Exam II, Modules5-6; GLY1102, Sum20

Which of the foot structures is a theropod foot?

A.

The_____ is the largest theropod.

Spinosaurus

Based on what we see in the fossil record, the social structure of plateosaurus was likely:

herds - large numbers of individuals living together.

The prosauropod mussaurus gets its name from:

its tiny mouse-like size.

Sauropod skulls are easy to distinguish from other dinosaurs by:

large nasal openings on/near the tops of their heads

Over time, evolutionary modification made the vertebrae in psauropods:

lighter

The name Theropoda is misleading. In latin, the name means "____ foot", but the feet of dinosaurs in this group are actually more similar to ______.

mammal / birds

Members of the Tyrannosaurid clade are all of ____ age.

mid Jurassic - Late Cretaceous

Over time, evolutionary modification made the vertebrae in sauropods:

much lighter in weight.

Sauropod babies are thought to have added roughly ___ tons of weight per year until they reached about 20 years of age, and continuing to grow (at a slower rate) after that.

2

If you were looking at a dinosaur trackway for T-Rex footprints (or any theropod), you would look for a print with ___ toes.

3

One of the defining traits of theropods is that they have ___ or fewer fingers on each hand.

4

Oviraptors likely ate:

A variety of things, including clams, lizards, and possibly plants.

Which of the following dinosaurs had partially air-filled bones, making them lighter and faster than other dinosaurs of similar size?

Allosaurus

New evidence from an isotopic study of preserved teeth from deinoychus (aka velociraptor) indicated that:

Baby/juvenile raptors had a very different diet from adults

True or false: Prosauropods existed earlier in geologic time than sauropods.

Correct Answer: True

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of being a large animal?

Digest food more easily

There are several anatomy clues that tell us spinosaurs spent a lot of time in the water, based on the characteristics of modern water-dwelling animals. Which of the following is NOT one of the clues?

Evidence of an internal fish-like "swim bladder".

T/F Troodontid dinosaurs had the smallest brains relative to body size of any dinosaur

False

T/F: Troodontid dinosaurs had the smallest brains relative to body size of any dinosaur.

False

The latest views on prosauropods is that they were the ancestors of sauropods.

False

Most diplodocus used their long necks to:

Graze grasses and short vegetation

Based on what we see in the fossil record, the social structure of the Plateosaurus was likely:

Herds

Compared to other sauropods, diplodocus was:

Less heavy and smaller in size

The ancestry of modern birds is found within which clade of theropods?

Maniraptorans

Compared to diplodocus, camarasaurus skulls were:

Much shorter in the snout

Camarasaurus skulls had which of the following features:

Spoon shaped teeth

Spinosuarus looks like a dinosaur mixed with a crocodile. Which of the following is not used as evidence they spent most of their time in or near rivers?

The fossilized bones show water damage

Sauropods had an unusual arrangement of its nasal passages compared to other clades in that:

The nasal passages sat on top of the skull, above their eye

Early ancestors of the T-rex had longer arms, but arm length seems to have shrunk as:

Their heads got bigger and stronger.

Theropods have ___ or less fingers on their hands and __ toes.

Theropods have 4 or less fingers on their hands and 3 toes.

The prosauropod mussaurus helped paleontologists discover what interesting fact aout baby sauropods?

They crawl on all fours before they walk bi-pedally.

T/F The sauropod clade includes the largest dinosaurs, and the largest land animals that ever existed.

True

T/F: All theropods were bi-peds (meaning they walk on two feet).

True

T/F: Like modern birds, Theropod dinosaurs had wishbones.

True

T/F: The only known specimen of Aucasaurus died from head wounds inflicted by another dinosaur.

True

True or False: Like modern birds, Theropod dinosaurs had wishbones.

True

True or false: all members of the prosauropodomorph clade were plant eaters.

True

True or false: some sauropod dinosaurs had baby teeth that were replaced by adult teeth as they grew up.

True! It is likely that little sauropods had a very different diet than adults, and needed different teeth as babies.

When tyrannosaurs ran, they kept their arms:

Tucked against their sides.

One of the classic features of all members of the prosauropodomorph clade is:

Very long necks

The only sauropod found in North America at the end of the cretaceous is

alamosaurus

Procoelous, opistocoelous and amphicoelious are all types of:

arrangement for the ball and socket joints of vertebrae.

Procoelous, opistocolous, and amphicoelious are all types of:

arrangements for the ball and socket joints of vertebrae.

The numerous plateosaurus fossils found in one location in Germany were thought to have died from:

being caught in a mudslide during a storm.

The name Ornithopoda is confusing. In latin, the name means "____ foot", but the feet of dinosaurs in this group are actually more similar to ______.

bird / mammals

The teeth of Spinosaurus were:

cone-shaped and didn't have serrated edges.

The very large claw on the front limbs of Plateosaurus are assumed to be for:

cutting thick/tough plants.

The very large claw on the front limbs of plateosaurus are assumed to be for:

cutting thick/tough plants.

Procoelous and Amphicoelious?

different types of ball and socket joints for vertebrae

Which of the following is not a benefit of being a large animal:

digest food more easily.

Most diplodocus used their long necks to:

graze on grasses and short vegetation.

All Theropod dinosaurs:

had feet and body plans that allowed for quick movement.

Brachiosaurus can be distinguished from other sauropods by:

having especially long front legs compared to their hind legs

Compared to diplodocus, camarasaurus skulls were:

much shorter in the snout.

Coelophysis was a primitive bird-like theropod that likely:

nested in colonies.

Sauropodomorpha consists of two clades, the _____ and _____.

prosauropods and sauropods

Most sauropodomorphs have _________ shaped teeth.

spatula

Which dinosaur is considered to be the largest theropod in overall size?

spinosaurus

Camarasaurus skulls had which of the following features?

spoon-shaped teeth

The "sauropod hiatus" refers to:

the absence of sauropod fossils in North America through most of the Cretaceous

The unusual thing about the jaw of the prosauropod plateosaurus was:

the jaw joint was well below the level of its teeth.

Sauropods had an unusual arrangement of its nasal passages compared to other clades in that:

the nasal passage sat on top of the skull, above their eyes.

The Oviraptor (a.k.a. "egg-thief") was given its name because the first fossil to be examined showed it was buried as it hovered over a nest of dinosaur eggs. More detailed study revealed the eggs most likely belonged to:

the oviraptor itself.

The dinosaur Aucasaurus is considered the best example of dinosaurs in the clade Ceratosauria. Aucasuarus' most distinctive trait was:

the smallest arms and hands of any theropod.

Spinosaurus got its name from:

the very large flat spines that come off its backbone.

Humans stabilize ourselves while running by swinging out arms. Tyrannosaurs stabilize themselves wit:

their tails

Which of the following is assumed to be true of adult sauropods?

they stayed on their feet their entire adult lives.

Evidence for group/herd behavior in sauropods is provided by _____.

trackways

One of the classic features of all members of the prosauropodomorph clade is:

very long necks.

Diplodocus had a tail that was unique compared to other sauropods in that it:

was very long and flexible like a whip.

One of the reasons we think that the famous oviraptor-on-a-nest was most likely killed/buried by either sand dune collapse or a sand storm because:

wind-blown desert sand grains surrounding the fossil.