Final Exam

When individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the prson, they are displaying

affectionate love

Parents who use the ___________ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules

authoritarian

Megan is a 17 year old girl who is interested in music. She wants to become a pop star and, therefore, has joined piano and vocal training classes. According to Marcia's theory on identity status, which of the following dimensions of identity is being focused by Megan?

commitment

Ethan is short and thin. Although he's not very strong or athletic, he excels in academics and has a great sense of humor. According to Adler, Ethan's attempts to overcome physical weaknesses by developing strengths in other areas are an example of

compensation

Most children successfully acquire conservation skills during the _______ stage of cognitive development

concrete operational

In the context of social influence, Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrates

conformity

June is usually very quiet, but she recently discovered a different side of herself. During Mardi Gras, she found herself swept up in the festivities, doing the things that the other party goers were doing. These were not behaviors that she would have ever considered engaging in on her own. Social psychologists would most likely attribute June's behavior to

deindividuation

Self report personality tests

directly ask people whether specific items describe their personality traits

______________ means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt

egoism

Andrew openly criticizes the Asian Americans in his neighborhood. He says that the presence of these "outsiders" has led to an increase in the crime rate in the United States. Others in his neighborhood do not agree with him. His openly shared racist attitude is an example of

explicit racism

You come to a conclusion that Carla is a naturally anxious woman. You ignore the fact that Carla is currently taking finals and working 40 hours per week. You are demonstrating the

fundamental attribution error

According to Abraham Maslow, which of the following traits is least likely to be associated with self actualizers?

intolerance

In adult development, when experience conflicts with existing schemas

it is recommended to alter current ways of thinking

According to Dan McAdams, our ________ are our identities

life stories

According to research on aggressive behavior, which of the following personality factors is mostly associated with aggression?

low levels of conscientiousness

According to Freud, the ego ______________

must balance the needs of the id, superego, and reality

_____________ is based on a person's desire to be liked by a group

normative social influence

In the context of human development, ____________ refers to the individual's environmental and social experiences

nurture

Your best friend Kelly is liberal and tolerant. Which trait is she likely high on?

openness

Which of the following conclusions was drawn from the Stanford prison experiment conducted by Zimbardo?

people are more likely to be evil when personal responsbility is removed

____________is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a group

prejudice

If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation, they are unable to

recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape

______________ refers to a person's ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times

resilience

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968. The researchers told grade school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers"--that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time. In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers. Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance--the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students. The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?

self fulfilling prophecy

Juanita returned home after being away for several years. When she saw her father, whom she thought she disliked, she hugged him and cried. Based on her crying when she saw him, she determined that she must like him more than sh thought. This is most consistent with the of attitudes

self perception theory

Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with neuroticism?

serotonin

The strange situation test is used to assess an infant's

style of attachment

A(n) ___ is any agent that causes a birth defect

teratogen