Fasciae and Spaces DH306

Superficial fascia of the face and neck encloses which muscles ?

Muscles of facial expression

temporal space

formed by the temporal fascia anterior to the temporalis muscle

parotid space

is a fascial space created inside the investing fascial layer of the deep cervical fascia as it envelops the parotid salivary gland

infratemporal space

is also part of the masticator space and occupies the infratemporal fossa -an area adjacent to the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and maxillary tuberosity of the maxilla

Submasseteric space

located between the masseter muscle and the external surface of the vertical mandibular ramus

pterygoid fascia (Deep Fasciae of Face and Jaws)

located on the medial surface of the medial pterygoid muscle

vestibular space of the mandible

mandibular teeth and periodontium

Vestibular space of the maxilla

maxillary molars and periodontium

#2. Buccal space -betwwen the buccinator and masseter muscle

- contains fat -covered by part of the parotid fascia -communicates with canine and pterygomandibular spaces and space of the body of the mandible

superficial fascia

-Connects skin to underlying structures -Can contain copius amounts of fat

cervical spaces

-The cervical spaces can communicate with the spaces of the face and jaws, as well as with each other -These spaces connect the spaces of the face and jaws with those of the thorax, allowing dental or odontogenic infection to spread to vital organs such as the heart and lungs as well as the brain -The cervical spaces include the parapharyngeal, retropharyngeal, and previsceral spaces

masticator space

-The masticator space is a general term used to include the entire area of the mandible and muscles of mastication -It includes the temporal, infratemporal, and submasseteric spaces, as well as the masseter muscle and both ramus and body of the mandible

Parapharyngeal space

-lateral to the pharynx -Medial to the medial pterygoid m. -adjacent to the carotid sheath -Contains lymph nodes -continues with retropharyngeal space

Spaces of face and jaws

-maxilla -mandible -canine -parotid -buccal -masticator -body of the mandible -submental -submandibular -sublingual

#1. canine space -anterior border is the orbicularis oris

-posterior border is the levator anguli superioris -located above the upper lip and to the side of the maxillary canine -sits below muscle that lift the upper lip: levator labii superioris, orbicularis oris and zygomaticus muscles

retropharyngeal space

-posterior to pharynx -located between the vertebral and visceral fascia -called the danger space: extends from the base of the skull into the thorax

Fascial Spaces

-potential spaces between the layers of fascia in the body -Potential spaces are created between the layers of fascia of the body because of the sheet like nature of fasciae -Fascial spaces are not actually empty spaces as they contain loose connective tissue

fascial spaces

-spaces created by the deep fascia of face, jaws and cervical regions -the spaces of the head and neck communicate with each other directly as well as through theirblood and lymph vessesl contained within with the exception of the parotid space

vestibular space

-these spaces communicate directly with eponymous (same name) teeth

vestibular space

1. palatine process 2. alveolar process of maxilla 3. oral mucosa 4. buccinator muscle 5. alveolar process of the mandible 6. mandible 7. vestibule of the mouth 8. vestibular space of the mandible IN RED ON MAXILLA- Vestibular space of maxilla

Fascia types

1. superficial 2. deep

Deep Fascia (two divisions)

A. face and jaws B. Deep cervical

temporal fascia (Deep Fasciae of Face and Jaws)

Covers temporalis muscle and structures superior to the zygomatic arch

Deep Fasciae of Face and Jaws

Divided into 1. Temporal 2. Masseteric- parotid 3. Pterygoid which are continious with each other and with the deep cervical fasciae

Deep cervical fascia Investing - most external layer

Investing - most external layer -surrounds the musculature of the neck -completely encloses the submandibular and parotid glands, the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius (continous with the masseteric-parotid fasciua)

Fascia (fasciae - plural)

Layers of fibrous connective tissue that underlie the skin, and surrounds the muscles, bones, vessels, nerves, organs, and other structures of the body

Superficial cervical fascia

The superficial cervical fascia of the neck contains the platysma muscle, which covers most of the anterior cervical triangle

sublingual and submandibular space

contain the SL and SM glands and lymph nodes-the SL space also contains the ducts for the SL and SM glands-the SM space contains part of the facial artery-the SL space contains part of the lingual nerve and artery + XII

Space of the body of the mandible

contains the mandible, a part of the inferior alveolar nerve, artery, vein and the dental and alveolar branches of these vessels as well as the mental and incisive branches

parotid space

contains the parotid gland and facial nerve branches, external jugular branches and retromandibular vein -Spaces of the face and jaws are often defined by the arrangement of muscles and bones forming boundaries, in addition to the surrounding fasciae

Masseteric-parotid fascia (Deep Fasciae of Face and Jaws)

covers the masseter muscle and structures inferior to the zygomatic arch, surrounding the parotid salivary gland

Deep cervical fascia vertebral - deepest layer

encloses the deep musculature of the vertebral column and the vertebral column itself (e.g. semispinalis, longissimus, spinalis)

Deep cervical fascia carotid sheath

encloses the external carotid, the internal jugualr and the vagus nerve

Deep cervical fascia visceral

encloses the thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus -Near the skull this fascia is known as the buccopharyngealfascia

pterygomandibular space

part of the infratemporal space and is formed by the lateral pterygoid muscle roof, medial pterygoid muscle (medial wall), and mandibular ramus (lateral wall)

Previsceral space

space located between the visceral and investing fasciae, anterior to the trachea

the floor of the submental space

superficial cervical fascia covering suprahyoid muscles -the roof is the mylohyoid muscle, covered by the investing fascia -Forming the lateral boundaries of this space are the diverging anterior bellies of the digastric muscles.