Exam 4 Study Guide Part 2

seals have much higher levels of organic pollutants than the fish they eat because

Organic pollutants are hydrophobic and thus are not removed by the kidneys and excreted by the body through urination, instead they are stored and accumulated in the body fat.

Why are oyster farmers concerned about ocean acidification

When the pH level of ocean water decreases, carbonate ions become unavailable to organisms like oysters that use carbonate ions as building materials for their shells or skeletons.

all living things need carbon. How does carbon enter the living portion of terrestrial ecosystems

atmospheric CO2 taken in by photosynthesis

the tendency of toxins to accumulate in tip predators is called biological

biomagnification

How does an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases increase global temperatures

by preventing some of the heat from escaping the planet's surface

The western Great Plains of Colorado are also used as rangelands for cattle. In addition to productivity of the grassland, for ranger the digestibility of the grasses for the cattle is important. The researcher investigated thus how elevated CO2 levels affect the productivity and the digestibility of the three most common grass species of the western Great Plains of Colorado. The researchers summarized the results in two graphs. Based on the graphs, the experiment showed that

high production levels come at the cost of lower digestibility

which of the following data would you use to determine the levels of atmosphereic CO2 in 1750

ice cores from ice formed in 1750

The Asian kudzu bug (Megacopta cribaria) arrived in Atlanta in 2009 and is quickly spreading across the South. In addition to eating kudzu, it also eats soybeans and can decimate entire crops. The kudzu bug is a type of ________ species.

invasive

Why do some non-native species turn into invasive species?

lack of predators competitors and parasites

population A has 100 members. Population B has 10,000 members. both are growing exponentially at a 1% annual growth rate

population b will add more individuals in 1 year

To study how elevated CO2 levels might affect the vegetation of the western Great Plains of Colorado, a research group conducted an experiment where exposed plots of grasslands to one of three treatment: 1) no manipulation (i.e. control plot), 2) current atmospheric concentrations of CO2 within an enclosure placed over the plot, or 3) twice the current atmospheric concentrations of CO2 within an enclosure placed over the plot. The researchers summarized their results in a graph. Based on the graph, the experiment showed that

prairie grasses grew best at the highest CO2 levels

underlying causes of extinction and reduction of wildlife populations include all of the following except

sustainable development

the current extinction crises differs from previous mass extinctions in that

the current crisis is caused by human activities

top predators like wolves occur in much smaller members than their prey, because ?

the efficiency of energy transfer is relatively low between trophic levels thus fewer animals can be supported with increase of the trophic level.

terrestrial biomes are defined in a large part by

the plants that live there

in relation to a food web , what do green plants and photosynthetic algae have in common

they are both predators