FINAL

In the United States people from all walks of life, races, religions, and ethnic groups participate in the legislative process. In view of this, which term best describes American society?

America is a pluralistic society.

During his career Anthony has worked as a juvenile police officer, corrections counselor in a state prison, and as the executive director of an urban redevelopment program. In view of this, which description best describes Anthony's career path?

Anthony has been an applied sociologist.

Peter finds that he always reacts differently to correction from his father than from his mother. What might a symbolic interactionist studying families make of this situation? a. Peter needs professional counseling. b. Peter plays different roles with his father and mother. c. Peter needs a sibling. d. Peter's lack of respect for his mother means he'll probably get divorced when he's older

B

The process by which we develop a sense of self referred to as the "looking glass self" was developed by ________.

Charles Horton Cooley

To which theory would the following research question belong: "How is the dominant group able to maintain its power?"

Conflict Theory

Peter Conrad noted that all homosexuals do not have the "gay gene" and that many men with the "gay gene" are happily married and devout heterosexuals. In view of this, which position is Conrad embracing?

Conrad is expressing the dominant sociological position on behavior acquisition.

What is the defining characteristic of a representative sample?

Each person in the population of interest has an equal chance of being chosen.

Although African Americans are disproportionately represented in the state prison population, the majority of prisoners are white.

False

Biologists and anthropologists generally agree on a five member classification system to universally distinguish one race from another.

False

Lower class parents encourage their children to be creative as they grow up while middle class parents focus on having their deferring to authority.

False

Prejudice is an action; discrimination is an attitude.

False

Sociologically an act cannot be classified as deviance if it does not cause physical or emotional harm to another individual.

False

The theory of differential association is one of the most popular psychological theories to explain deviance.

False

Mead describes the active, creative and spontaneous part of the self as the ________.

I

In American history who were the "white ethnics"?

Immigrants from Europe whose language and other customs differed from the original White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.

It is becoming more common for corporations to provide daycare facilities as a fringe benefit for their employees. What does evaluative research into the cost and benefit of these facilities reveal?

Operating on-site daycare reduces employee absenteeism, improves production, and increases staff morale.

Juanita is conducting survey research for the Colgate-Palmolive Company . The company recently sent several cases of personal sized toothpaste to Dr. Yankum as a part of a promotion. Juanita is surveying patients as they leave Dr. Yankum's office to ask if the dentist gave them any hygiene items to continue quality dental care. Juanita has discovered that practically every patient received Colgate and has concluded in her report to the company that dentists prefer Colgate toothpaste over all other brands. What flaw exists in Juanita's research?

She is using a biased sample to collect her data.

To which theory would the following research question belong: "How do people arrive at shared understandings?"

Symbolic Interactionism

The American sociologist who focused on social theory in the 1940s, developing detailed models of how society harmoniously works together was ________.

Talcott Parsons

One of the early concerns of IQ tests was that they tested the subjects' knowledge of the upper class white culture of the scientists who developed them and not the true educational potential of the person tested. In view of this, which assessment of the early IQ tests is most accurate?

The early IQ tests lacked validity.

The university's administration has increased class size without receiving input from the faculty or considering the need for some courses to have low enrollments. In view of this, what is the most probable reaction the professors will take to this latest administrative decision?

The faculty will feel they have lost ownership of their classes and are just "employees."

In 1996 the U.S. welfare system was restructured. Supporters of this reform maintain that the new system rescues people from poverty and reduces welfare costs. What is the primary evidence they point out to support this?

The number of people on welfare has significantly decreased

According to Kanter, organizations sometimes showcase women and minorities by placing them in highly visible positions to demonstrate how "progressive" they are. Regardless of the type of organization it is, what do these highly visible positions have in common?

They are jobs that usually have little power and a minimum amount of authority.

John and Doug are both full professors in a state university, holding doctorate degrees from Ivy League schools. Both make about the same salary and enjoy a similar sense of prestige in the community and on campus. Based only on this information, what do John and Doug have in common?

They are members of the same social class.

Jim and Jan are working class Americans making a combined income of $47,000. Today they won a $125 million lottery. How will this immediately impact their lives?

They will experience anomie.

While conducting research on domestic abuse, Tanya asked workers at a battered women's shelter, "What do you think causes some men to abuse their wives?" and then permitted them to elaborate on their answers. What is the term used to describe such a question with this type of answering option?

This is an example of an open-ended question.

"Alienation" refers to a worker's loss of ownership of the product of their labor.

True

A division of labor, written rules, and impersonality are some of the key features common to a bureaucracy.

True

A person who believes in freedom and equality but is also a sexist and racist is involved in a value contradiction.

True

According to the principles of symbolic interactionism, symbols not only allow relationships to exist, they also allow society to exist.

True

Because America is made up of many different groups it is classified as being a pluralistic society

True

Crime "in the suites" (white collar crime) actually costs the American taxpayer more in terms of dollars lost than "crime in the streets."

True

Culture becomes the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on around us.

True

For an independent variable to be the cause of an event, it must precede that which is changed (the dependent variable).

True

Human sexuality illustrates how a group's definitions of an act, and not the act itself, determines whether or not it is considered deviant.

True

In Mead's theory of development, the "Me" is the "object of action" or the "self as object."

True

Individual, rather than institutional discrimination is the reason that minority group members are less likely to be given a mortgage.

True

Interviewer bias may occur because of a researcher's sex, race, or perceived ethnicity.

True

Language allows culture to develop by freeing people to move beyond their immediate experiences.

True

Slavery as it was practiced in the pre-Civil War South and apartheid as practiced in South Africa are two examples of internal colonialism.

True

Some social statuses, including master status, are negative which makes the status symbol accompanying them also negative.

True

The best way for a researcher to establish positive rapport with his sample is to use unobtrusive measures.

True

Without language there can be no culture, no shared way of life.

True

Which of the following statements is the best example of a hypothesis?

Unemployed men are more likely to commit spousal abuse than employed men.

Emilie Durkheim described mechanical solidarity

a form of social cohesion that comes from sharing similar work education and religion as ight be found in simpler societies

Loving vs. Virginia

a landmark civil rights decision of the United States Supreme Court, which invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage.

As a third grader, Henry is reading stories about the American Revolution and how the early Americans were willing to fight to gain their freedom. According to conflict theorists, Henry is learning not only to read, but is also being taught lessons in patriotism and democracy. These lessons would be referred to by conflict theorists as ________.

a latent dysfunction of U.S. education

Although formal education is intended to transmit knowledge and skills, it unintentionally teaches students that the same rules apply to everyone. This universality reflects what sociologists describe as ________.

a latent function

John desires the best things in life...a fast car, designer clothes, and membership in exclusive clubs. But rather than work his way through the system, he has discovered he can have all these things by selling crack cocaine in the inner city. How would Merton classify John?

a rebel

Video games have begun to portray women, such as Lara Croft, the adventure-seeking archaeologist and Xena, Warrior Princess in changing gender roles. This change in roles may also serve as ________.

a way to motivate young women to play video games

Most American high schools routinely schedule ceremonies to recognize the most talented student athletes and scholars. Such activities illustrate the importance that Americans place on the value of ________.

achievement

what is the relationship if any between people who cohabitate and then get married and those people who wait to live together after they marry

cohabitate unmarried parties have a slightly higher divorce rate after married whos don't cohabitate until after marriage

maya feels that race relations in the us is poor because white ruling class has created laws and rules to keep other groups from achieving equality

conflict theory

Of the following research topics, which most qualifies as research on the micro level?

doctor-patient relationships

How people interpret their situation in life, how they view what they are doing and what is happening to them is referred to as their objective meaning of life.

false

Xenophobia

fear of foreigners

The trend in the United States where most poor families are headed by women is called ________.

feminization of poverty

The Smiths are going Christmas shopping for their two children, Dick and Jane. They plan to buy Dick a Tonka truck and Jane a Barbie doll. Their selection of toys for their children is an example of ________ by parents.

gender socialization

The massacre of Native Americans in the 1800s, the extermination of the Jews in Nazi Germany, and the slaughter of the Tutsis in Rwanda are all examples of ________.

genocide

Pedro, a legal immigrant from Mexico, and George, a white male whose family has been in America for several generations, have each applied for a car loan at the local bank. Pedro's loan was turned down while George's loan was given to him. In comparing their credit history, both men had good credit, and their debts and income were comparable. This is an example of ________ against Pedro.

institutional discrimination

What is the upward or downward movement in social class by family members from one generation to the next?

intergenerational mobility

Based on studies of isolated and institutionalized children, what is the key variable in acquiring the basic "human" traits we take for granted?

intimate early social interaction

which is one reason that sociologist cite to explain why men and women are delaying marriage until their mid to late twenties

many young people education and career than marriage on their list of priorities

Jewelry, art, hairstyles and clothing each represent examples of ________.

material culture

What is the realtionship between the plasma levels for impramine and the clinical effect - grapah shown

mean and women who are married experience less abuse than those that are cohabiting

If Alice came to class wearing a soiled and torn blouse she would be violating a ________; but if she came to class not wearing a blouse (or any other garment) she would be violating a ________.

more; law

Which sociological perspectives are best to use in developing an accurate understanding of society?

no single perspective is absolute, all three should be utilized

the social construct of race school of thought argues that race is

not biological identifiable

In both England and the United States, what percentage of the population is occupied by the elite upper class?

one percent

Of the following, which variable do sociologists emphasize the most as being the determining motivation for our thinking and behavior?

one's society and social location

When Maria married John, she moved to John's house which was adjacent to his parent's house. Her mother-in-law was always over giving Maria advice on everything from decorating to icing cakes. Maria lives in a: a. Matridistant residence b. Patridistant residence c. Matrilocal residence d. Patrilocal residence

patrilocal residence

The occupation with the highest prestige in the United States is ________.

physician

What is another name for multiculturalism?

pluralism

Dillons first-grade class is diverse. there are two students from Korea five students from south America two students from the united states. three students from England

pluralistic

When Bosnian Serbs practiced "ethnic cleansing" of the Muslim population during the 1990s they employed a combination of ________.

population transfer and genocide.

Discrimination

prejudiced action against a group of people

A group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association and cooperation is referred to as a ________.

primary group

Of the following groups, the one that plays the most significant role in the development of self is the ________.

primary group

What is a group of people with inherited physical characteristics that distinguishes it from another group?

race

What is the strongest variable in developing correlations to which social groups are in poverty?

race/ethnicity

what is an example of racial steering

real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in neighborhoods and non whites to other

Diana Scully and Joseph Marolla conducted structured interviews of convicted rapists in prison. They divided the interviews equally between themselves, utilizing the same questions and methods. The primary objective for dividing the group equally was to ________.

reduce the chance of interviewer bias

When a young man or young woman enters college, especially as a resident student, they must learn new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. This is an example of ________.

resocialization

The two disciplines that would be most concerned with addressing qualities within the individual to explain deviant behavior are ________ and ________.

sociobiology; psychology

The theory developed by Robert Merton is based on the idea that most people want to attain cultural goals, but not everyone has the legitimate means of achieving them is ________ theory.

strain

The concept of the "definition of the situation" is most central to the ____________ perspective.

symbolic interactionissm

The notion that language determines our consciousness is the basic premise of which concept?

the Sapir Whorf Hypothesis

Which industrialized nation has the highest rate of child poverty?

the United States

in which part of the family life cycle do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage

the birth of a first child

What is a group's formal and informal means of enforcing norms called?

the mainstreaming of deviance

Define segregation

the physical separation of two groups in residence, workplace, and social functions

What was the term C. Wright Mills used to refer to those who make the big decisions in American society?

the power elite

Assimilation

the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture

expulsion

the process of driving or forcing out

What are the two characteristics a people must share to qualify as a society?

the same culture and the same territory

What is one reason unemployment statistics are unreliable

the stats include only those who are currently looking for work

watching television shows can be a good way to understand and study families because

they teach us us how families on screen can represen00\p[ ' the values of the era in which they aired

which of the following is an example of structural unemployment

thoughts many companies are hiring in DC but unemployment is high in Tennessee

What quality did Max Weber stress as being the hallmark of social research?

total neutrality

conflict theorists marriage and families are fascinating because

within the families are social standing power struggles