Factors influencing health and illness

Describe the effects of illness on the individual and family

When an illness occurs, role change for both the patient and the family. For example, and chronic illness creates stress for the patient and family because it might require lifelong alterations in roles or lifestyle, frequent hospitalizations, economic problems, and decreased social interactions among family members. Some families find it difficult to adapt to stress of changes in financial, social, and care giving resources, where as other family's experience renewed family closeness and stability.

Behavior specific knowledge

beliefs and relationships - are considered to be major motivators for engaging in health promoting behaviors

High-level wellness

focuses on maximizing the person's highest potential for functioning

prevention of illness

is to detect and prevent the illness

Maslow's hierarch is useful for

understanding the relationship of basic human needs and for establishing priorities of care.

health promotion activity

which focus on protecting the person's health or preventing the loss of health.

Reversal of self-care deficits

would involve therapeutic interventions that are directed at contributing factors.

Spiritual Dimensions

Beliefs and values are important components of a person's health and illness behaviors

psychosocial risk factor

Conflicts between family members are considered psychosocial risk factors.

Duvall

Duvall supports the developmental framework of family function

Intellectual Dimension

Encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background and past experience

Secondary preventative care

Focuses on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of those found. The goals of secondary preventive care are to identify an illness, reverse or reduce the severity of the disease or provide a cure, and thereby return the individual to maximum health, as quickly as possible

Socio-cultural Dimension

Health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by a person's economic level, lifestyle, family and culture

Perceived benefits of action

How effective the individual believes measures will be preventing illness. This factor is influenced by the person's conviction that carry out a recommended action will prevent or modify the disease and by the person's perception of the cost and unpleasant effects of performing the health behavior. Ex: the person may believe that stopping smoking will prevent future breathing problems and that the initial withdrawal symptoms can be overcome; therefore, the person may stop smoking.

Emotional dimensions

How the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions also influences health

Physical Dimensions

Includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender. These components strongly influence the person's health status and practice

Personal identity

Individual conscious sense of who he or she is

Disease

Is a medical term meaning that there is a pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind

Health

Is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infection

Health Related behavior

Is initiated by committing to a plan of action, accompanying by developing associated strategies to perform the valued behavior

Health illness continuum

Is one way to measure a person's level of health. This model views health as a constantly changing state, with high-level wellness and death being an opposite ends of a graduated scale or continuum

Perceived susceptibility to a disease

Is the belief that one either will or will not contract a disease. It ranges from being of contracting a disease to completely denying that certain behaviors will result in illness.

Illness

Is the response of a person to a disease, it is an abnormal process in which the person's level of functioning is changed when compared with a previous level

Agent host environment model

Is useful for examining the causes of diseases in an individual. An agent is an environmental factor or stressor that must be present or absent for an illness to occur.

Maslow's Hierarchy of needs Level 1

Level 1 - Physiologic Needs -Oxygen, water, food, temperature, elimination, sexuality, physical activity and rest. Must be met at least minimally to maintain life

Maslow's Hierarchy of needs Levels

Level 1 - Physiologic Needs Level 2 - Safety and Security Needs Level 3 - Love and belonging needs Level 4 - Self esteem needs Level 5- Self actualization needs

Maslow's Hierarchy of needs Level 2

Level 2 - Safety and Security Needs -Comes next in priority and involve both physical and emotional components. Physical safety and security means being protected from potential or actual harm.

Maslow's Hierarchy of needs Level 3

Level 3 - Love and belonging needs -Includes the understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love, and the feeling of belonging to families, peers, friends, a neighborhood and a community.

Maslow's Hierarchy of needs Level 4

Level 4 - Self esteem needs -The need for a person to feel good about himself or herself to feel pride and sense of accomplishment and to believe that others also respect and appreciate those accomplishments

Maslow's Hierarchy of needs Level 5

Level 5- Self actualization needs - Include the need for individuals to reach their full potential through development of their unique capabilities. The process of self-actualization is one that continues throughout life. Maslow lists the follow qualities that indicate achievement of one's potential.

Perceived seriousness of a disease

Perception of the threat to health posed by the disease and its effects on the person's lifestyle. This component is related to how much the person known about the disease and can result in a change in health behavior Ex: if a person who smokes believes that lung cancer can lead to physical disability or death and would therefore; affect his or her ability to work and care for the family. The person is more likely to stop smoking.

Primary preventative care

Primary health promotion and illness prevention -Directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease process or injury

Acute Illness is?

Rapid onset of symptoms and last only a relatively short time

Self Esteem

Shared perceptions of self use the opportunity to ask questions about if the patient likes himself or herself, includes self-worth.

Stages of acute illness

Stage 1 - experiencing symptoms Stage 2 - assuming the sick role Stage 3 - assuming a dependent role Stage 4 - achieving recovery and rehabilitation

Body Image

Subjective view a person has about his or her physical appearance

tertiary preventative care

Tertiary Health promotion and illness prevention. Minimize complications and maximize function. -Begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning

Environmental Dimensions

The environment has many influences on health and illness. Housing,sanitation, climate and pollution of air, food, and water are elements in the environmental dimensions.

Human dimensions

The factors influencing a person's health, illness status, health beliefs, and health practices relate to a person's human dimensions

Health Beliefs Model

The health belief model provides insight into the connection between the way a person sees his or her state of health and that person's response to health, illness, and treatment. Is concerned with what people perceive to be true about themselves in relation to their health. This model is based on three components of individual perceptions of threat of a disease. 1. Perceived susceptibility to a disease 2.Perceived seriousness of a disease 3.Perceived benefits of action

socioeconomic status

The occupations of the parents provide financial support for the family and contribute to the socioeconomic status of the family.

Health promotional model

Was developed to illustrate how people interact with their environment as they pursue health. The model incorporates individual characteristics and experiences and behavior specific knowledge and beliefs to motivate health-promoting behavior. The components of the model can be used to design and provide nursing interventions to promote health for individuals, families and communities.

Basic human needs

A basic human need is something that is essential to the emotional and physiologic health and survival of humans. A person who needs are met may be considered to be healthy, and a person who has one or more unmet needs is at an increased risk of illness.

Wellness

A term often used interchangeably with health, is an active state of being health by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health

Role Performance

Ability to successfully execute societal expectations regulating specific behaviors

Chronic Illness is?

-It is a permanent change -It causes, or is caused by, irreversible alterations in normal anatomy and physiology -It required special patient education for rehabilitation -It requires a long period of care or support

The Maslow hierarchy is based on the theory that something is a basic need if it has the following characteristics:

-Its absence results in illness -Its presence helps prevents illness or signals health -Meeting it restores health -It is preferred over other satisfactions when unmet -One feels something is missing when the need is unmet -One feel satisfaction when the need is met

Levels of preventative care

primary secondary tertiary

exacerbation

refers to the reactivation of a disease.