FACS Final
Which of these is considered a reasonable rate of weight loss for an overweight person?
.5 to 2 pounds per week
At rest, the typical body stores of glycogen can provide energy for a maximum of about ______________.
1 day
At what age does the AAP suggest that infants can be switched from breast milk or formula to cow's milk?
1 year
How much time is usually needed in vigorous activity to cause depletion of glycogen reserves?
1-2 hrs
What is the normal pH of the stomach?
1.5-1.7
The USDA Food Guide recommends that at least _______ of grains consumed should be from whole grain sources.
1/2
Which of the following provides the most fiber?
1/2 cup navy beans
Which of the following is considered a reasonable rate (not too fast but not exceedingly slow) of weight loss for an overweight person?
10% of body weight over 6 months
Approximately how many pounds of added sugars are consumed by the average U.S. resident each year?
105
Which of the following is NOT recommended daily by the Daily Food Guide for a person needing 2000 kcalories?
12 ounces of grains
As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to assure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight?
1200
A food contains 9 grams of protein, 12 grams of carbohydrate, 7 grams of fat and 100% of the RDA for Vitamin C. What is its kcalorie content?
147
According to the FDA, a food that is high or an "excellent" source of a particular nutrient must contain at least ________ % of the RDA for that nutrient.
20
An acceptable level of fat intake would be ___________ % of the daily kcalorie intake.
20-35
On a food label, the "% Daily Value" table compares key nutrients per serving for a person consuming how many kcalories?
2000
What is the approximate value for the thermic affect of a 2200 kcalorie diet?
220
About what percentage of Heme iron is available for absorption?
25%
Ideally, the normal weight pregnant woman will gain about____ pounds during pregnancy.
25-35
The recommended intake of dietary fiber for an adult is about ____________ grams per day.
25-35
What is the approximate value for the thermic affect of a 2500 kcalorie diet?
250 kcal
What is the appropriate water intake for a 65 kg adult with an energy expenditure of 2500 kcalories/day?
2500-3250
Some of the cereals listed in the text have 15 grams of sucrose. Approximately how many teaspoons is 15 grams of sucrose?
3 teaspoons
The American Heart Association and other health agencies avocate the limiting of dietary fat intake to no more than about _________ % of the total daily kcalorie intake.
30%
A recommended pregame meal includes plenty of fluids and provides between:
300 and 800 kcalories, mostly from carbohydrate-rich foods
Energy needs during the second and third trimesters pregnancy increase by about:
300-400 kcalories/day
If a meal providing 1200 kcalories contains 44 grams of total fat, what is the percentage of total kcalories supplied by fat?
33
An infant should begin eating strained solid foods between:
4 and 6 months
What is the RDA for protein for a 110 pound woman?
40 grams
A high risk of weight related health problems is seen in men whose waist circumference begins to exceed _________
40 inches
What is the RDA for protein for a woman whose ideal weight is 132 pounds?
48 grams
One teaspoon of FAT weighs approximately _______ grams and provides about _______kcalories.
5, 45
Which of these people is LEAST likely to develop an iron deficiency?
52 year old man
The AAP suggests that an infant should begin eating strained solid foods at around ___________ of age.
6 months
The USDA "My Pyramid" plan for a 2000 kcalorie diet recommends what quantity of healthy oils daily?
6 teaspoons
To help prevent body fat gain, the DRI suggests daily, moderately intense, physical activities totaling
60 minutes
The Daily Value for fat for a person needing 2000 kcalories per day (as listed on the food label) is a maximum of __________grams per day.
65
When an adult gains an extra 10 pounds of body weight, approximately how much of this weight is fat?
7.5 lbs
Approximately what percentage of US adults is classified as underweight?
<5%
Which of the following represents the results of well-controlled studies of vitamin C supplementation on the resistance to, and recovery from, colds?
There was only a minor effect on reducing the duration of colds.
All of the following may be functions of body electrolytes EXCEPT
They aid with blood clotting
Persons with PKU should avoid which of the following sugar alternatives?
Asparatame
What vitamin has been taken in large amounts by women in hopes of combatting the symptoms of pre-menstrual syndrome?
B-6
Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of
Thiamin
Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of
Thiamine
Total abstinence from alcohol consumption during pregnancy is necessary.
True
When the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, what amino acid can be used by the body to synthesize niacin?
Tryptophan
The level beyond which a nutrient may be toxic is known as the
UL
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis?
Use of diuretics
What is the name of the projections on the inner surface of the small intestine?
Villi
Which of the following poses the greatest health risk when consumed in large amounts?
Vitamin A and D supplements
What vitamin does meat provide that is NOT in plant-based diets?
Vitamin B12
Which of the following is NOT an advantage to a vegetarian diet?
Vitamin B12 intake is higher
The absorption of iron from iron-containing foods can increase dramatically when consumed along with foods containing which nutrient?
Vitamin C
Which of the following is an example of a micronutrient?
Vitamin C
Cholesterol is a precursor of which of the following vitamins?
Vitamin D
Which of the following is NOT an energy-yielding food component?
Vitamins
Which of the following describes a connection between physical activity and energy expenditure?
Walking a mile uses about the same energy as running a mile
What nutrient becomes depleted the most rapidly during physical exercise and needs replaced during exercise when possible?
Water
Which of these would be the BEST choice for fluid replacement for a noncompetitive, everyday active person?
Water
Which of the following would be the poorest source of vitamin C?
Whole grains
Which of the following breads has the highest fiber content?
Whole-grain
According to the principles of diet planning, balance refers to
a diet that includes consuming appropriate quantities of different foods
Colostrum is
a yellowish breast secretion high in antibodies.
In what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with highest risks for cardiovascular disease and diabetes?
abdomen
According to the principles of diet planning, moderation refers to a diet that ____________.
allows for the occasional consumption of empty-kcalorie foods, but not too often
The progressive overload principle can be applied by performing:
an activity with more intensity
Which of the following would most readily induce a Vitamin K deficiency?
antibiotic therapy
The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n)
antioxidant
After consuming a very large meal, the desire to eat a slice of chocolate cake is an example of behavior known as
appetite
Saturated fatty acids ____________________.
are fully loaded with hydrogen
Persons with PKU should avoid which of the following sugar alternatives?
aspartame
If a person consumed a fiber supplement containing 500 mg of fiber, he/she would ______________.
Be adding an insignificant amount of fiber to the diet
Among the following, which does not contain the MFP factor?
Beans
Which of the following represents a rationale for setting the RDA for energy?
Because a margin a safety would result in excess energy intake for a large number of people, the figures are set at the average energy intake.
Which of the following does NOT describe a function of fat?
Best source of energy for the brain
Which of the following substances is converted into Vitamin A by the body?
Beta carotene
Which of the following is characteristic of the eating pattern of people with bulimia nervosa?
Binge eating typically occurs after a period of strict dieting
The rate at and the extent to which a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body is known as its
Bioavailability
Which of the following is a common measure of protein quality?
Biological value
Which of the following is an early sign of vitamin C deficiency?
Bleeding gums
As far as is known, Vitamin A does NOT play a role in which of the following processes?
Blood clotting
What chief capacity does vitamin K function?
Blood clotting
The components of fitness include all of the following EXCEPT
Bone fragility
Which of the following would most likely indicate a Vitamin D deficiency?
Bowed legs
Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?
Broiled shrimp
Which of the following symptoms is indicative of a deficiency of vitamin C?
bleeding gums and pinpoint hemorrhages
Vitamin or mineral supplements taken just before an athletic event are useless for improving performance because the
body needs hours or days for the nutrients to do their work.
Which of the following characteristics is shared by olive oil and canola oil?
both contain high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids
Iron bioavailability from complete meals is known to be affected significantly by each of the following substances EXCEPT
Caffeine
Iron bioavailability from complete meals is known to be improved significantly by each of the following substances EXCEPT
Calcium supplementation
Which of the following is characteristic of an essential nutrient?
Cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body
The technique endurance athletes use to maximize glycogen stores is calle
Carbohydrate loading
Salt-sensitive population groups include all of the following EXCEPT
Caucasians
Of the following foods, which would be the only source of B 12?
Chicken
Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to a lack of energy?
Co-enzymes for energy metabolism are produced in insufficient amounts.
All of the following are minimum requirements for becoming a Registered Dietitian EXCEPT
Completing a three-week internship
Which of the following is most likely to contribute to vitamin A toxicity in adults?
Consuming high dose vitamin A supplements
Which of the following minerals is a cofactor in the formation of hemoglobin
Copper
Therapy for constipation would include all of the following except
Decreasing fiber intake
Chronic diarrhea may result in which of the following?
Dehydration
Which of these is a characteristic of a chromium deficiency?
Diabetes-like symptoms
Which of the following is NOT a feature of potassium deficiency?
Dietary deficiencies are common due to availability of only a few good food sources.
What method is used to measure the amount of heat given off by the body?
Direct calorimeter
An experiment in which neither the researchers nor the subjects know who is receiving the treatment is known as
Double blind
The highest Biological Value protein is found in
Eggs
What is malnutrition?
Either excess or insufficient energy and/or nutrient intake.
Which of these is NOT a way fatty acids can differ?
Elements of which they are composed
The part of the grain kernel which is low in vitamin and mineral content and is the primary component of refined grain products such as white bread is the ________________.
Endosperm
What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?
Epiglottis
The quality of a protein depends upon the proportion of
Essential amino acids present
When a water soluble vitamin is consumed in excess of needs, how does the body usually treat the excess?
Excesses are excreted primarily in the urine
A child that has been forced to eat a food will likely develop a preference for it.
False
An evening feeding of cereal will help a baby sleep through the night.
False
One cannot really give a child too much juice or milk.
False
During lower intensity activity, muscle cells may use a greater percentage of _____ as fuel.
Fat
What is the rationale for the fat cell theory of obesity?
Fat cell number increases most readily in late childhood and early puberty.
What term is given to a female athlete who has an eating disorder and develops amenorrhea and osteoporosis?
Female athlete triad
A lack of this nutrient during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risk of spina bifida and similar birth defects.
Folacin
The vitamin that protects against neural tube defects is
Folate
Which vitamin can, to a degree, mask a B 12 deficiency?
Folate
Which of the following food groups are recommended to persons to increase their potassium intake?
Fruits and vegetables
Which of the following animal-derived proteins is classified as an incomplete protein?
Gelatin
The part of the grain kernel which is richest in B vitamin and mineral content is the _______.
Germ
When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?
Glucagon
The monosaccharide found in the three common dissaccharides is _
Glucose
What is the predominate fuel used by muscle cells during high intensity activity?
Glycogen
Although dairy products are probably the best source of dietary calcium in the American diet, the following foods are considered "good" sources:
Green vegetables
The three major causes of ulcer are
H. pylori infection, overuse of certain anti-inflammatory drugs, and disorders that cause excessive secretion of stomach acid
A bmi of 21 is considered
Healthy
Which of the following is a major function of chloride?
Helps maintain gastric acidity
Which of the following diets promotes superior physical performance in athletes?
High carbohydrate diet
A low risk of cardiovascular disease correlates with high blood levels of
High density lipoprotein
Which of the following is a feature of niacin nutrition?
High doses may lower blood cholesterol
Moderate consumption of nuts confer cardiovascular benefits because they are ____________.
High in monounsaturated fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids
How are the RDA figures for almost all nutrient intakes set?
High, to cover virtually all healthy individuals.
Which of the following diets promotes superior physical performance in athletes?
High-carbohydrates diet
Of the following foods, which would be the only source of B 12?
Hot dog
How does lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity differ in males and females?
In males LPL is more active in fat cells about the abdomen; in females LPL is more active in fat cells about the breasts, hips, and thighs.
Which of the following could lead to a primary nutrient deficiency?
Inadequate nutrient intake
Which of the following is a possible consequence of excess protein intake in either animals or humans
Increased size of the liver &/or kidneys
Hydrogenation accomplishes all of the following EXCEPT _
Increases the health benefits of the product
The omega 3 fatty acids
Inhibit blood clotting
Vitamin B12 requires an _____________ for absorption from the intestinal tract into the bloodstream.
Intrinsic factor
Which of the following is a feature of phosphorus?
Involved in energy change
What mineral is critical to the synthesis of thyroxin?
Iodine
What nutrient deficiency during pregnancy may give rise to a child with cretinism?
Iodine
Vitamin C aids in the absorption of which nutrient?
Iron
What nutrient is important for the athlete because it helps the transport of oxygen in the blood?
Iron
Physically active young women, especially those who are endurance athletes, are prone to
Iron deficiency
Which of the following is a characteristic of people with anorexia nervosa?
It has one of the highest mortality rates among psychiatric disorders.
Which of the following is a drawback of Olestra consumption?
It inhibits absorption of vitamin E.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding cholesterol?
It is a precursor to vitamin D and sex hormones
Which of the following is a characteristic of "sports anemia"?
It is a temporary condition usually requiring no treatment
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of having fiber in the diet?
It may prevent mineral deficiencies
What is the primary action of benzocaine, found in certain candy and gum and used as an over-the-counter weight loss aid?
It reduces taste sensations
Which of the following is FALSE about a pre-game meal?
It should be high in protein
Which of the following lipoproteins is most associated with an increased risk of heart disease?
LDL
A tissue deprived of an oxygen supply during exercise would have an accumulation
Lactic acid
The major carbohydrate in milk is called ___________.
Lactose
All of the following are known to adversely affect calcium absorption EXCEPT
Lactose in the diet
Which of the following would contain the most dietary fiber per 1/2 cup serving?
Legumes
Regular physical activity often results in all of the following EXCEPT
Lower energy expenditure
Viscous fibers lower the risk of heart disease by
Lowering blood cholesterol levels
Which of the following represents the most reliable source of zinc?
Meat
What type of anemia results from iron deficiency?
Microcytic Hypochromic
Which of these foods contributes most to dietary riboflavin?
Milk and milk products
Greeks, Italians, and Spaniards rely heavily on olive oil which is
Monounsaturated
Which of the following ingredients would NOT be helpful for persons limiting their sodium intake?
Msg
What is the substance that protects the stomach walls from digestion?
Mucus
Glycogen is stored mainly in which of the following tissues?
Muscle and liver
Eating two incomplete protein foods together so that each provides an amino acid that the other lacks is known as ____________________.
Mutual supplementation
A diet low in protein and in which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin?
Niacin
Which of the following nutrients functions to prevent the appearance of a bilateral, symmetrical dermatitis, primarily on areas exposed to the sun?
Niacin
Vitamin A supplements would be most helpful in treating
Night blindness
What element is found in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates or fats?
Nitrogen
Which of the following is a proven ergogenic aid for the athlete?
None of these
What is the weight classification assigned both to young women with 30% body fat and young men with 20% body fat?
Normal
A substance that provides energy to the body and is used by the body with structural materials that are used in growth, maintenance and repair is called a(n) _________.
Nutrient
The fatty acids which may reduce the tendency of the blood to clot and decrease the level of "bad" cholesterol in the body are known as
Omega 3 fatty acid
What is the composition of lactose?
One glucose and one galactose unit
Which of the following is used to calculate the amount of energy expended by the body?
Oxygen consumed
All of the following are good sources of vitamin A EXCEPT
Pears
What vitamin deficiency disease appeared in people who had subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in protein?
Pellegra
Diets high in soft drinks can be bad for the bones due to their excessive ________________ content.
Phosphorus
The fruit group is an especially good source of
Phytochemicals
What is the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances?
Pica
Which of the following would probably be the BEST fluid choice for the noncompetitive, everyday active person?
Plain water
In which of the following are ample amounts of carbohydrates almost always found?
Plant foods
A fatty acid with three double bonds is a(n)
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
What would be the usual state of nitrogen balance for healthy infants, children, and pregnant women?
Positive
Which of the following would provide the most potassium?
Potatoes
Which of the following is a feature of the basal metabolism (BMR)?
Pregnancy increases BMR
There is evidence for benefits of Vitamin E supplements in which of the following groups?
Premature infants
About 75% of the sodium in the American diet comes from
Processed foods
The feeling of satiety from weight-loss diets may be promoted by diets higher in
Protein
Which of the following is least likely to aggravate an existing ulcer?
Raw carrots
Which of these contains a protein that inhibits the absorption of biotin?
Raw egg white
The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of the population is termed the
Recommended Dietary Allowance
Which of the following would NOT qualify as a "structure-function" claim on a food label?
Reduces the risk of heart disease
Successful weight loss depends upon
Reducing energy intake and increasing physical activity
Information that must lawfully be provided on food labels includes all of the following EXCEPT
The amount recommended for ingestion each day.
What does a BMI of 25- 29.9 indicate?
The person is overweight
Degree of fatness can most accurately be diagnosed by ____________________.
The triceps skinfold test
If you are a vegan why would it be a good idea to have both beans and rice in your diet?
Their proteins are complementary
What dietary nutrients are most effective at raising muscle glycogen concentrations
carbohydrates
An oil that is partially hydrogenated sometimes changes one or more of its double bond configurations from ___________.
cis to trans
Which of these will cause the most significant overall vitamin losses from a food?
cooking the food in boiling water for a long period of time
Intestinal juice contains
enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
An "empty kcalorie" food is one that contains
excess energy, but little or no protein, vitamins, or minerals.
The addition of liberal amounts of calcium to some commercially available orange juice products by juice processors is most properly termed nutrient _________________.
fortification
The sweetest of all sugars is
fructose
Hitting the Wall" is a term runners sometimes use to describe:
glucose depletion
Which of the following are complementary proteins?
grains and legumes
Under which of the following conditions has Vitamin C supplementation proven to be an effective therapy?
healing after surgery
What iron containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream?
hemoglobin
A low risk of cardiovascular disease correlates with high blood levels of
high density lipoproteins
As far as is known, what hormone is dependent upon chromium for optimal activity?
insulin
Epidemiological studies______________.
investigate the incidence and distribution of diseases.
All of the following are features of vitamin K in nutrition EXCEPT
it functions as an antioxidant in the body
An example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to
keep a record of your eating habits
Which of the following lipids is an essential nutrient?
linoleic acid
Which of the following is generally NOT associated with a regular program of physical fitness?
lowering of bone density
Which of these is a plausible explanation for males having a higher BMR than females?
males have a higher proportion of lean body mass
Historical information, physical examination, laboratory tests, and anthropometric measures are:
methods used in a nutrition assessment
What population group has the highest risk for Vitamin K deficiency?
newborns
Which of the following are highest in saturated fat?
palm and coconut oil
The known potential dangers of taking vitamin supplements include all of the following EXCEPT
pathogenic bacterial overgrowth of the large intestines leading to increased risk of infection.
Inspection of hair, eyes, skin, and posture is part of the nutrition assessment component known as__________.
physical examination
When nitrogen taken into the body exceeds nitrogen losses, we say the person is in ___________.
positive nitrogen balance
The combination of high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and edema signals ____________.
preeclampsia
Sulfur is present in practically all
proteins
Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that act on _
proteins, carbohydrates, fats
Athletes can safely add muscle tissue by
putting a demand on muscles making them work harder
The type of deficiency that could be caused by inadequate absorption of a nutrient is a _______________ deficiency.
secondary
Which of the following is the most likely side effect for a person who regularly consumes large quantities of carrots or carrot juice?
skin yellowing
It is healthiest to choose a diet that is low in
sugar, saturated fat, cholesterol, and salt
Which of the following is a feature of cholesterol?
synthesized by the body
What is the role of a control group in an experiment?
A control group serves as a basis of comparison with the experimental group.
Which of the following statements describes the glycemic effect of foods
A measure of how fast and high the food causes blood sugar to rise.
What is protein mutual supplementation?
A strategy of combining plant proteins in the same meal to improve the balance of essential amino acids
When there is lack of data to establish an Estimated Average Requirement for a nutrient a(n) _____________ takes the place of an RDA.
AI
What fraction of the day's energy expenditure of the average person is represented by the basal metabolism?
About 2/3
Which of the following foods is the best source of beta carotene?
Sweet potato
The purpose of phospholipids as a food additive would be to
Act as an emulsifier
Who is at the LOWEST risk of the problems associated with a vegan diet?
Adults
Among the following population groups, which shows the highest prevalence of lactose intolerance?
African American
Which of the following helps to conserve the vitamin C content of a food?
All of the above
Which of the following is recommended by the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
All of the above
Which of the following is an alternative choice for protein in the "My Pyramid" plan?
All of these
What is the benefit of using placebos in an experiment?
All subjects receive some sort of treatment.
What is the major factor than determines the metabolic rate?
Amount of lean body tissue
The distinction between the major and trace minerals reflects the
Amounts of their contents in the body
Which of the following is FALSE? Lecithin is ___
An essential nutrient
Toddlers who drinks milk to the exclusion of other foods is at risk for developing ___________.
Anemia
A deficiency of what vitamin produces a characteristic cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth?
Riboflavin
Which of the following is the most nutrient dense relative to calcium content?
Skim milk
The requirement for vitamin C is highest for
Smokers
Which of the following minerals is present in highest quantities in soft water?
Sodium
Which of the following minerals is present in highest quantities in softened water?
Sodium
A mineral that may contribute to high blood pressure is ___________, while a mineral that protects against high blood pressure is ________________.
Sodium, potassium
A dietary factor which may lower blood cholesterol is ____________ fiber. A food high in this type of fiber is ______________.
Soluable- oat bran
Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?
Source of energy
The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is called ______________.
Starch
The major hormone that regulates basal metabolic rate is
Thyroxin
Choking occurs when a piece of food becomes firmly lodged in the
Trachea
Which of the following is NOT a desirable level for a blood lipid?
Triglycerides under 300 mg/dl
According to the most recent guidelines, babies weaned at 12 months from human milk or formula should be given low fat cow's milk (not whole milk).
True
Breast fed babies should be supplemented with vitamin D shortly after birth.
True
Breast fed infants have lower incidences of infection, illness, and allergy than do bottle-fed infants.
True
Breast milk may be pumped and safely refrigerated for at least 48 hours.
True
The AAP recommends "exclusive breastfeeding" until 6 months of age.
True
The difference between cis- and trans-fatty acids is:
the configuration around the double bond
What is the function of the bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas?
to neutralize the acidity of chyme therby protecting the small intestine from the action of stomach acid
According to the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans, alcohol should be
totally avoided by some persons.
What role does the esophagus play in the digestive process?
transport of a bolus from the pharynx to the stomach
A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol would be known as a _________.
triglyceride
Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to _
ultraviolet light
Hydrogenation is a commercial process whereby
unsaturated fats become saturated
Which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet?
vegetable oils
A similar type of macrocytic anemia occurs when there is a deficiency of either
vitamin B-12 or folate
When conducting a nutrition assessment, anthropometric data includes_________.
weighing a person.
