FIN Final
Which of the following is a true statement about email communications?
Email etiquette falls somewhere in between that of a phone call and that of a letter.
Farah, a manager, listens carefully to her employees' problems, helps them find solutions, and shows her employees that she believes in their ability to overcome obstacles. In doing these things, Farah demonstrates which fundamental quality of charismatic leadership?
Enabling
The compromising style of conflict management reflects a _____ concern for your own interests and a _____ concern for the interests of the other party.
medium, medium
Research into gender and leadership supports which of the following conclusions?
men tend to be more autocratic leaders
What term refers to work completed by traveling employees who use technology to communicate with the office as necessary from places such as client offices, airports, cars, and hotels?
mobile work
According to Hersey and Blanchard, a leader's ratio of relationship behavior to task behavior should be highest when follower readiness is:
moderate
Which of the following fits the profile of an entrepreneur?
need for achievement
A group that lacks both norms and cohesiveness would most likely _____ leadership.
neither substitute for nor neutralize
A job that is poorly structured, unsatisfying, and lacks embedded feedback would most likely _____ leadership.
neither substitute for nor neutralize
An organization with undefined rules, a flexible reward system, and ambiguous objectives would most likely _____ leadership.
neither substitute for nor neutralize
Anna asks Patrick if he's had a chance to do the dishes yet. Patrick says, "I didn't get to that," but he swallows some of his words, so Anna thinks he said, "I didn't get a hat." Anna is confused because she doesn't know why Patrick didn't get a hat or what that has to do with the dishes. Her interpretation of Patrick's response most clearly illustrates which barrier to communication?
noise
A(n) _____ is someone who investigates complaints and mediates fair settlements between aggrieved parties.
ombudsman
Which of the following is NOT a perception of the other party that fuels relationship conflict?
opinions
Each of the following is a reason many people shy away from conflict EXCEPT
organizations often reward people who avoid conflict
Leaders who are coaches contrast leaders who are:
overseers
According to Project GLOBE, _____ leadership includes being democratic rather than autocratic.
participative
The Leadership Grid measures a leader's concern for:
people and production
Pauline, a high school principal, retires. She finds retirement boring and hires on at the school as a teacher with no special authority. Nevertheless, the other teachers and even the new principal often heed her advice because they trust and respect her from the days when she ran the school. This example illustrates Pauline's _____ power.
personal
_____ conflict occurs when people disagree about the relevance or interpretation of data.
Information
If you are "high LPC," you are most likely to describe your least preferred coworker using which adjectives?
Interesting, harmonious, pleasant
Which of the following is a true statement about good writing?
It's okay to sometimes use pictures or other graphical aids to illustrate your points.
Kareem says something to Sue. Which of the following will have the greatest impact on Sue's interpretation of what Kareem says?
Kareem's body language
Kareem says something to Sue. Which of the following will have the LEAST impact on Sue's interpretation of what Kareem says?
Kareem's choice of words
Which organizational structure is the least hierarchical and has the most open communication?
Lattice
Email is appropriate for sending which of the following?
Questions that warrant a reply by the end of the same day
Which of the following is NOT a good strategy for de-escalating conflict?
Raise your voice to make sure the other side can hear your opinions
Priya used to have to drive one hour to work and back every day. Because many employees lived in Priya's city, the company opened a new cubicle farm there to help cut back everyone's commute. This is an example of:
a satellite office
_____ is the set of relationships among people connected through friendship, family, work, or other ties.
a social network
Sergei is a decisive leader who strives for high performance and often sees a path forward when no one else does. According to Project GLOBE, Sergei exhibits _____ leadership.
charismatic
_____ leadership depends on the leader's personal ability to inspire support and acceptance in others.
charismatic
Jane and Lev work in the same office. Jane likes it cold, so in the summer, she cranks up the AC. Lev is sensitive to cold temperatures, so he often turns the AC back down. Preeti, who also works in the same office, doesn't care what the temperature is, but the thermostat wars annoy her to no end. She buys Lev a space heater so that he can stay comfortable while Jane sets the AC to whatever she wants. Preeti has used which conflict management strategy?
collaborating
Which conflict management style emphasizes problem solving and pursues an outcome that gives both parties what they want?
collaborating
Which conflict management style is generally regarded as the best approach to conflict management?
collaborating
Which of the following is a recommended suggestion for running an effective job interview meeting?
Taking the first two minutes to establish rapport and take control of the interview
The impact of global design teams and the internet falls under which category of pressures for organization change?
Technology
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Michigan and Ohio State leadership studies?
The Michigan studies believed that the two types of leader behavior were mutually exclusive, whereas the Ohio State studies did not.
Which of the following plays the biggest role in determining whether a conflict escalates?
The emotional state of the involved parties
According to Hersey and Blanchard, the ideal leadership style for a given situation depends primarily on which of the following?
The readiness of the followers
Evaluate the following statement: Some characteristics, called leadership substitutes, render leadership ineffective even if a leader is present and attempting to engage in leadership behaviors.
The statement is inaccurate because such characteristics are called leadership neutralizers.
Which of the following is a good strategy for de-escalating conflict?
Use delay tactics in the hope that emotions will cool down.
Which of the following is a component of active listening?
While the speaker is talking, attempt to make logical connections between the speaker's statements
Which of the following is NOT a good suggestion for improving one's writing skills?
Write in the passive voice
Can an intranet be connected to the Internet?
Yes, by setting up a firewall and giving outsiders company-issued passwords
Alistair works in a cubicle farm that is also used by employees of several companies other than the one he works for. This is an example of:
a neighborhood work center
The competitive style of conflict management reflects a _____ concern for your own interests and a _____ concern for the interests of the other party.
high, low
People in _____ cultures rely less on words to convey meaning than people in _____ cultures do.
high-context; low-context
A company in an unstable, rapidly changing environment would be LEAST suited to which type of structure?
highly mechanistic
Ever since he found out he has cancer, Alex, a computer programmer, has been allowed to work from home three days out of five each week. This is an example of:
home-based telecommuting
While tutoring his daughter Monica for the SAT, Greg explains that a certain problem can be solved by taking the factorial of 6. However, Monica doesn't know what a factorial is, so she doesn't understand Greg's explanation. Monica's confusion most directly illustrates which type of noise in communication?
jargon
Task redesign is the direct alteration of what?
jobs
Which of the following is most crucial to an organization for creating and directing change?
leadership
If certain factors are present, a leader who is present and attempting to perform leadership behaviors will be rendered ineffective. These factors are known as:
leadership neutralizers
If certain factors are present, the employee will perform his or her job capably without the direction of a leader. These factors are known as:
leadership substitutes
Moira, a manager at a fast food chain, controls the shift schedule. Employees follow the shift schedule Moira sets because they understand that Moira has the authority to set it. This example illustrates Moira's _____ power.
legitimate
Which of the following types of power does NOT rely on internal motivation and voluntary compliance?
legitimate
Email and instant messaging offer similar media richness except that email offers:
less feedback availability
Skill at organizational politics is correlated with _____ stress and _____ performance.
less; better
An organization that is highly decentralized is also likely to have a:
low degree of formalization
The accommodating style of conflict management reflects a _____ concern for your own interests and a _____ concern for the interests of the other party.
low, high
Effective project teams tend to have _____ levels of relationship conflict that _____ toward the end of the project.
low, increase
The avoiding style of conflict management reflects a _____ concern for your own interests and a _____ concern for the interests of the other party.
low, low
What is the best way for professionals to use social media such as Facebook and Instagram?
make posts that illustrate your professional accomplishments.
In Lewin's process model, refreezing is the process that:
makes new behaviors relatively permanent and resistant to further change
In Lewin's process model, unfreezing is the process that:
makes people become aware of the need for change.
_____ is a face-to-face management technique in which managers get out of their offices and spend time talking informally to employees throughout the organization.
management by wandering around
When employees report to both a project or product team and to a functional manager, they are working in a _____ structure.
matrix
Which organizational structure works best for dealing with nonprogrammed decisions requiring flexibility?
matrix
In _____, an impartial third party facilitates a discussion using persuasion and logic, suggesting alternatives, and establishing each side's priorities.
mediation
Which type of interdependence creates the LEAST potential for conflict?
pooled interdependence
A(n) _____ is similar to an intranet but tends to be more project-focused.
portal
Evaluate the following statement: According to Graen and Dansereau, the in-group of a leader is a small group of trusted subordinates who are given more autonomy and responsibility than others.
the statement is accurate
Evaluate the following statement: When resolving conflict, it is better to focus on interests than on positions.
the statement is accurate
Prior to the behavioral approach to leadership, most research focused on which other approach to leadership?
trait
Which of the following people is most likely to celebrate diversity and desire flexibility in carrying out a job?
A banker born in 1982
Which type of organization would be the LEAST likely to respond quickly to a sudden opportunity in the environment?
A highly mechanistic organization
Which type of organization would be the most likely to respond quickly to a sudden opportunity in the environment?
A highly organic organization
Which of the following is a true statement about conflict mediation?
A mediator should strive to identify a goal that both parties cannot reach without cooperation
Peter asks his boss how often to submit a TPR report. His boss replies that she would like to see the report bi-weekly. Later, Peter realizes that "bi-weekly" can mean either "twice a week" or "once every two weeks," which means he still doesn't know how often to submit the TPR report. Peter's confusion most directly illustrates which type of noise in communication?
Ambiguity
Which of the following is NOT a good suggestion for conducting an effective presentation?
Avoid distracting the audience with gestures.
What is the best way for a manager to deal with grapevines?
Be aware of office gossip to stay informed, but neutralize rumors with honest communication
What does BATNA stand for?
Best alternative to a negotiated agreement
Which of the following is a good suggestion for conducting an effective presentation?
Bluntly tell the audience when you're making an important point
Which of the following situations illustrates a poor grasp of meeting skills?
Bob composes a meeting agenda an hour before the meeting and passes it out to everyone right as the meeting begins.
Which of the following situations illustrates a good grasp of meeting skills?
Bob realizes that the meeting he has scheduled doesn't have a good purpose, so an hour before the meeting he cancels it.
Penny asks Seymour how he's doing. Seymour says, "I'm fine" in a level tone of voice. Penny sees his shoulders stiffen and a wince pass across his face before he answers, so she concludes that Seymour is not in fact fine. This example illustrates the importance of which of the following concepts?
Body language
Which conflict management style is most applicable for very important issues?
Competing
Which conflict management style involves each side sacrificing something in order to end the conflict?
Compromising
Research suggests that organization culture is understood and communicated through the use of symbolic media. Correspondingly, managers wishing to change an organization's culture should do which of the following?
Create situations that give rise to new stories supporting the new culture
The presence of millennials and workplace diversity in today's organizational environment is most likely to result in which of the following types of changes?
Demands for different training and benefits
Which organizational structure works best for an organization selling multitudes of products all across the globe?
Divisional
According to Vroom, which decision style involves presenting a problem to the group, defining its boundaries, and hosting a discussion to help group members make the decision?
Facilitate
Each of the following is a good email practice EXCEPT:
sending one email per distinct thought
Which of the following is NOT a recommended suggestion for running an effective meeting?
Hand out the agenda for the first time at the start of the meeting
Which of the following is an accurate statement about negotiations?
If emotions start to flare up, a good idea is to take a break.
Which stage of Glasl's model of conflict escalation marks the first shift away from the issues themselves?
Images and coalitions
What is the best way for an employee to deal with grapevines?
Listen to them but take care to confirm their assertions.
Which of the following is NOT an effective negotiation technique?
Look at the deal as an either/or proposition
Gustav is teaching an online class when his cat knocks his microphone off the desk, breaking it and preventing anyone in the class from hearing what Gustav is saying. Gustav's cat created which type of noise in Gustav's communication?
Loss of transmission
Which of the following is not a recommended suggestion for making an effective presentation?
Maximize the use of notecards
Which stage of the continuous change process model entails making sure that the change is having the desired effect?
Measure, evaluate, and control
Anna asks Patrick whether he enjoyed a movie they just watched. Patrick says, truthfully, "It was one of the greatest movies I have ever seen." Patrick is not prone to superlative statements, has a naturally sarcastic sounding voice, and speaks in a deadpan, so Anna thinks that Patrick hated the movie. Her interpretation of Patrick's response most clearly illustrates which barrier to communication?
Misperception
Which of the following is an example of a systems innovation?
Roland Garros brings a machine gun aboard a plane and shoots through the propellers, creating the first fighter aircraft.
Which of the following is NOT an effective conflict resolution behavior?
Speaking separately to both parties
Which of the following is an effective negotiation technique?
Suppress your emotions
Jane and Lev work in the same office. Jane likes it cold, so in the summer, she cranks up the AC. Lev is sensitive to cold temperatures, so he often turns the AC back down. Jane confronts Lev and tells him that, when he is cold, he can put on a sweater, but when she is hot, she can't exactly take off her shirt. Lev concedes that Jane has a point and starts bringing sweaters to work, though this makes him a little unhappy, and the AC stays at whatever level Jane wants. Lev has used which conflict management strategy?
accommodating
Which conflict management style emphasizes cooperation and letting the other side have what it wants?
accommodating
Which conflict management style is most appropriate in situations when you realize you are wrong?
accommodating
_____ conflict management norms resolve conflict openly.
active
Becoming actively involved in the process of listening to what others are saying and clarifying the meaning of messages if they are unclear is known as:
active listening
Which of the following is NOT one of the three fundamental attributes of a charismatic leader?
aggrandizing
In the Hersey and Blanchard model, a leader who employs a "participating" style:
allows her employees to share in the decision-making process
In the Hersey and Blanchard model, a leader who employs a "delegating" style:
allows her employees to work independently with little, if any, oversight
Incremental innovation occurs when:
an existing innovation is enhanced to a degree.
In _____, a third party is involved and usually has the authority to impose a settlement on the parties.
arbitration
A physical manifestation of an organization's culture is known as an:
artifact
Each of the following is a component of active listening EXCEPT:
asking rhetorical questions.
The ultimate source of behaviors are:
assumptions
Jane and Lev work in the same office. Jane likes it cold, so in the summer, she cranks up the AC. Lev is sensitive to cold temperatures, so he often turns the AC back down. Lev knows that Jane is temperamental and that confronting her about the AC will probably cause more problems than it solves, so he decides to keep things as they are, with the AC going up and down throughout the day. Lev has used which conflict management strategy?
avoiding
Which conflict management style involves ignoring the conflict or denying that it exists?
avoiding
Which conflict management style is LEAST appropriate in a conflict over important issues?
avoiding
To be successful, an organization needs:
both management and leadership
A company that wants to promote a culture of openness and teamwork should ensure that its intranet has a _____ scope.
broad
Moira manages a fast food restaurant. After noticing that Jena does a poor job cleaning the bathrooms at night, Moira asks Wren to do it. Wren agrees, hoping to cultivate Moira's favor, and attacks the bathrooms every evening with gusto. In this instance, Wren exhibits:
commitment
Jane and Lev work in the same office. Jane likes it cold, so in the summer, she cranks up the AC. Lev is sensitive to cold temperatures, so he often turns the AC back down. Jane confronts Lev and tells him that, when he is cold, he can put on a sweater, but when she is hot, she can't exactly take off her shirt. Lev concedes that Jane has a point and starts bringing sweaters to work, though this makes him a little unhappy, and the AC stays at whatever level Jane wants. Jane has used which conflict management strategy?
competing
Which conflict management style involves one side dominating the other, attaining something at the expense of the other side?
competing
Employees checking their cell phones and whispering to each other during a meeting are causing which type of communication noise?
competition
The increase in the number of competing products with more features and options is usually spurred by which of the following pressures for organization change?
competition
In _____, a third party builds a positive relationship between the parties and directs them toward a satisfactory settlement.
conciliation
What term refers to a disagreement through which two or more parties perceive a threat to their interests, needs, or concerns?
conflict
Which of the following is NOT one of the four fundamental principles of integrative negotiation?
connect the people with the problem
_____ conflict is adaptive, positive, and helps all of the involved parties reach a beneficial outcome.
constructive
According to Vroom, which decision style involves obtaining suggestions from the group before making a decision?
consult
_____ make up an inner layer of organizational culture.
core ideologies
In much of the world, the thumb up sign means "O.K." But in Nigeria, Afghanistan, Iran, and parts of Italy and Greece, it is an obscene insult and carries the same meaning as the middle finger in the United States. This is an example of which type of communication barrier?
cultural
Regina and Dave collaborate on a science fiction novel. Regina wants to just start writing and see where the characters take the story, while Dave wants to create an outline and plan out the whole story in advance. As Regina and Dave attempt to convince each other of the merits of their respective proposals, they each become convinced of their own correctness and the other's inferiority. Emotions rise and the discussion turns into a yelling match. This marks which stage of Glasl's model of conflict escalation?
debate
In Glasl's model of conflict escalation, constructive conflicts are resolved by which stage?
debating
Professionals in conflict resolution training suggest four areas of skill development. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
debating
Ciara, a customer service representative, feels that she is being mistreated by her manager. She's afraid to talk to her manager's manager because she thinks that he will take her manager's side, so she reaches out directly to the head of the human resources department to express her concerns. This engages Ciara in _____ communication.
diagonal
_____ communication occurs when higher-level employees communicate with those at lower levels from a different department.
diagonal
_____ communication occurs when lower-level employees communicate with those at higher levels from a different department.
diagonal
In _____ negotiation, any gain to one party is offset by an equivalent loss to the other party.
distributive
Which type of negotiation occurs under zero-sum conditions?
distributive
A _____ structure utilizes collections of functions organized around a particular geographic area, product or service, or market.
divisional
Duncan, a regional director, suspects that his subordinate Beth, an area manager, is mistreating her subordinates. He directly contacts one of her subordinates, Anh-Chi, to find out what is going on. This engages Duncan in _____ communication.
downward
_____ communication occurs when higher-level employees communicate with those at lower levels in the same department.
downward
_____ conflict often becomes separated from the initial issue and continues even after the original conflict becomes irrelevant or is forgotten.
dysfunctional
According to the Leadership Grid, a management style of 9,1 entails:
efficiency in operations resulting from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree.
Generating feelings of _____ helps to de-escalate conflict.
empathy and sympathy
The degree to which an employee has the authority to make and implement decisions is called:
empowerment
Which of the following is a purpose of after-action reviews?
enable learning
Saria, a new employee at Epoch Systems, notices that whenever the veteran coworkers are asked for help, no matter how busy they are with their own work, they always cheerfully pitch in. This quality of Epoch's employees is an _____ of Epoch's organizational culture.
enacted value
Which fundamental attribute of charismatic leadership entails demonstrating personal excitement, expressing personal confidence, and seeking, finding, and using success?
energizing
Which fundamental attribute of charismatic leadership entails articulating a compelling vision, setting high expectations, and modeling consistent behaviors?
envisioning
After starting her new job at Epoch Systems, Saria receives a new employee guidebook which states, "Always put the customer first." Putting the customer first is therefore an _____ of Epoch's organizational culture.
espoused value
_____ power comes from deep knowledge or a high level of skill within a certain area of practice.
expert
Which of the following is an effective conflict resolution behavior?
expressing emotions
The _____ medium is the "richest" medium because it has the capacity for immediate feedback, carries multiple cues, and uses natural language.
face-to-face
Which of the following is a true statement about active listening?
feedback that you are listening can be either verbal or nonverbal
With _____ less than the full amount of information is received due to withholding, ignoring, or distorting information.
filtering
Biff gets an entry-level job at an engineering company. Although the company is large, with over a thousand employees, there are only four steps from Biff to the company's CEO. The company must have a:
flat hierarchy.
_____ communications are official and organization-sanctioned.
formal
Relationships with bosses and coworkers comprise the _____ that contribute to a social network.
formal ties
_____ conflict is healthy and leads to greater learning, flexibility, and creativity.
functional
Which of the following resistors to organizational change is driven primarily by laziness?
habit
Regina and Dave collaborate on a science fiction novel. Regina wants to just start writing and see where the characters take the story, while Dave wants to create an outline and plan out the whole story in advance. As Regina and Dave first attempt to convince each other of the merits of their respective proposals, they enter which stage of Glasl's model of conflict escalation?
hardening
The collaborating style of conflict management reflects a _____ concern for your own interests and a _____ concern for the interests of the other party.
high, high
Videoconferencing is _____ in feedback availability and _____ in language variety.
high, high
Vinesh, a technical writer, has to document the features of an upgrade to a piece of software. One of the features confuses him, so he sends an instant message to Sarah, one of the programmers who worked on the upgrade, to ask her several questions about the feature. This engages Vinesh in _____ communication.
horizontal
_____ communication occurs when employees at the same level of the organizational hierarchy communicate with each other.
horizontal
The marketing department of a video game company is in constant conflict with the programming department. The marketers want every game to have a lot of bells and whistles that can be promoted in the press, while the programmers want the games to be as streamlined as possible so that there are fewer bugs and the games can launch on time. This is an example of _____ conflict.
horizontal structural
Research shows that with respect to meetings, the factor that employees care about the most is:
how the meeting time is spent
Patrice is Bert's supervisor. Bert often knows things Patrice's other subordinates don't, and he gets the lion's share of special, more autonomous duties. According to the LMX model, Bert is most likely a part of Patrice's:
in-group
The invention of the steam engine in 1781 by James Watt paved the way for the Industrial Revolution. Beginning in the early 1800s, inventors began finding ways to apply the steam engine to carriages, creating the first gas-powered automobiles. In 1903, Mary Anderson invented the windshield wiper blade, allowing drivers to drive in the rain without being blind. Anderson's invention of the windshield wiper constituted what type of innovation?
incremental
A grapevine is a form of:
informal communication
Relationships based on friendship and choice comprise the _____ that contribute to a social network.
informal ties
George, a manager, tells some but not all of his employees about an upcoming policy that will make it harder for employees to use their vacation days. The employees who know about the incoming change rush to use up their vacation days before it hits, adding strain to the workloads of the employees who do not know. The situation most clearly illustrates _____ conflict.
information
When the amount of information available exceeds our ability to process it, we experience:
information overload
According to the Ohio State studies, a leader who clearly defines the leader-subordinate roles so that subordinates know what is expected of them exhibits _____ leader behavior.
initiating-structure
Which of the following communication media provides the fastest feedback?
instant messaging
Billy and Reba are teenage siblings. They both want to use the family computer, but they can't agree on how to share it. Their dad steps in and asks them what they want the computer for. It turns out that the only thing Billy wants to do is to post blogs on YouTube, which is something he can do just as well if not better on his phone. Reba wants to play video games. After the discussion, Reba plays games on the computer while Billy goes elsewhere to make his blogs. The outcome illustrates _____ negotiation.
integrative
In _____ negotiation, the agreement involves no loss to either party.
integrative
According to the Leadership Grid, a management style of 9,9 entails:
interdependence through a "common stake" in organization purpose, leading to relationships of trust and respect.
A(n) _____ is a website stored on a computer that is connected to other company computers by an internal network.
intranet
Dennis is a project manager for a publishing company. He needs something that will allow him to manage schedules, track progress, and quickly disseminate documents and status updates to his team members. For these needs, Dennis would most directly benefit from a(n):
portal
Which of the following influence tactics is the LEAST effective?
pressure
Which of the following involves coercion?
pressure
Conflicts of interest over _____ issues relate to the way the conflict will be handled.
procedural
Behavioral approaches to leadership studied leadership as a:
process
Leadership is both a property and a:
process
Regina and Dave collaborate on a science fiction novel. Regina wants to just start writing and see where the characters take the story, while Dave wants to create an outline and plan out the whole story in advance. This disagreement between Regina and Dave is most directly a form of _____ conflict.
process
_____ conflict is a disagreement over how to accomplish tasks, who is responsible for what, and how things should be delegated.
process
Conflicts of interest over _____ issues relate to perceptions of fairness, trust, or interest in participating.
psychological
An information _____ occurs when someone receives information after requesting it.
pull
An information _____ occurs when someone receives information without requesting it.
push
Professionals in conflict resolution training suggest four areas of skill development. Which of the following is one of them?
questioning
Which type of interdependence creates the highest potential for conflict?
reciprocal interdependence
_____ power is the degree to which a manager is likable or attractive to others.
referent
Ingrid doesn't like Vinnie because she finds his voice and mannerisms annoying. As a result, they are ineffective at working together. This is an example of _____ conflict.
relationship
Which type of conflict is, on the whole, the least likely to be healthy, constructive, or in any way beneficial?
relationship
_____ conflict is due to incompatibility or differences between individuals or groups.
relationship
Shawna and Elizabeth are executives at a for-profit university. After a good year, the university generates a large bonus pool. Shawna thinks that the bulk of the bonus pool should go to the teachers, whose hard work is most directly responsible for the great experiences of the university's students. Elizabeth thinks that the executives work harder than the teachers do and that most of the bonus pool should go to them. Shawna and Elizabeth's disagreement most clearly illustrates _____ conflict.
resource
_____ conflict arises over needs that are truly or seemingly incompatible.
resource
Roy manages an IT department whose staff is not big enough to fully service the corporation it works for. As a result, Roy wields a surprising amount of power within the organization: anyone who crosses him inevitably sees their computer problems move straight to the bottom of Roy's queue. The power of Roy's subunit illustrates the concept of:
resource scarcity.
Which of the following is NOT a form of personal power?
reward
Which of the following types of power relies on external motivation and obligatory compliance?
reward
Jory is convinced that Dara is a bad writer. When he reads an essay of Dara's that is actually quite good, Jory actively looks for minor flaws to nitpick and comes away with the impression that the essay is bad. Jory's interpretation of Dara's essay most clearly illustrates which barrier to communication?
selective perception
According to Project GLOBE, _____ leadership includes being self-centered, status conscious, conflict inducing, and face saving.
self-protective
Sarah, a manager at an accounting firm, gathers her subordinates at a meeting and states that half of them will be laid off. She explains that the layoffs are a cost-saving measure put into effect because the firm's new accounting software is dramatically more efficient than the old. Sarah does her best to convince her subordinates that the decision to lay off half the staff, while difficult and painful, is the best decision for the long-term profitability of the firm, and she explains what everybody's new roles will be after the change. According to the Hersey and Blanchard model of leadership, Sarah uses the _____ style in this instance.
selling
Shelby asks Sebastian to take out the trash. Sebastian says, "I'll do it right away," then goes back to watching a YouTube video. To Shelby, "right away" means "at this very instant," so she gets angry and accuses Sebastian of lying. Sebastian does not think he lied, because to him, "right away" meant "right after this video that I'm watching is over." The argument between Shelby and Sebastian most directly illustrates which type of noise in communication?
semantics
A team of teachers work together to create a video lesson for a math class. Hubert will make a video of himself teaching the lesson, but before he can do that, Nora needs to write the script and Celia needs to review the script and sign off on it. Mukesh is the team's video editor, but he has nothing to do until Hubert sends him a completed video. This scenario illustrates:
sequential interdependence
Which of the following resistors to organizational change may be driven by fear of ostracism?
social factors
Which of the following is the most radical and rapidly changing element of information processing and communication?
social networking
_____ is the process through which people become social beings.
socialization
Abram, an engineer at a shipyard, is promoted to a management position. His bosses give him only two subordinates at first, to test the waters of his management ability. After Abram proves himself, his bosses give him command of 15 employees. This change reflects an increase in Abram's:
span of control
Which of the following is NOT an effective conflict resolution behavior?
speaking separately to both parties
A thorough and complete understanding of the organization—its history, its culture, its strengths, and its weaknesses—and of the organization's environment is most crucial to which type of leadership?
strategic
_____ conflict can be horizontal or vertical and results from features of the organization.
structural
Conflicts of interest over _____ issues relate to time, money, and physical resources.
substantive
An organization with rigid procedures, an inflexible reward system, and explicit goals would most likely _____ leadership.
substitute and neutralize for
Bruno and Ewe work together as board game designers. Ewe thinks that their next game should have a farming theme, but Bruno is adamant that it be anything but. Their last three games all had a farming theme, and Bruno is desperate to move on to something else. This disagreement between Bruno and Ewe is most directly a form of _____ conflict.
task
Which of the following types of conflict is most beneficial in the early stages of a project?
task
_____ conflict is a disagreement about what is to be accomplished.
task
LPC theory assesses leaders according to which of the following characteristics?
task and relationship motivation
Which type of behavior would Fiedler most likely recommend to a leader in a situation with poor leader-member relations, low task structure, and high leader position power?
task-oriented behavior
Which of the following communication media allows the expression of emotions and other social cues to the greatest degree?
telephone
According to Hersey and Blanchard, which leadership style should be used when subordinates have a low degree of motivation, competence, experience, and interest in accepting responsibility?
telling
Alan sits in on one of Cherie's team meetings. Cherie's manager happens to be out that day. In the absence of a manager, Cherie steps forward and facilitates that meeting's discussion. The other team members follow her lead naturally, and the meeting is very productive. Observing this, Alan concludes that Cherie is a good leader. This scenario exemplifies _____ leadership.
the attribution perspective on
A flat hierarchy combined with a small managerial span of control is most appropriate for which type of production?
unit production
William thinks he's being treated unfairly by his manager, so he goes over his manager's head and talks to his manager's manager. This engages William in _____ communication.
upward
_____ communication occurs when lower-level employees communicate with those at higher levels in the same department.
upward
Which of the following is one of the four fundamental principles of integrative negotiation?
use objective fairness criteria
Which of the following tips would NOT help someone to make a good first impression at a job interview?
use only verbal communication to express yourself
Tannenbaum and Schmidt's continuum
uses the leadership behaviors identified in the Michigan studies as its extremes and inserts 5 intermediary levels of leadership.
Emotion plays the LEAST significant role in which type of conflict?
values
Manuel works as an office manager for a dentistry clinic. The dentists who own the clinic decide to stop accepting patients using government-subsidized health insurance because of the extra paperwork supporting those patients entails. Manuel is outraged because those patients tend to come from the poorer communities, and he believes that everyone should have a right to quality oral care. The fight that erupts between Manuel and the clinic's owners is most directly a result of _____ conflict.
values
_____ conflict is a disagreement about what is moral or ethical.
values
A teachers' union threatens to go on strike if a three-year-long freeze on raises to teachers' salaries is not lifted. This is an example of _____ conflict.
vertical structural
Other than face-to-face, which communication medium allows for the richest communication?
videoconferencing
If we say, "Gary JUST entered the restaurant," the meaning is different than if we say, "Gary just entered the RESTAURANT," even though both statements have the same words in the same order. This illustrates the importance of which of the following concepts?
vocal intonation
A(n) _____ is a live or prerecorded video segment played over a company's intranet and archived for employees to view later.
webcast
A _____ is a searchable, archivable website that allows people to comment on and edit one another's work in real time.
wiki
Regina and three of her friends begin collaboration on a fantasy novel. One of the friends lives in a different country. Regina would like something that lets her and her friends create documents and view, comment on, and edit each other's documents. If anyone messes something up or a formerly discarded idea turns out to be viable, Regina wants to be able to revert any document to a previous state at any time. Which of the following would best suit Regina's needs?
wiki
_____ refers to arguing vigorously for your own opinions and refusing to change your position regardless of what you will have to sacrifice.
winning at all costs
In a large pharmaceutical company, some employees work on the retail end, selling drugs to physical stores, while others work on selling drugs online. This is an example of grouping employees by:
work process
Which of the following is NOT a good suggestion for improving one's writing skills?
write to impress
