Exam Part 4 - Corrections

A residential facility, where offenders live while they are transitioning into the community and receive counseling, education, and treatment, is a

halfway house

The majority of the cost of confining senior citizens in prisons and jails can be attributed to

health care

The most common formal sanction for criminal behavior is

incarceration

The number of inmates housed in private prisons has ________ in the past two decades.

increased

Jeff is under community supervision in Los Angeles County for committing a felony. He has a prior record, so his community supervision entails mandated restitution, house arrest, and bi-weekly meetings with his probation officer. Jeff is most likely serving

intensive-supervision probation

Approximately 1 out of every __________ adult American is under some form of correctional supervision.

36

Women make up approximately ________ percent of state and federal inmates in the United States.

7

About ________ percent of ordered restitution is actually collected.

7%

Approximately ________ of inmates are eventually released and return to the community.

95%

If you have committed a serious crime and have not been granted bail, you will most likely be held in a ________ while awaiting trial

jail

If you were accused of committing a crime and have not been released on bail prior to your trial, you are most likely being held in a

jail

If you were charged with a minor offense and sentenced to less than one year of incarceration, you would most likely be incarcerated in a

jail.

One of the main goals of community corrections is

All these answers are correct

The goal of parole is to

All these answers are correct

Which of the following is a goal of house arrest or home confinement?

All these answers are correct

Upon entering prison, most inmates go through a process where they learn and adopt the values and norms of the prison. Some of these values and norms include not portraying themselves as weak or needy, not associating with corrections officers, and not snitching on others. The norms and values of prisons that inmates learn is referred to as the

inmate code

Which group of inmates is considered to be on the bottom of the hierarchy of prison society?

inmates convicted of sex offenses

Jack and Jill are both convicted of driving under the influence. Jack is sentenced to 9 months in jail while Jill is sentenced to 6 months on probation. Jack's sentence is for ________ corrections

institutional

Part of the sentence for Marcus is to check in daily at a center where he reports his daily activities, is tested for drugs, and receives treatment. The location where Marcus checks in is a

day reporting center.

Beginning in the 1950s, most of the mental health hospitals in the United States were closed, and mentally ill individuals were returned to the community. The process of closing mental hospitals and returning the mentally ill to the community is called

deinstitutionalization

What has research indicated concerning the cost-effectiveness of private prisons?

Private prisons as just as expensive as government-run prisons to operate.

What did a study in Canada find concerning harsh punishments?

Researchers found that adolescents who received harsh punishment were more likely to be rearrested.

What is true concerning the effectiveness of harsh punishments as deterrents to crime?

The threat of harsh punishment does not necessarily reduce crime.

Foreign-born offenders are often infected with

Tuberculosis (TB)

As a member of the Aryan Brotherhood, prison administrators want to segregate you and your fellow members, from the general population of the prison. As a result, they place all known members of the Aryan Brotherhood in a special location in the prison, often called

a gang block

Jack and his cell-mate Vlad get into an argument one day. Jack assaults Vlad and is put into solitary confinement. Because he has been targeted, Vlad is also removed from general population. It is likely that Vlad is placed into

administrative segregation.

Intermediate sanctions

all of the above could be part of an intermediate sanction

The belief that harsh punishments reduce crime is based on the assumption that

all of these answers are correct

One of the goals of intermediate sanctions is to divert

an offender from prison

The majority of jail inmates

are awaiting arraignment or trial.

Researchers in California who examined the relationship between caseload size and property crime found that

as probation caseloads increased, property crime increased

Which of the following is NOT a standard or traditional probation condition?

attending drug and alcohol treatment

Steve, Brandon, and Dylan are three friends who have been convicted of burglary. After their sentencing, they are all sent to a prison where they take many tests to determine their programming needs. After they complete these tests, they are each sent to a different prison. Steve does not have a prior prison record and is considered a nonviolent offender, so he is sent to a prison where he resides in a dormitory-style housing unit and has a great deal of freedom of movement. Brandon, like Steve, does not have a prior prison record, and is sent to a prison where he must share his cell with another inmate and he does not have very many opportunities for educational or vocational programs. Finally, Dylan is considered to be a high security risk given his prior record and his behavior while he was on bail awaiting trial. He is sent to a prison where he is subject to a count at least four times a day and spends very little time outside of his cell. The testing process that Steve, Brandon, and Dylan go through after being sentenced is referred to as

classification

Bob has been incarcerated in California for the past 5 years. During his sentence, he was able to have monthly visits with his wife where they were given a private trailer on the prison grounds. Bob has been granted a ________ visit with his wife.

conjugal

________ is society's effort to punish and treat those who break the law.

corrections

If Joe is incarcerated in a prison where criminals are viewed as ill, and he receives treatment to cure his "illness," the prison is centered around the

medical model

The goal of restorative justice is to repair the harm caused to the community, the victim, and the

offender

Private prisons have gained popularity in the United States because of

overcrowded prisons

Sally has just finished serving an 8-10 year prison sentence for a drug offense. She was granted release by a group of people assembled to determine if an offender may return to his or her community to serve the remainder of his or her sentence. This board is made up of citizens with experience in criminal justice and related fields. Sally's release decision was made by the

parole board

One of the responsibilities of the probation officer is to create a report for a judge that includes information on an offender's criminal history, employment and education history, and mental and physical health, among other things. This report is then used by the judge when he or she is sentencing the offender. This report is called the

presentence investigation

If you have been convicted of a serious violent crime and have been sentenced to 8 years of incarceration, you are most likely residing in a

prison

Upon entering prison, most inmates go through a process where they learn and adopt the values and norms of the prison. Some of these values and norms include not portraying themselves as weak or needy, not associating with corrections officers, and to always be suspicious of the motives of others. The process of learning these norms and values is called

prisonization.

Unlike men, women develop emotional bonds with other inmates; they often develop ________ while they are incarcerated

pseudo-families

The most common form of treatment for mentally ill inmates is

psychotropic medications.

Most male inmates divide themselves by

race

________ is the habitual relapse into criminal behavior.

recidivism

There are two goals of probation. One is to protect society. The other is to

rehabilitate the offender.

Researchers who study punishment believe that the motive for harsh punishment is not deterrence but

retribution

Some community corrections agencies use tools to determine which offenders are at risk for future offending. Once they identify these offenders, they can target services to high-risk offenders. This type of treatment is referred to as

risk-based treatment.

Steve is a convicted sex offender who has been in prison for 15 years. His sentence is completed, but authorities are worried that he might commit future sex offenses. Because of this fear, Steve is released from prison and held in an institution indefinitely. Steve has been

sent into a civil commitment program

Tom overhears another inmate talking about his girlfriend and the inmate calls her a "mule." If this inmate's girlfriend is a mule, she most likely

smuggled drugs into the prison

Jack and Jill are both convicted of armed robbery. At the sentencing hearing, the judge sentences Jack to 10 years in prison and orders him to pay a fine of $1,120 as well as restitution to the victims. Jill, on the other hand, is sentenced to only 5 years in prison and must pay a fine of $750; she does not have to pay any restitution. Jill's sentence, which is more lenient than Jack's for the same crime, provides an example of

the chivalry hypothesis

There are two reasons a parolee can have his or her parole revoked. If, for 4 weeks in a row, you failed a weekly drug/alcohol test, failed to report to your parole officer, and were found to be associating with known felons, and your parole is revoked, it is revoked because of

the commission of technical violations.

Which of the following is NOT one of the rights that probationers are entitled to when they are facing probation revocation

the right to a jury trial

What has research found concerning the effectiveness of faith-based prisons?

their effectiveness was not clear

Suppose Joe is incarcerated in a prison where there is a focus on treatment. The prison views the inmates as "sick" and tries to "cure" their criminal behavior. Joe is most likely incarcerated in a(n)

therapeutic prison

Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of shock probation?

to combine a prison or jail sentence to "shock" offenders with probation in an effort to deter them from future criminal behavior

The main goal of the corrections system, under the corrections philosophy, was to

transform offenders into law-abiding citizen

Suppose you have been convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol and you are ordered by the sentencing judge to attend an event where the family members of victims killed as a result of driving under the influence speak about the effects of the crime. You have been sentenced to a(n)

victim-impact panel

To measure success of probation, a measure of recidivism is often used-specifically,

whether or not the offender has been rearrested