplasia of the hip would be seen in the newborn? A. Lordosis B. Ortolani sign C. Trendelenburg sign D. Telescoping of the affected limb

b

Which of the following problems is most often associated with myelomeningocele? A. Biliary atresia B. Hydrocephalus C. Craniosynostosis D. Tracheoesophageal fistula

b

buckle incomplete fracture a. compression on one cortex b. failure in tension on one side and compression on another c not a real fracture, just bent d. fracture involving some aspect of the growth plate and end of long bone

b

spiral complete fracture a. straight across a right angle to long axis of bone b. twisted corkscrew that is seen in child abuse c. diagonal or slanting break

b

The nurse is especially concerned to assess for adequate respiratory function in which of the following disease processes? Select all that apply: a) Spina bifida occulta b) Duchene muscular dystrophy c) Spinal Muscular Atrophy d) Brachial plexus injury e) Cerebral Palsy

b, c, e

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the family and the 9 year old child who has received a Gore-tex cast for his broken lower leg. The mother states to the nurse, "how do I know if something is going wrong with the cast?" The nurse should teach the mother to call the physician if: SATA A) The cast gets wet B) The toes become cold to the touch C) The child has a fever of 100 degrees for a couple hours D) The "petals" on the edge of the cast fall off E) The child feels extreme itchiness inside the cast

b, c, e Because this is a Gore-tex cast, it is allowed to get wet and would not be a cause for concern. Any decrease in the neurovascular status of the limb should be reported including coolness of the toes. A temperature of 101.5 degrees or higher for 24 hours or longer should be reported. Because this is a gore-tex cast, no petals should be placed around the edges of the cast (page 843). Extreme itchiness within the cast would be reason to call.

what examination skill is this for developmental dysplasia of the hip: shows restricted abduction and clicks with movement of femoral head coming out

barlow maneuver

why does growing pain occur in children

because the bone grows before the muscle

what is a complete fracture

both sides of bone are fractured

The nurse is assessing a young infant who comes in after being involved in a serious MVA. The nurse's priority would be? a) Assess for the presence of hypotonia or hypertonia of the neck b) Listen to respiratory sounds c) Brace the child's back to immobilize the child's spine d) Obtain a set of vital signs

c

The nurse knows that parents need further teaching with regard to the treatment of congenital clubfoot when they state what? a. "We'll keep the cast dry." b. "We'll watch for any swelling of the foot while the cast is on." c. "We're happy this is the only cast our baby will need." d. "We're getting a special car seat to accommodate the cast."

c

bowing incomplete fracture a. compression on one cortex b. failure in tension on one side and compression on another c not a real fracture, just bent d. fracture involving some aspect of the growth plate and end of long bone

c

oblique complete fracture a. straight across a right angle to long axis of bone b. twisted corkscrew that is seen in child abuse c. diagonal or slanting break

c

You are the nurse taking care of the infant just diagnosed with cerebral palsy. The mother of the child asks you, "What does this mean for my child?" What is the best response by the nurse? A) This means that you child will gradually lose more and more muscle mass until eventually they will be unable to sustain their respiratory function B) This is a disorder related to how your child was born. Most likely they sustained injury during the birthing process C) There really is no specific way to tell how this disease will affect your child other than it will affect the muscle tone and control in some way D) Why are you asking me? I ain't no doctor!

c - Cerebral Palsy is a term used to describe a range of nonspecific clinical symptoms characterized by abnormal motor pattern and postures caused by nonprogressive abnormal brain function.

The nursing student is helping to take care of the infant with myelomeningocele. Which of the following actions, if made by the student nurse, should the nurse intervene? a) The nursing student uses and overhead radiant heater to warm the baby b) The student keeps the perineum clean and dry c) The student puts an absorbent diaper on the baby to keep it dry d) The nursing student turns props the baby slightly to the side with a towel under the abdomen

c - Diapering is not done for infants with myelomeningocele in order to prevent putting pressure on the sac

Tommy is a young child who is started walking early in life and usually is very active and happy. His mother tells you of a slow change that has happened to her son, and that he is less active than he has been. He now seems tired a lot and has difficulty doing things he used to do, such as running and playing. Which of the following would the nurse want to assess first? a) Check the child's back for dimpling or a tuft of hair at the base of the spine b) Assess the child's pain level and level of consciousness c) The child's ability to stand up and walk d) The presence of infantile reflexes

c - child may be developing muscular dystrophy

Little baby joe was born with an outer sac on his spine. Which of the following would correlate with a diagnosis of myelomeningocele? SATA: A) Accompanying hydrocephalus B) Leakage of the CSF C) Absence of deep tendon reflexes D) Constant dribbling of urine E) Meninges of the spine in the sac

c and d

what is this? involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles

compartment syndrome

A 13-year-old girl, who has been diagnosed with scoliosis, has been ordered to wear a therapeutic brace for 20 hours each day. The nurse identifies which of the following nursing diagnoses for this child? a. Bathing Self-care Deficit b. Risk for Impaired Urinary EliminationI c. Ineffective Breathing Pattern d. Risk for Disturbed Body Image

d

A newborn with congenital clubfoot is being treated with successive casts. The parents ask why so many casts are required. The nurse should explain that: A. casts are needed for the traction. B. each cast is good for only 6 weeks. C. surgical intervention will not be necessary. D. They allow for gradual stretching of tight structures.

d

A school-age child has been diagnosed with a right ankle sprain. Which of the following actions should the nurse advise the child and parents to perform? a. Practice range of motion exercises until the pain is resolved b. Position the ankle at a level below that of the heart c. Surround the ankle in a heating pad at moderate heat d. Wrap the ankle in an ace bandage or an ankle brace

d

When assessing children at the pediatric clinic, which of the following would the nurse want to investigate further? A) The two year old who gained control of his head and neck muscles before he was able to walk B) The infant who has very brisk deep tendon reflexes C) The young child who trips and falls while running around D) The infant who demonstrates hypertonia soon after birth.

d

While assessing the newborn infant, the nurse notices a dimple with a tuft of hair at the bottom of the spine. What is the nurse's priority action? a) Place the child in the prone position to protect the area b) Soak a sterile dressing and place it over the area c) Notify the physician d) Educate the family on what this means for the child

d

epiphyseal incomplete fracture a. compression on one cortex b. failure in tension on one side and compression on another c not a real fracture, just bent d. fracture involving some aspect of the growth plate and end of long bone

d

what kind of fractures mostly get traction

epiphyseal plate fractures or femur fracture

where does growth of long bone occur?

epiphyseal plates

t/f: we can stick things in the cast

false

t/f: it is okay if the cast gets wet

false - we want to keep it clean and dry

what examination skill is this for devloremtnal dysplasia of the hip: showing one knee higher when Laying down and flexing knees

galeazzi sign

what do healing bones produce and why is this a good thing ?

healing bones produce calus! - this helps new bone growth and makes it stronger post injury so we want to see a lot of this post fracture injury

if there is injury at epiphyseal plates why is that an issue?

it can affect growth

if a child presents with increased pain with activity and decreased pain with no activity, what do you expect is the issue

legg calc perthes disease

what is an incomplete fracture

not broken all the way through

what examination skill is this for developmental dysplasia of the hip: Flex hips and knees to 90 and abduct the hip while pressing the femoral head anteriorly.

ortalini sign

what is this? infection of the bone from pins usually that causes pain, tenderness, swelling and decrease mobility

osteomylitits

if a child comes in with multiple fractures constantly what should you expect is the diagnosis

osteosis imperfecta

what is this? a child who has brittle bones with excessive bone fragility, blue sclera, discolored teeth and thin skin

osteosis imperfecta

what is this? injury caused by accumulated microtraumatic stress placed on a structure or body area due to sports year round

overuse syndrome

what is closed reduction

procedure in which the bone fragments are manipulated into their normal positions without surgery

how do we alleviate itching with casts?

put the blow dryer on cool and pat the cast

what condition usually occurs right before or after a growth spurt and causes pain in the hip with decrease in ROM in knee and hip

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

what is the name of the complete fracture that is seen most in child abuse

spiral

what kind of musculoskeletal injury is this? results from twisting, turning o fanlike or knee and you treat with RICE

sprain

what is open reduction

surgical realignment of broken bone ends

what is external fixation

the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside because you have so much damage that you cannot cast the patient

if you have severe scoliosis and require surgery how are you caring for them with post op

they need to be flat for 6-12 hours with log rolling - pain management, vitals, GI care, VS, I&O watch

what is the purpose of traction for fractures

to reduce a fracture or dislocated joint and correct a deformity

what is the goal with fixations or reductions of a fracture

to stabilize,align, immobilize and allow the bone to heal

t/f: Leakage of CSF would indicate a serious complication, not a common finding in myelomeningocele

true

t/f: with casts we want to asses distal digits and clean skin under cast with rubbing alcohol

true

how do we take care of the diapers on children with osteosis imperfecta

we raise the hips to take it off instead of pulling on the legs - WE NEED TO HANDLE THEM GENTLY

if you have moderate scoliosis and need to wear a brace, what is the education with that

you need to wear it 23 hours a day and monitor for skin integrity