FCCLA FCSA - Education & Training 2019

Physical Development

Involves advances in physical abilities.

Visual-motor Coordination

Involves matching body movements to coordinate with what the child sees.

Reliability

A characteristic of an assessment that measures the same over time—meaning the results will be similar with different learners and under different circumstances.

Course Plan

A detailed outline of what a particular teacher will teach throughout a course or year based on curriculum but adapted to the characteristics of the teacher, students, and teaching circumstances.

Cooperative Learning

A form of small-group learning in which students work together to achieve a common goal.

Online Learning

A learning situation in which students complete assignments, participate in discussion boards, and may even take exams online. Also called virtual education.

Teaching License

A license or certificate a certified teacher receives from his or her state.

Authoritarian Style

A management style that seeks to control students' behavior through many rules, procedures, and consequences.

Authoritative Style

A management style that seeks to shape students' behavior through setting high expectations, explanations, and consistent application of consequences.

Permissive Style

A management style that sets few expectations and rules for students and enforces them inconsistently.

Alternative Assessment

A method of assessing learning other than through testing.

Limited English Proficiency (LEP)

A person's difficulty communicating effectively in English because English is not his or her native or primary language.

Self-concept

A person's own assessment or view of himself or herself.

Independent Practice

A personal activity outside of class that students complete on their own.

Accredited

A school that has passed a quality assessment.

School-based curriculum

A set of curriculum standards where teachers are involved in making decisions about what is taught in their classrooms and schools.

Self-contained Classrooms

A situation in which the same teacher and group of students remain in one classroom for most of the day, with one teacher teaching most or all subjects.

Service-learning

A special type of unpaid volunteer effort that combines classroom learning with meaningful hands-on experience to meet community needs.

Behaviorism

A theory based on the belief that individuals' behavior is determined by forces in the environment that are beyond their control.

Bloom's Taxonomy

A theory for establishing educational objectives as a basis for understanding and teaching various levels of thought.

Simulations

A way to put students in situations that feel real, even though they are not—eliminating any harmful risks.

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

A written plan for providing a student with the most appropriate opportunity for learning.

Guided Practice

An activity designed to reinforce and apply learning that includes feedback from other students or the teacher.

Reflective Responses

An activity in which students think deeply about an issue or something they have learned.

Summative Assessment

An evaluation of students' learning after instruction has taken place. It measures results, assessing whether learning objectives have been met; often scored or graded.

Validity

An important characteristic which requires choosing an assessment that actually measures your learning objectives.

Formative Assessment

An ongoing part of instruction that provides feedback about students' learning as it occurs during instruction; generally not graded.

Evaluating Level

Bloom's Fifth level; level thinking - Assessing or judging value based on information

Analyzing Level

Bloom's Fourth; Higher level thinking - Examining the parts of a whole and their relationships

Understanding Level

Bloom's Second Level; Low level thinking - explaining in own words

Creating Level

Bloom's Sixth level; Highest level - Using parts in a new way to create something

Applying Level

Bloom's Third Level; middle level thinking - using knowledge or information in a new situation

Instructional Objectives

Clear statements of what students will achieve as a result of a lesson that they exhibit in an observable way. Also called learning outcomes.

Nonverbal Cues

Communication without words using techniques such as eye contact, body language, gestures, and physical closeness.

Lesson Plans

Detailed outlines of topics to teach, how to teach them, why they are necessary to teach and learn, and how to evaluate learning. Sometimes called instructional plans or teaching plans.

Social-emotional Development

Development that includes the areas of relationships and feelings. Individuals must learn social skills and how to care about others.

Learning Diversity

Differences in learning based on abilities, interests, or experiences.

Differentiated Instruction

Different modes of instruction to match a student's preferred mode of learning, disability, or background. Using different techniques of instruction to match a student's preferred mode of learning, disability, or background.

Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Each person possesses all types of intelligences, but to different degrees. Nine Intelligences.

Postsecondary Education

Education that takes place after high school.

Developmental Theories

Explanations formulated by researchers about why people act and behave the way they do and how they change over time.

Invincibility

Feeling incapable of being defeated or having anything bad happen.

Productive Lab

Focuses on producing an end product.

Educational Standards

Guidelines defining what students at various levels should know and be able to do. Statements about what students are expected to know and be able to do at certain points in their education. They are set by national organizations, states, and many school districts. Sometimes called instructional goals.

Reciprocal Agreements

In teaching, agreements between states that allow teachers certified to teach in one state to teach in another state that is part of the agreement.

Abstract Thinking

In-depth thinking about ideas and concepts, such as justice or love.

Autonomy

Independence that includes personal responsibility and decision making.

WebQuest

Inquiry-based learning projects utilizing information from preselected websites.

Accommodations

Modifications to the environment, learning strategies, or materials that are made to help students with particular special needs succeed in the classroom.

Collaborative Learning

Offers a way for students to work in groups and solve problems together. A form of group learning in which assignments involve a task or problem students must solve using their complementary and interdependent skills, experiences, or opinions.

Intrapersonal

One of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences; Good analyzer of self-own strengths and weaknesses

Existentialist

One of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences; Good at asking philosophical questions

Visual-Spatial

One of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences; Good at visualizing

Interpersonal

One of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences; Good with communication

Logical-mathematical

One of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences; Good with logical problems and math

Bodily-Kinesthetic

One of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences; Good with movement, hands-on activities

Musical

One of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences; Good with rhythm and sound patterns

Linguistic

One of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences; Good with words

Naturalistic

One of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences; In tune with and analyzes environment

Kinesthetic-Tactile Learners

People who learn best by performing hands-on or physical activities.

Visual Learners

People who learn best by seeing.

Auditory Learners

People who learn most easily by hearing or listening to information.

Questioning Strategies

Plan questions along with the lesson, ask questions of varying difficulty (Bloom's Taxonomy), include open-ended questions

Special Education

Provides adapted programs, extra staff, and specialized equipment or learning environments or materials to help students with special needs to learn.

Closed-ended questions

Questions that can be answered in short or single word responses.

Open-ended Questions

Questions that require more than a few words as an answer.

Growth Spurts

Rapid increases in height and weight; marked growth that occurs during adolescence.

Pullout Programs

School programs that allow gifted children to leave the regular classroom for certain periods of the day or week for advanced learning in a particular subject area along with social opportunities with peers.

Egocentrism

Self-focus.

Gross-motor skills

Skills that depend on development of the large muscles, including those in the arms, legs, back, and shoulders.

Fine-motor skills

Skills that depend on development of the small muscles such as those in the hands and wrists.

Classroom Procedures

Specific guidelines that translate the class rules into concrete actions expected of students.

Primary control of education

State sets regulations, taxpayers money pays for education

Self-paced Learning

Students learn at their own rate. Allows students to spend the amount of time they personally need to master concepts. Students who are more advanced can move on to more difficult concepts as soon as they are ready. Students progress at individual rates, rather than as a class.

At Risk

Students or groups that have characteristics or experiences that make them more likely to fail academically.

Learner-centered Method

Teaching strategy in which the teacher acts as a facilitator, or guide, for learning, and students more actively engage in directing and achieving their own learning. Ex: group projects.

Teacher-centered Method

Teaching strategy in which the teacher's role is to present the information that students are to learn and to direct their learning process. Ex: Lectures

Resilience

The ability to bounce back after a defeat or setback.

Seriation

The ability to place objects in order by a characteristic, such as smallest to largest.

Transitivity

The ability to understand that relationships between two objects can extend to a third object.

Instructional Technology

The application of technology to enhance teaching, learning, and assessment.

Teaching Strategies

The basic techniques used to promote learning. Often called instructional strategies or instructional methods.

Instructional Methods

The basic techniques used to promote learning. Often called instructional strategies or teaching strategies.

Copyright

The body of exclusive rights granted by laws of the United States to copyright owners for protection of their work.

Curriculum

The courses taught in a school, what is taught in each course, and how the courses are sequenced.

Achievement Gap

The differences in learning and graduation rates among schools; often correlates to differences in school populations and funding.

Development

The gradual increase in skills and abilities that occurs over a lifetime.

Neural Connections

The links between brain cells that can be strengthened through activities that repeatedly stimulate the brain.

Remembering Level

The lowest, most basic level of thinking in Bloom's Taxonomy - recalling

Learning Styles

The methods individuals prefer and find most effective to absorb and process information.

Puberty

The physical transformation from a child to an adult capable of reproduction.

Dexterity

The skillful use of the hands and fingers.

Classroom Management

The steps teachers take to organize their classroom for optimal learning, engage students in that learning, and minimize behaviors that disrupt it.

Classical Conditioning

The theory that behaviors can be associated with responses.

Plagiarism

The use of someone else's original words or ideas without giving that person credit.

Cognitive Development

The way people change and improve in their abilities to think and learn throughout life.

Metacognition

Thinking critically about a person's own thinking processes.

Concrete Thinking

Thinking that focuses on facts and actual experiences.

Systematic Thinking

Understanding how different parts of a system can influence one another within a whole. Requires multiple skill sets to establish a holistic view of a system and explain its behavior.

Panel Discussions

When a group of people present and discuss a topic.

Mainstreaming

When schools place students with special needs in one or more regular classes based on their expected ability to keep up with the standard curriculum.

Inclusion

When students with special needs attend regular classes with the requirement that they will receive some benefit from the classes, even if they are not able to keep up academically with class requirements.

Morality

principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.