Female Reproductive System

The ____ of the uterus is its midportion.

Body

The region of the breast that is the conical to pendulous region is the ____.

Body

The mound of glandular and adipose tissue overlying the pectoralis major that enlarges at puberty within a female is the ____.

Breast

The inferior cylindrical end of the uterus is the ____

Cervix

Women undergo a midlife change in hormone levels called:

Climacteric

The ____ is the erectile organ of the female genitalia.

Clitoris

The ____ is the longest portion of a uterine tube.

Ampulla

Describe the relationship between an oocyte and a follicle.

An oocyte (egg) is part of a follicle.

The fluid filled cavity found in tertiary and mature follicles is called the ____.

Antrum

Identify two characteristics of pubarche

Appearance of sebaceous and axillary glands, appearance of pubic and axillary hair.

The ____ is the colored circular zone surrounding the nipple of the breast

Areola

The stratum ____ is the deeper layer of the endometrium that is retained during each menstrual period and regenerates the superficial layer.

Basalis

____ (class of hormones) and androgens are responsible for most of the visible changes associated with puberty in the female.

Estrogens

_____ (class of hormones) and androgens are responsible for most of the visible changes associated with puberty in the female.

Estrogens

The vulva is a general term for:

External female genitalia

The development of the follicle that surrounds the egg as the egg undergoes Oogenesis is called ___.

Folliculogenesis

The ___ is the anterior most aspect of the clitoris.

Glans

Stratified follicular cells surrounding an oocyte are called ____ cells.

Granulosa

Identify the main events of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.

Growth of stratum functionalis due to growth of blood vessels

Identify the main events of the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.

Growth of stratum functionalis due to the accumulation of fluid/mucus

A secondary oocyte is ____

Haploid

Fimbriae extend off of the ____ of the uterine tube.

Infundibulum

The ____ genitalia are composed of the uterus, uterine tubes, and vagina

Internal

The ____ of the uterine tube is attached to the uterus.

Isthmus

The discharge of menstrual fluid via the vagina occurs during the ___ phase of the menstrual cycle.

Menstrual

The superficial fat pad overlying the pubic symphysis is the:

Mons pubis

The ____ is the muscular layer of the uterine wall.

Myometrium

Lactiferous sinuses merge at the ____ of the breast.

Nipple

The production of the female haploid gamete is called ____.

Oogenesis

The ovarian stem cells that give rise to oocytes are called:

Oogonia

Identify the female reproductive organ that produces egg cells and sex hormones.

Ovary

During pregnancy, the hormone ___ functions to suppress uterine contractions, prevent menstruation, and stimulate development of mammary gland acini.

Progesterone

Identify three hormones secreted by the corpus luteum.

Progesterone Inhibin Estradiol

The lactiferous ducts convey milk to the lactiferous ____ located behind and within the nipple.

Sinus

Identify the opening covered by the hymen

Vagina orifice

After the involution of the corpus luteum, the inactive bit of scar tissue that remains is known as the corpus ____.

Albicans

Identify two roles of the suspensory ligament of the breast.

1. Attach breast to pectoralis major 2. Attach breast to dermis of skin

Rank the series of hormonal events starting with menstruation that result in ovulation.

1. FSH causes follicular development 2. Follicles release estrogen 3. Estrogen triggers release of LH 4. LH triggers ovulation

List in order the phases of the ovarian cycle

1. Follicular phase 2. Ovulation 3. Luteal phase

Arrange the path of blood from the systemic circuit to the endometrium of the uterus.

1. Internal iliac artery 2. Uterine artery 3. Arcuate arteries 4. Spiral arteries

List in order, starting with the hypothalamus, the organs in the hierarchy of hormonal control involved in the sexual cycle.

1. Pituitary 2. Ovaries 3. Uterus

Identify the four uterine phases of the menstrual cycle.

1. Proliferative phase 2. Secretory phase 3. Premenstrual phase 4. Menstrual phase

Identify the normal components of menstrual fluid.

1. Serous fluid 2. Necrotic endometrium 3. Blood

Estrogen has multiple effects. Two effects of this hormone:

1. Upregulation of FSH, LH, and estrogen receptors in dominant follicle 2. Inhibition of GnRH release

List the organs of the internal genitalia

1.vagina 2.ovaries 3. Uterus 4. Uterine tubes

The average length of the sexual cycle each month is ____ days.

28

The layer of cells that surrounds the zona pellucida and the oocyte in tertiary and mature follicles is called the:

Corona radiata

Eggs and developing follicles are located within the ___ of the ovary.

Cortex

The regions of the corpus cavernosa of the clitoris that attach it to the pubic arch are the paired ____.

Crura

The hormone that stimulates mitosis of the stratum basalis in order to rebuild the stratum functionalis is:

Estrogen

Fringe-like projections extending from the infundibulum of the uterine tube are called:

Fimbriae

____ feathery projections; finger like projections

Fimbriae

The ____ phase of the ovarian cycle involves the growth and development of follicles.

Follicular

The ____ ducts drain the lobes of the mammary glands during pregnancy

Lactiferous

The transformation of a ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum is regulated by ____ hormone.

Luteotropic

The structure within the breast of pregnant and lactating women is the ____ gland.

Mammary

Breast cancers usually arise from cells of the ___

Mammillary ducts

____ or breast X-rays are one method of detecting small breast tumors.

Mammograms

The ____ of the ovary contains the most of the large arteries and veins.

Medulla

The process of ___ that occurs about day 14 of the ovarian cycle includes the rupturing of the mature follicle and the release of its egg and surrounding cells.

Ovulation

An ____ is another name for an unfertilized oocyte or egg.

Ovum

List the layers of the uterine wall.

Perimetrium (external serosa) Myometrium (middle muscular layer) Endometrium (inner mucosa)

A drop in progesterone from atrophying corpus luteum causes contraction of the spinal arteries of the stratum functionalis during the ____ phase of the memstrual cycle.

Premenstrual

____ are the developing female gametes as they progress through meiosis I.

Primary oocytes

A ___ follicle consists of a layer of flattened epithelial cells surrounding a primary oocyte in early meiosis

Primordial

Rising levels of the hormone GnRH stimulates secretion of gonadotropins and sex hormones to trigger the onset of ____, the transition that begins female reproductive life.

Puberty

The area surrounded by peritoneum between uterus and rectum

Rectouterine

The ____ ligaments extend from the anterior surface of the uterus, through the inguinal canals, and terminate at the labia majora.

Round

The ridges in the vagina wall that function to produce friction to stimulate the penis are called vaginal ____

Rugae

A ___ follicle consist of two or more layers of stratified cells and a zona pellucida that surrounds a large oocyte.

Secondary

During folliculogenesis, a follicle that has begun accumulating fluid secreted by the granulosa cells is called a ____ follicle.

Tertiary

The onset of breast development is also called ____.

Thelarche

The duct that extends from the ovary to the uterus and conveys an egg or conceptus to the uterus is the:

Uterine tube

The _____ is the large muscular organ that opens into the roof of the vagina.

Uterus

The ____ is the tube that allows discharge of menstrual fluid, receipt of the penis and semen and birth of a baby.

Vagina

____ pouch, forms space between the uterus and urinary bladder

Vesicouterine

The ____ is the area of female external genitalia enclosed by the labia.

Vestibule