Female Reproductive Questions

True/false the round ligament is a continuing of the ovarian ligament

This is true!!

True/ false: when the sperm peetrates the zona pellucida, it stimulates the zona pellucida to strengthen that way only one sperm can enter.

True

The follicular phase is the first phase of the ovarian cycle and lasts about? a. 14 days b. 10 days c. 7 days d. 1-2 days e. 21 days

a. 14 days

As estrogen rises in the cycle, ______ begins to grow and forms the secondary follicle. Then, a surge of LH causes it to grow even more to form the graafian follicle which is ready to release. a. antrum b. zona glomerulosa c. mitotic divisions d. oocyte

a. antrum is the fluid-filled cavity that grows at the final stages of follicular development.

At which stage of the uterine cycle does the menstrual phase occur? a. Days 1-5 b. Days 5-14 c. days 14-28 d. days 0-5

a. days 1-5

at which stage of the uterine cycle does the menstrual phase occur? a. days 1-5 b. days 5-14 c. days 14-28 d. days 0-5

a. days 1-5

This lies between the uterus and bladder in the pelvic cavity a. vesicouterine cavity b. retroperitoneal cavity c. rectouterine pouch d. uterosacral cavity e. cardinal pouch

a. vesicouterine cavity. The rectouterine pouch lies between uterus and rectum. Uterosacral LIGAMENT connects uterus to rectum, cardinal LIGAMENTS support uterus laterally extending from the cervix.

These can be blocked by tumors in breast CA and cause dimpling a. mammory lobes b. Cooper's ligaments c. central tendons d. lactiferous sinus e. Meyer's connective tissue

b. Cooper's ligaments

Part of the sperm that releases enzymes to penetrate the zona pellucida and fertilize the oocye a. pellucisome b. acrosome c. centriole d. flagellum

b. acrosome

At which stafe in the uterine cycle does the proliferative phase occur? a. days 1-5 b. days 5-14 c. days 14-28 d. days 0-5

b. days 5-14

Which of the following is not involved in the development of the stratum functionalis? a. pregnancy b. menses c. progesterone d. estrogen e. stratum basalis

b. menses. The stratum functionalis is developed under estrogen and even more so under progesterone and remains present in pregnancy. It is shed during menses. The stratum basalis forms the stratum functionalis when stimulated by the hormones mentioned above.

Which layer of the uterus is biggest? a. pereimetrium b. myometrium c. endometrium d. stratum functionalis e. stratum basalis

b. myometrium

The fimbrae of the fallopian tube catches what during ovulation? a. the corpus luteum b. the oocyte c. the graafian follicle d. the secondary follicle e. none of the above

b. the oocyte. The graafian follicle continues to expand the antrum during the surge of LH which ultimately expels the oocyte during peak (day 14). The oocyte is caught by the fimbrae.

How long is a secondary ooctye viable for after ovulation? a. 12-72 hours b. 1-2 hours c. 12-24 hours d. 24-48 hours

c. 12-24 hours

By what day does the embryo cleave to form about 100 cells? a. 1 b. 2 c. 5 d. 10 e. 14

c. 5. The zona pellucida degenerates at this point and the embryo is now called a blastocyst

The largest part of the fallopian tube and also the site where fertilization occurs is the? a. infundibulum b. fimbrae c. ampulla e. isthmus

c. ampulla

In a norma 28-day menstrual cycle, when would you expect the LH surge to occur? a. days 8-10 b. days 14-16 c. days 11-13 d. days 17-19

c. days 11-13

Which hormone causes myometrium muscle contraction? a. prolactin b. GNRH c. oxytocin d. progesterone e. estrogen

c. oxytocin

What is true regarding the ovarian ligament and the suspensory ligament of the ovary? a. The suspensory ligament of the ovary does not actually articulate with the sovary but with the fundus of the uterus b. the ovarian ligament attaches from the cervix to the ovary c. the ovarain ligament anchors the ovary medially to the uterus d. the suspensory ligament of the ovary anchors the ovary medially to the fundus of the uterus e. the suspensory ligament of the ovary is part of the ovarian ligament.

c. the ovarian ligament anchors the ovary medially to the uterus.

In a normal 28 day menstrual cycle when would expect ovulation to take place? a. day 11 b. day 12 c. day 13 d. day 14

d. day 14

Which of the following is not true of estrogen? a. it has 2 peaks: one beore ovulation and one in the middle of the luteal phase b. it is secreted under FSH by developing follicular cells c. it is necessary for nromal female development of reproductive tissue d. it is secreted by the ovaries only e. it stimulates LH

d. it is secreted by the ovaries only It is also secreted in a small amount by the adrenal cortex

Which of the following is not part of the broad ligament? a. mesometrium b. mesosalpinx c. mesovarium d. myometrium

d. myometrium (this is the largest layer of the uterine wall)

Which of these is not part of the collective term "vulva" a. clitoris b. labia minoea c. labia majora d. perineum e. vestibule

d. perineum. This is the diamond shaped region between vaginal opening and anus.

Which of the following is not part of the ovarian cycle? a. follicular phase b. ovulation c. luteal phase d. proliferative phase

d. proliferative phase this is part of the uterine cycle

Which part of the vagina primarily thins during menopause? a. the outer most, elastic adventitia b. the smooth muscle muscularis layer c. the mucosal-lined endometrium d. the stratified squamous epithelial mucosal layer Bonus: why does menopause thin this layer?

d. the stratified squamous epithelial mucosal layer Bonus: estrogen stimulates proliferation and maturation of the mucosa which drops during menopause.

Which of the following is not an internal structure of the female reproductive system? a. ovaries b. vagina c. cervix d. vestibule e. ampulla

d. vestibule (this is located between labia minora and vaginal orfice)

Where does the ovarian vein drain? a. to the renal vein b. to the vena cava c. to the inferior mesenteric vein d. to the right and left common iliac veins. e. both a and b f. both c and d.

e. both a and b. The left ovarian vein drains to the left renal vein and the right ovarian vein drains to the vena cava.

During the third part of the follicular phase, the secondary follicle must become a: a. corona radiata b. corpus luteum c. corpus albicans d. premordial follicle e. graafian follicle

e. graafian follcile

True/false the stratum basalis sheds during menses

false: only the stratum functionalis, and then the stratum basalis is what builds up the new stratum functionalis layer.

true or false the ovarian artery branches directly off the aorta?

true

The corpus luteum secretes (select-all-that-apply)?* A. Progesterone B. Estrogen C. FSH D. LH

A and B

Select all the functions of the luteinizing hormone: A. Forming the corpus luteum B. Thickening the endometrium layer for implantation C. Breaking down the wall of the graffian follicle to allow for release of the ovum D. Thinning cervical mucous

A and C B and D are the function of estrogen

If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum will disintegrate and turn into what is called the?* A. Corpus Albicans B. Corpus Callosum C. Corpus Cavernosum D. Corpus Allatum

A. Corpus Albicans Corpus luteum turns into the corpus albicans if pregnancy did not occur. If fertilization does occur, the corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone and estrogen until the placenta takes over and the corpus luteum turns into a corpus albicans. (occurs at approx 8 weeks.)

As the graafian follicle matures, a massive amount of estrogen is released by the follicle which causes a luteinizing hormone surge. Approximately, what cycle day does the LH surge occur? A. Cycle day 11-13 B. Cycle day 14 C. Cycle day 5-8 D. Cycle day 1-6

A. Cycle day 11-13 Remember ovulation (releasing of the egg) occurs mid-cycle (day 14 of the cycle) and the follicle is influenced to release the egg after the LH surge. The LH surge occurs 24-36 hours before ovulation, therefore, approximately cycle days 11-13.

6. What cycle day does the proliferative stage occur? A. Cycle day 7-14 B. Cycle day 14-28 C. Cycle day 1-6 D. Cycle day 1-14

A. Cycle day 7-14 The proliferative phase is where the endometrium starts to thicken. It occurs cycle days 7-14. Remember in cycle days 1-6 (the menstrual phase) the endometrium layer sheds. Now the endometrium must be rebuilt in case pregnancy occurs. Estrogen is responsible for rebuilding the endometrium.

What cycle day does the luteal phase occur? A. Cycle days 15-28 B. Cycle days 5-13 C. Cycle day 14 D. Cycle days 7-14

A. Cycle days 15-28

In what stage does the corpus luteum form? A. Luteal Phase B. Follicular Phase C. Proliferative Phase D. None of the above

A. Luteal Phase The corpus luteum forms during the luteal phase after the ovulation phase. The graafian follicle that released the egg turns into the corpus luteum which acts as a temporary endocrine structure that releases progesterone and estrogen.

___________ is released from the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the follicles in the ovary to mature.* A. Progesterone B. Follicle-stimulating hormone C. Estrogen D. Human chorionic gonadotropin

B. Follicle-stimulating hormone One follicle will turn into a graafian follicle that will release one mature ovum. The other follicles that were stimulated will die.

Which of the following statements about the menstrual cycle is false? A. Progesterone levels rise during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and the secretory phase of the uterine cycle. B. Menstruation occurs just after LH and FSH levels peak. C. Menstruation occurs after progesterone levels drop. D. Estrogen levels rise before ovulation, while progesterone levels rise after.

B. Menstruation occurs just after LH and FSH levels peak.

During which cycle day of a typical 28 day menstrual cycle does the follicular phase occur? A. Cycle days 7-14 B. Cycle days 14-28 C. Cycle days 1-6 D. Cycle days 1-13

D. Cycle days 1-13

True/false the round ligament attaches the uterus to the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity.

False. It attaches the uterus to the anterior wall of the pelvic cavity.

True/false: only one follicle enters the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle at a time and this repeats every month.

False: many are at different stages but typically only one FINISHEs at a time, if more than one does and are both released and fertilized it can form fraternal twins.

Select all the following that is NOT a function of progesterone and estrogen:* A. Inhibits the production of LH and FSH B. Causes the hypothalamus to release gonadotropin releasing hormone C. Maintains the endometrium for pregnancy D. Causes the follicle to mature into a graafian follicle

B and D A and C ARE functions of estrogen and progesterone. When estrogen and progesterone levels fall it causses GRH release and FSH causes the follicle to mature into a graafian follicle.

If fertilization occurs the corpus luteum will act as a temporary endocrine structure to release hormones. It will do this until the placenta is fully developed to take over with hormone secretion and this occurs at approximately?* A. 4 weeks gestation B. 8 weeks gestation C. 20 weeks gestation D. 2 weeks gestation

B. 8 weeks gestation. The corpus luteum will disintegrate into the corpus albicans.

During the menstrual phase the _________ layer of the endometrium is shed.* A. Stratum basalis B. Stratum functionalis C. Stratum compactum D. Myometrium

B. Stratum functionalis

The _________ is responsible for secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone. A. Thalamus B. Hypothalamus C. Anterior pituitary gland D. Posterior pituitary gland

B. hypothalamus

If the ovum is to be fertilized, where is the most common site of fertilization?* A. Uterine wall B. Fimbria C. Ampulla of the Fallopian Tube D. Isthmus of the Fallopian Tube

C. Ampulla of the Fallopian Tube

A patient is trying to prevent pregnancy by using the rhythm method. At what time during a woman's cycle is she the most fertile?* A. Cycle days 21-28 B. Cycle days 1-6 C. Cycle days 9-16 D. Cycle days 6-9

C. Cycle days 9-16 Ovulation occurs on cycle day 14 and the egg lives for 24 hours. Sperm can live inside the woman's reproductive track for approximately 5 days. Therefore, 5 days before ovulation a woman is fertile and 24 hours after ovulation

During which stage of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium layer thicken?* A. Secretory Phase B. Luteal Phase C. Ovulation Phase D. Proliferative Phase

D. Proliferative Phase The proliferative phase is where the endometrium layer is rebuilding. Remember during the menstrual phase (cycle days 1-6) the endometrium layer sheds and must be rebuilt. The estrogen released from the follicle (as it matures) causes the endometrium to thicken, in case pregnancy occurs during this cycle.

True or False: One of the many functions of progesterone is to maintain the endometrium for the fertilized ovum.* True False

TRUE

When does implantation generally occur after fertilization? after ovulation? a. 5, 12 b. 12, 14 c. 5, 6 d. 12, 21 e. 5, 21

a. 5,12

During the second part of the follicular phase, the primary follicle must become a secondary follicle by multiplying and differentiating 3 different cell types: stratified epithelium forms _______________, thick layer of condensing connective tissue forms the _____________, and a thick clear membrane is formed that sperm must penetrate to fertilize called the ___________. a. granulosa cells, theca folliculi, zona pellucida b. granulos cells, zona pellucida, theca folliculi c. epithelial cells, graafian folliculi, zona pellucida d. epithelial cells, zona pellucida, graafian foliculi e. secondary follicular cells, theca folliculi, zona pellucida.

a. granulosa cells, theca folliculi, zona pellucida.

Which of the following represents the correct flow of blood to the uterus? a. internal iliac artery, uterine artery, arcuate artery, radial artery, straight arteries to stratum basalis and spiral arteries to stratum functionalis. b. internal iliac artery, uterine artery, radial artery, arcuate artery, straight artery to stratum functionalis and spiral arteries to stratum basalis. c. internal iliac artery, uterine artery, radial artery, straight artery to stratum basalis and spiral arteries to stratum functionalis. d. internal iliac artery, uterine artery, arcuate artery, radial artery, straight artery to the stratum functionalis and spiral arteries to stratum basalis.

a. internal iliac artery, uterine artery, arcuate artery, radial artery, straight arteries to stratum basalis and spiral arteries to stratum functionalis.

hcG is directly responsible for: a. maintain corpus luteum b. dissolving the corpus luteum c. maintaining high levels of estrogen and progesterone d. preventing gnRH release

a. maintaining the corpus lutuem. Indirectly, this keeps levels of estrogen and progesterone high, which prevents gnRH release.

Mammory glands contain lobules with milk-secreting cells called: a. mammory alveoli b. Cooper's glands c. lactiferous cells d. mammory sweat glands e. labium cells

a. mammory alveoli

The stratum functionalis is histologically composed of: a. simple columnar b. transitional c. simple squamous d. stratified squamous e. simple cuboidal

a. simple columnar--> contains secretory and ciliated cells (grab onto fertalized sticky embryo)

Which of the following arteries undergo degeneration and regeneration with each menstrual cycle and are also involved in spasm leading to constriction and reduction of blood flow. a. spiral arteries b. straight arteries c. arcuate artery d. radial artery e. uterine artery f. capillaries of myometrium

a. spiral arteries are attached to the stratum functionalis. They constrict and shut off blood flow to the functionalis layer causing it to degenerate, shed and sluff off with menses.

The corpus luteum continues to surge estrogen and progesterone after fertilization a. true b. false

a. true, this surge prepares the endometrium for implantation

When does hcG production stop? why? a. 2months, placenta takes over b. 14 days, it turns into corpus albucins c. 1 month, don't need the high levels of hormones anymore d. 1 month, placenta takes over e. 2 moths, don't need high levels of hormones anymore.

a. two months, placenta takes over and then the corpus luteum dissolves but ovaries still remain inactive.

where on the uterus to the fallopian tubes attach? a. uterine horns of fundus b. uterine horns of body c. isthmus d. cervix e. ampulla

a. uterine horns of fundus

Where does the sperm bind with on the oocyte? a. the head b. the zona pellucida c. theca follicula d. corona radiata e. the fimbrae

b. the zona pellucida bonus: this was formed during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, it surrounds the oocyte (not the external wall of the follicle, remember, the follicle already burst). Theca folliculi is the wall of the follicle.

The inner cell mass of the blastocyst is called the _____ and produces _______ a. trophoblast, placenta b. trophoblast, hcG c. trophoblast, progesterone d. morula, placenta e. morula, hcG

b. trophoblast, hcG

Mammory glands are typically located: a. between 2nd and 4th ribs females only b. between 3 and 7th ribs males and females c. between 3 and 7th female only d. between 5th and 8th ribs males and females e. between 5th and 8the ribs females only

c. between 3 and 7th female only... therefore innervation is through the 4th, 5th and 6th thoracic nerves.

The luteal/secretory phase occurs at? a. days 1-5 b. days 5-14 c. days 14-28 d. days 0-5

c. days 14-28

at which stage in the uterine cycle does the secretory phase occur? a. days 1-5 b. days 5-14 c. days 14-28 d. days 0-5

c. days 14-28

Which of the following is not true of progesterone? a. it is secreted by the corpus luteum b. it is stimulated by HCG c. it is secreted in the first 1/2 of the menstrual cycle d. it helps maintain pregnancy when fertilization occurs

c. it is secreted in the first 1/2 of the menstrual cycle. It is secreted in the second 1/2 of the menstrual cycle.

Which tissue layer of the ovary contains oocytes? a. germinal epithelium b. ovarian medulla c. ovarian cortex d. tunica albuginea e. both the ovarian cortex and medulla

c. ovarian cortex: also contains follicles/granulosa cells (so oocytes at various stages of development) and vascular tissue.

Which layer does implantation occur in? Choose the BEST answer a. perimetrium b. myometrium c. stratum basalis d. endometrium e. stratum functionalis

d. endometrium. "if fertilization occurs, embryo burrows into the endometrium and remains there throughout pregnancy"

In the first part of the ______ , ________ become primary follicles a. follicular, seconday b. luteal, secondary c. luteal, premordial d. follicular, premordial

d. follicular, premordial during this phase, flat follicular cells become cuboidal to form the primary follicles. This is the first of 3 parts of the follicular phase.

Which of the following is the correct flow of milk in the breast out the nipple? a. milk-secreting cells in lobules--> lactiferous ducts--> areola--> nipple b. milk-secreting cells in lobules--> mammory lobule ducts--> lobule sinuses c. milk-secreting cells in lobules--> mammory ducts--> mammory sinuses d. milk-secreting cells in lobules--> lactiferous ducts--> lactiferous sinuses

d. milk-secreting cells in lobules--> lactiferous ducts--> lactiferous sinuses

The first meiotic division of the ovarian cycle occurs at puberty, is completed at ______and the second begins at ________. a. primary follicle, secondary follicle b. puberty, primary follicle c. puberty, secondary follicle d. seconadary follicle, graafian follicle e. primary follicle, graafian follicle

d. secondary follicle, graafian follicle. The first meitic division of the oocyte occurs at birth and is completed when the follicle becomes a secondary follcile, it then undergoes its second division at the surge of LH to form the graafian follicle/cells. This, along with the growing antrum causes ovulation to occur. This changes the primary OOCYTE to the secondary OOCYTE. Primary oocyte at birth, completes its last division in the graafian follcile.

What is the correct layering of tissues of the ovary from outer to inner a. tunica albuginea--> germinal epithelium --> ovarian cortex--> ovarian medulla b. ovarian cortex--> ovarian medulla--> tunical albuginea--> germinal epithelium c. ovarian cortex--> ovarian medulla--> germinal epithelium --> tunica albuginea d. ovarian cortex--> tunic albuginea--> germinal epithelium --> ovarian medulla e. germinal epithelium--> tunica albuginea--> ovarian cortex--> ovarian medulla

e. germinal epithelium--> tunica albuginea--> ovarian cortex--> ovarian medulla

Which of the following is not true regarding egg development? a. during fetal peroprd of life, the precursor cells to the female's lifelong supply of eggs are called oogenia b. mitosis of oogenia to become primary oocytes occurs before birth c. it occurs monthly as a part of the ovarian cycle d. primary oocytes undergo meiosis at puberty to form secondary oocytes during oculation e. surge of LH causes division to turn primary oocytes to secondary oocytes f. none of the above, they are all true

f. none of the above, they are all true

True/false, the corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone

true. Then, the rising estrogen and progesterone shuts off GNRHwhich shuts off FSH and LH and this stops ovulation from occuring.