FED CH.3

What power is authority possessed by both state and national governments, such as power to levy taxes?

Concurrent Powers

Power delegated by the state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs

Home Rule

Powers derived from the necessary and proper clause of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution are called:

Implied Powers

Congressional grants given to states and localities on the condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by law.

Categorical grants

a type of federalism existing since New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities (w/o commanding them to pursue nationally defined goals' also known as intergovernmental cooperation.

Cooperative Federalism

The process by which policy decisions in one political jurisdiction are influenced by choices made in another jurisdiction

Diffusion

The system of govt that prevailed in the United States from 1789 - 1937 in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments.

Duel Federalism

specific powers granted by the Constitution to COngress (Article 1, Sect 8) and to the president (Article 2)

Expressed Powers

a system of government which power is divided, by a constitution, between a central government and regional governments

Federalism

What provision (clause) from Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution requires that states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state?

Full faith and credit clause

process by which one unit of government yield portion of its tax income to another unit of government, according to an established formula; revenue sharing typically involves the national government providing money to state govt

General Revenue Sharing

Case that reinforce nationalistic interpretation of Cnnstitution. Background: Two steamboat owners wanted ontrol of a shipping business in NY. One had a charter from state (NY) and the other from the US. The case went to the courts to determine which charter was valid. Constitutional Issue: Was the regulation of commerce under state control or federal control based on the Commerce Clause Decision: John Marshall declared that federal law is above state law and that congress has the authority to regulate interstate trade including shipping.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Congress providing money to state and local govt on condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal govt.

Grants-in-aid

the processes by which the three levels of American government (national, state, local) negotiate and compromise over policy responsibility

Intergovernmental Relations

Case involving the question whether Congress could charter a national bank

McCulloch v. Maryland

attempts by President Nixon and Reagan to return power to the states through block grants

New Federalism

what power is reserved to the state government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens?

Police power

Principle that allows the national govt to override state or local actions in certain policy areas; in foreign policy, the willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack

Preemptions

Provision, from Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution, that a state cannot discriminate against someone from another state or give its own residents special privileges

Privileges and immunities

economic policies designed to transfer income through taxing and spending, with the goal of benefiting the poor.

Redistributive programs

a form of federalism in which Congress imposes legislation on states and localities, requiring them to meet national standards

Regulated Federalism

the principle that the states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government; this principle was most popular in the period before the Civil Ware

State's rights

a centralized government in which lower levels of government have little power independent of the national government

Unitary System

What nation was the first to adopt federalism?

United States

federal grants-in-aid that allows states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent

block grant

Wha clause of Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution, which delegates to Congress the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States and with the Indian tribes"; this cause was interpreted by the Supreme court in favor of national power over the economy.

commerce clause

Policy to remove a program from one level of governmnt by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government such as from the national government to the state and local government

devolution

what powers, derived from the 10th amendment to the Constitution, that are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states?

reserved powers

a law or regulation requiring a state or local govt to perform certain actions without providing funding for fulfilling the requirement

unfunded mandate