exam prep 2 for abnormal

How many symptom groups are there in PTSD?

4

Jennifer has a bedtime routine that she has to follow in exactly the same order every night. Her family participates in this routine, and she gets upset if things happen in a different order. Jennifer is most likely which of the following?

A child

Joshua has OCD. You might also expect which of the following to be true?

A sibling would have TTM

When referred for psychological treatment, which ethnic group is likely to have more severe symptoms of OCD?

African Americans

Which group is most likely to report contamination-related obsessions?

African Americans

Which of the following is accurate regarding OCD?

Among children, more boys than girls have the disorder.

What is associated with increased anxiety?

Amygdala, Prefrontal cortex, and Limbic system

Which of the following OCRDs has the greatest overlap with OCD?

BDD

Dr. Clark believes that Riley's BDD is caused by the positive reinforcement she received about her appearance from family members when she was young and from peers as she grew older. Dr. Riley likely belongs to which orientation?

Behavioral

Why do biological theories of anxiety disorders consider serotonin to be important?

Biochemical challenges that alter serotonin levels are related to increases or decreases in feelings of anxiety, Serotonin is lower in the CSF of people with anxiety disorders, and People who are prescribed SSRIs, which increase serotonin, report that their feelings of anxiety decrease.

A group of rats are given a drug to trigger OCD symptoms so that they can be studied in a lab. This is called which of the following?

Biological challenge studies

Which of the following are part of the four groups of specific phobias?

Blood/injection/injury phobia, Animal phobia, and Natural environment phobia

Ellen believes that her face, which looks normal to others, is full of gaping pores and huge, ugly splotches. She likely has which disorder?

Body dysmorphic disorder

David is terrified of going on a date because he has the constant belief that his date will "make fun of him" and that he will "say a bunch of wrong things." Which treatment orientation might be best suited for David?

CBT

Dr. Warren is working with his new client on how to change the client's incorrect perception about his normal symptoms of stress. Dr. Warren is most likely using which approach?

CBT

Which of the following statements regarding SSRIs is accurate?

Children should be monitored for increased suicidal thoughts.

Clyde and Sarah just watched their teammate fail at an important athletic competition. Clyde then succeeded at the competition, and Sarah failed. Based on this scenario, which of the following is most likely to be accurate?

Clyde had succeeded earlier in the same competition.

Dr. Wells believes that Adrian's BDD is caused by irrational thoughts about himself and the world. Dr. Wells is likely from which orientation?

Cognitive

Jason has hoarding disorder and believes that his possessions are "necessary for survival." This reflects which perspective on disorders?

Cognitive

Which of the following is accurate regarding kleptomania?

Comorbid mood disorder is common.

Robert goes to a therapist and reports feeling like his body is separate from his mind, resulting in intense confusion and disorientation. This likely represents which of the following?

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

In a therapy session, Samantha switches from one name to another, taking on different personalities. This likely represents which of the following?

Dissociative identity disorder

Dr. James believes that his client's pyromania may be caused by the reinforcing effects of setting a fire, that is, the "rush" or pleasure experienced by the client when he is watching the fire burn. Based on this information, which of the following is most likely to be accurate?

Dr. James is a behaviorist.

Clive has PTSD. Whenever he hears a car horn, he feels an incredible sense of panic. This scenario describes which of the following?

Exaggerated startle response

Anxiety is generally conceptualized as involving each of the following

Future-oriented, Sympathetic nervous system, and Fight-or-flight response

Randy's house is full of old newspapers and junk. It is hard to even walk through the rooms because there is so much garbage everywhere. Randy may likely have which of the following?

Hoarding disorder

The inability to discard possessions due to distress from losing them reflects which of the following most closely?

Hoarding disorder

John feels the need to steal a backpack, but instead stops and imagines himself resisting the urge. This method is called which of the following?

Imaginal desensitization

Which of the following is accurate regarding Critical Incident Stress Debriefing?

It can sometimes lead to more harm than benefit.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a panic attack?

It includes chest pain, It includes heart palpitations, and It involves a fear of dying

Which of the following is true regarding pyromania?

It may cause significant distress and suicidal thoughts.

Children may not experience the same sense of worry as adults due to a lack of ___________

Metacognition

The two-factor theory of fear acquisition was developed by _______

Mowrer

SSRIs are most effective at treating which of the following?

OCD

Which of the following is accurate concerning OCD?

OCD may have several different subtypes, OCD has been linked to specific brain regions, and OCD has a strong genetic component

Which of the following is not associated with increased anxiety?

Occipital lobe

After being in a car accident, Karen had a lot of feelings of shame and regret. This is most likely a symptom of which of the following?

PTSD

A discrete period of intense fear and physical arousal is called ___________

Panic attack

Which of the following statements about anxiety disorders is true?

Panic attacks may be a symptom of many anxiety disorders, Anxiety disorders are equally common among the three largest ethnic groups in the United States, and Comorbidity with depression and other anxiety disorders is common.

Which of the following are likely to be comorbid with OCD?

Panic disorder, GAD, and Social anxiety

David is seeing a doctor about his anxiety, and the doctor constantly asks David for details about his childhood relationship with his parents. This doctor is likely using which treatment orientation?

Psychodynamic

Dr. Smith's new patient describes a compulsion involving repeatedly washing her hands. Dr. Smith believes that the hand washing represents the patient's sexual fantasies. Dr. Smith likely uses which orientation?

Psychodynamic

Kyle participates in an experiment in which his brain is scanned while he is asked to look at objects that might trigger his OCD. This is called which of the following?

Psychological challenge studies

Sergio served in Iraq and fought in several difficult battles. Now whenever he hears a car backfire, he jumps out of his chair thinking that he is under attack. Sergio is showing a classic symptom of PTSD called

Re-experiencing

Which of the following are part of the criteria for a diagnosis of pyromania?

Relief related to setting fires, Deliberate and purposeful fire setting on more than one occasion, and Emotional arousal before the act

Sharron has combat-related PTSD. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

She has another anxiety disorder as well.

Craig is so nervous at parties that he feels he could have a panic attack at any moment. He likely suffers from _________

Social anxiety disorder

Joshua is terrified of going to the doctor to receive his necessary immunizations. He most likely has which disorder?

Specific phobia

Randall had the sudden thought "I'm going to be attacked any moment!" This is an example of:

Subjective distress

Which of the following criteria determine if phobia should be applied to a specific fear?

The fear causes significant emotional distress for the person and/or impairs the person's ability to function

Which of the following is accurate regarding anxiety disorders?

They are associated with decreased serotonin levels.

Which of the following is true regarding OCD and TTM?

They both involve repeating behaviors.

Which of the following is accurate regarding SSRIs?

They increase serotonin levels.

Which of the following is true regarding anxiety disorders?

They occur more often in women than men

John and Derek are 6-month-old infants. When Derek does not get a toy he wants, he screams loudly, while John remains passive and calm. This difference in behavior reflects which of the following?

Trait anxiety

James checks the locks on his door every time he has a bad thought. This might be an example of ____

a compulsion

The currently available data on the heritability of anxiety disorders suggest that

a general vulnerability factor or anxiety proneness is what is inherited

Fear of situations such as public transportation, enclosed spaces, lines or crowds, of being outside of the home alone is a main symptom of

agoraphobia

Ryan had the thought that "if I don't wash my hands three times, my family will die." This might be an example of ____

an obsession

Sam has a spider phobia, and he has not gone to the woodshed since his wife complained of all the cobwebs in there. He has responded behaviorally with

avoidance

Though appearing normal to everyone else, James believes that his right arm is ugly and that other people find him repulsive because of it. He likely has which of the following?

body dysmorphic disorder

Although PTSD affects people of all ages, genders, and ethnic backgrounds, it is slightly different in children because

children engage in traumatic play

Derealization or depersonalization (feelings of being detached from one's body or one's surroundings), fear of losing control or going crazy, and fear of dying are

cognitive symptoms of panic attack

A client goes to see a therapist with the following complaints: She feels detachment from her body and is experiencing herself as strange or unreal. In some situations she feels as if she were watching herself. The therapist says she is experiencing

depersonalization

Todd is afraid of flying. He is invited for a job interview that requires air travel. He has a panic attack while preparing for his interview a week before his flight. His panic attack would fall under what type?

expected

Dr. Smith is hoping that his patient with OCD will experience reduced anxiety and less frequent obsessions when he is asked to face situations that provoke obsessions and make him anxious. The term referring to this treatment process is __________

exposure

The common ingredient in the most effective forms of behavioral and cognitive behavioral treatments of anxiety is

exposure

A patient is referred to a neurologist for isolated memory loss; the diagnosis of dissociative amnesia is made. The most likely etiology in this patient is

extreme emotional trauma

For the past year, Maya has been experiencing uncontrollable worry about the future of her business, crime in the neighborhood, whether her husband truly cares for her, and her children's health. All of these concerns are out of proportion to the actual situation. She may be experiencing

generalized anxiety disorder

Which of the following have been suggested as related to DID?

head injury, trauma, and failure of developmental process

Ryan is being treated for anxiety about flying, and his doctor asks him to imagine being on an airplane. This method of treatment is called ______

imaginal exposure

Jason is very wealthy but finds that he cannot resist stealing jewelry and money whenever he has an opportunity. He may be diagnosed with _________

kleptomania

Fred has OCD, so the excitatory pathway of his brain may be ______?

overactive

Heart palpitations (pounding heart or accelerated heart rate), sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, choking, chest pain, nausea, and dizziness are

physiological symptoms of panic attack

The three elements of anxiety and fear are

physiology, cognition, and behavior

Patients with factitious disorders have which of the following characteristics?

self-administered injuries

Parents go to a clinical psychologist asking about their child who seems to worry all the time about being hurt. He refuses to go to school and won't sleep alone. On the way to school, he often develops stomachaches or headaches. The clinical psychologist suggests that the child be evaluated for

separation anxiety disorder

Stuart has never had a romantic partner. When he talks with his therapist, he says that he is afraid to ask anyone out because he becomes extremely anxious about initiating and maintaining conversations. He is likely to have

social anxiety disorder

A normal source of anxiety for a 1- to 2-year-old child is

strangers

Some experts argue that dissociative identity disorder (DID) is an iatrogenic disease, which means that it is caused by

the experience of therapy itself

The sociocultural model postulates that DID develops when individuals use cues from

the media, other people who display multiple identities, therapists

Sally was extremely apprehensive about her meeting next week with her boss to discuss her annual performance review although she had been doing well at work. She was experiencing excessive

worry