Final Exam- Art History 1

Where was medieval Persia's great royal center of learning and book production under the Abbasid dynasty? Baghdad Constantinople Grenada Jerusalem

Baghdad

What object depicts the story of William the Conqueror's invasion and conquest of England? Bishop Bernward's doors Bayeux Embroidery Worcester Chronicle westwork of Durham Cathedral

Bayeux Embroidery

What was the name of Charlemagne's kingdom? Ottonian Papal States Holy Roman Empire Burgundy

Holy Roman Empire

In the eleventh century, pilgrims traveled to what they considered to be the three holiest places in Christendom: Christ's tomb in Jerusalem, St. Peter's tomb in Rome, and the shrine of St. James in Alexandria, Egypt. Bethlehem, Palestine. Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Patmos, Greece.

Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Where were the two important centers of Italian Gothic painting located? Rome and Naples Venice and Ravenna Milan and Bologna Siena and Florence

Siena and Florence

Hedwig Glass Beaker

The Hedwig Glass Beaker is thought to be crafted by an Islamic craftsman in Syria around 12thcentury AD and is decorated with Christian nature symbols including a lion, griffin, eagle, and a tree. After softening the glass with heat and then pressing down a mold to create the form, it was passed on to a Syrian artisan that carved into it. The brownish tinted beaker is stylized with floral devices and vertical cuts forming precise details for the animal's features. This relic is named after Duchess of Silesia from Poland, who later became a saint and was remembered for her gift of miracles. These beakers were present during the medieval times of trade, war, and faith.

Which of the following is a term for a book that was "written by hand"? scroll codex folio manuscript

manuscript

What is name for the recess, or niche, in the mosque wall closest to Mecca? mihrab iwan qibla madrasa

mihrab

What is the name for a tower from which the call to prayer is made? mihrab iwan minaret qibla

minaret

The raised platform from which the imam speaks is a minaret. madrasa. minbar. mihrab.

minbar.

The small squares of glass called tesserae are used to create a: mosaic. folio. illumination. icon.

mosaic

What is a place of worship where Muslims gather on Fridays? madrasa qibla iwan mosque

mosque

What current political structure exists in the Islamic world after the dissolution of the great Islamic empires? monarchy caliphate nation-state dictatorship

nation-state

The Etruscan sculpture Apulu (Apollo) was originally located: in a temple cella. on the processional path to a temple. on a temple roof. in a tomb.

on a temple roof.

English needlework was well known outside England by the name mozarabic. opus anglicanum. punchwork. Hiberno-Saxon style.

opus anglicanum.

In Turkey, which dynasty brought the Byzantine Empire to an end in 1453? Mughal Umayyad Ottoman Saljuq

ottoman

In 509 BCE, the Romans: overthrew the Etruscans and set up a republic. overthrew the Etruscans and set up a republic. began a reign by Etruscan dictators. conquered Greece and adopted Greek customs. became an empire with an emperor.

overthrew the Etruscans and set up a republic.

In Byzantine architecture, which is the triangular system used to support the base of a dome? squinches pendentives a colonnade a drum

pendentives

Two areas in a Roman house that are open to the sky and might have a shallow pool are the insula and villa. gymnasium and caldarium. peristyle garden and atrium. solarium and tepidarium.

peristyle garden and atrium.

At Hagia Sophia the entire roof structure rests on four massive columns called conches. exedrae. piers. galleries

piers.

Which of the following was an innovation in Gothic architecture adapted from Islamic architecture? round arches groin vaults pointed arches stained glass windows

pointed arches

Where did Christians meet to worship before the religion was officially recognized? churches private houses synagogues forums

private houses

Which is a container for holy objects? Bailey reliquary colophon scriptorium

reliquary

What purpose does the apse serve in a basilica? an upper level of windows, providing natural light rounded extensions at each end used for judges or statuary the central aisle for civic procedures the front entrance

rounded extensions at each end used for judges or statuary

The title "Augustus" means important. sacred. untouchable. immortal.

sacred.

Which is the room in a monastery that is used for writing or copying manuscripts? scriptorium refectory sanctuary library

scriptorium

In manuscripts during the Gothic age, illuminators used columns of medallions and colors, both of which were derived from stained-glass windows. cloisonné metalwork. portal sculpture. Italian frescos.

stained-glass windows.

Which is a wood-frame church distinctive to early medieval Scandinavia? stave church basilica hall church cottage church

stave

In the Dream of Henry I from the Worcester Chronicle, his English subjects demand: a new queen. tax relief. defeat of the French. that he go on crusade.

tax relief

The threat of conquest from which culture may have led to the adoption of their practice of iconoclasm in Byzantium? Rome. Vandals. Islam. Greece.

Islam

"Submission" is the literal meaning of the word Islam. Muslim. Koran. Mosque.

Islam.

The hypostyle hall was favored in early mosques because: It could be easily expanded. It accommodated the need for processions. The layout faced Mecca. It was simple to build.

It could be easily expanded.

Which two new religious orders arose to serve the urban populations in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries? the Augustinians and the Benedictines the Cluniacs and the Cistercians the Franciscans and the Dominicans the Jesuits and the Trappists

the Franciscans and the Dominicans

Which of the following is a name for the first four books of the Christian New Testament? the Gospels the Torah the Psalms the Qur'an

the Gospels

Ambrogio Lorenzetti painted his work, Allegory of Good Government in the City, on a wall in the Siena cathedral. the Duke's palace. the Siena town hall. the Vatican.

the Siena town hall.

By the end of the Romanesque period, the cult of which important Christian figure became prominant? the Holy Spirit St. Peter the Virgin Mary the Pope

the Virgin Mary

In a rare self-portrait of a medieval artist, Guda is unusual because the artist is a woman. the image of a person is intertwined with a letter. the human body is depicted flat and linear. the artist is placed in a religious context.

the artist is a woman.

What was the purpose of a pilgrimage? to visit the relics of a saint or holy person. to see more of Europe. to visit the location of important religious events. for trade.

to visit the relics of a saint or holy person.

Which of the following is the very large round window above the entrance to a Gothic church? tracery pointed arch towers buttresses

tracery

Which was the specialized art form developed by the Ottomans to symbolize the authority of the sultan on official seals, coins, buildings, and documents? arabesques tugras muqarnas madrasas

tugras

The half-circle above a cathedral's western entrance that typically depicts Christ in Majesty or the Last Judgment is called: tympanum apse crossing jamb

tympanum

In church architecture, which is the monumental entrance that features sculptural decoration? transept tribune westwork gallery

westwork

Which of the following was typical of English cathedrals? exceptionally tall, thin walls and piers wide projecting transepts a narrow nave large rose windows

wide projecting transepts

Where did the pope and his court move in 1309? Rome Constantinople Avignon Athens

Avignon

Which is the first great Islamic building? Great Mosque, Kairouan Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem Great Mosque, Cordoba Great Mosque, Isfahan

Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem

This Christian ceremony replicates the "Last Supper," when Jesus ate bread (calling it his body) and drank wine (calling it his blood). Annunciation. Eucharist. Visitation. Incarnation.

Eucharist.

Which Italian Renaissance figure introduced the term Gothic? Michelangelo Buonarroti Giorgio Vasari Petrarch Dante

Giorgio Vasari

To whom did Giorgio Vasari give the credit for "[having] revived the modern and excellent art of painting, introducing good drawing from live natural models, something that had not been done for more than two hundred years"? Giotto di Bondone Cimabue Duccio di Buoninsegna Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Giotto di Bondone

The Ara Pacis Augustae or Altar of Augustan Peace brings together what two cultural and stylistic traditions? Etruscan vitality and Egyptian composite pose Etruscan stylized folds and Roman realism Greek idealism and Roman realism Babylonian geometric patterns and Greek idealism

Greek idealism and Roman realism

Which building particularly inspired Ottoman architects like Sinan to build central plan mosques? The Alhambra, Granada The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem The Great Mosque, Cordoba Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

Haiga Sophia

Hinton St Mary Mosaic

The Hinton St Mary Mosaic (made fourth century AD), found in a Roman villa in Dorset, England, is assembled of red, black, and yellowish stones set into cement. These local Dorset tesserae depicted Christ with piercing eyes, rounded head, and his garments falling vertically, which are common characteristics seen in pagan and early Christian art. The viewer can be certain that the figure in the center of the mosaic is Christ because of the Chi Rho (monogram) around his head like a halo. Emperor Constantine's conversion to the Christian faith influenced this mosaic because both pagan mythology and Christian beliefs are seen through out this floor mosaic. To think that this is one of the first physical depictions of Christ is intriguing because it shows a lot about what the people living during that time imagined him visually look like.

What is the striking difference between depictions of the Greek procession on the Parthenon and the Roman procession on the Ara Pacis? The Greek one only depicts gods. The Roman one is longer. The Greek figures are all nude. The Roman one shows recognizable individuals.

The Roman one shows recognizable individuals.

Instead of an altar, what is the focus of worship in a synagogue like the Altneuschul in Prague? An ambulatory for processing. The menorah. The bimah, or reader's lecturn. Elaborate stained glass windows.

The bimah, or reader's lecturn.

As seen at Saint-Lazare, Autun, how is a Last Judgment scene typically laid out? The damned are not depicted. The damned are on the viewer's left. The damned are on Christ's left. The damned are beneath Christ's feet.

The damned are on Christ's left.

Which feature characterized a "hall church"? It had a dome over the crossing. The vaults of the side aisles and nave were the same height. The arcade, triforium, and clerestory were clearly separated. The nave roof was open-beam, not vaulted.

The vaults of the side aisles and nave were the same height.

What is the significance of the lion and the ox at the entrance end in the Beth Alpha Synagogue mosaic floor? They represent the emperor Justin I. They represent Abraham's sacrifice. They represent a peaceful kingdom. They represent the power of God.

They represent a peaceful kingdom.

Which of the following is the Jewish book that contains the first five books of the Hebrew Bible? Talmud Torah Koran Bible

Torah

What is the subject matter of Column of Trajan? Rome's victory of Jerusalem a dedication to the Roman gods Mars and Venus a decorative signpost for Trajan's market Trajan's successful campaign against the Dacians

Trajan's successful campaign against the Dacians

During the eleventh century, Byzantium gave special trade status to this maritime city, which allowed it to control much of the commerce between the Eastern Empire and Western Europe. Rome Kiev Venice Milan

Venice

The oculus of the Pantheon is: the original dedication of the Pantheon. a central circular opening at the top of the dome. the sunken panels of the interior. the round supportive structure under the dome.

a central circular opening at the top of the dome.

A high-ranking angel closely associated with God is a madrasa. a transept. an icon. a cherub.

a cherub

What did the architects at Durham Cathedral develop that became an important element of Gothic architecture? the clerestory a crisscrossing rib vault and bay system the bailey the three story nave

a crisscrossing rib vault and bay system

A cistae is: an image that is prominent within Etruscan art, referencing the Argonauts. a cylindrical container used by wealthy Etruscan women to carry personal items. a figural group of Dionysus between two satyrs seen in sculpture and later mosaic. an oven used for firing and curing terra cotta sculpture.

a cylindrical container used by wealthy Etruscan women to carry personal items.

Two equal intersecting barrel vaults form a buttress. a spandrel. a groin vault. a corbeled vault.

a groin vault.

A seven-branched Jewish candleholder is called a menorah. a mandorla. a codex. an exedra.

a menorah.

Which is the central space of a longitudinal church where the congregation can worship? a nave an apse a transept a narthex

a nave

Women could attain significant political power if they were appointed to what position in the church? abbess nun clergy monk

abbess

A structure that transports flowing water is called: an aqueduct. a bay. a pier. a voussoir.

an aqueduct.

A column-like element that is attached instead of free-standing is called: a buttress. a peristyle. an engaged column. a drum.

an engaged column.

What is parchment made of? animal skin papyrus tree bark cloth

animal skin

What is the act of a human being elevated to divine status? crenellation apotheosis augury dharma

apotheosis

The focal point of an Early Christian basilica is the semi-circular end containing the altar called the apse. clerestory. nave. narthex.

apse

Which of the following is a linear design based on geometric patterns and scrolling vines? kufic script tugras arabesque mandorla

arabesque

In 313 CE, Constantin: destroyed Jerusalem. was assassinated. moved the capital to Byzantium. legalized Christianity and all religion.

legalized Christianity and all religion

Which is the most highly valued form of art in the Islamic world? sculpture weaving calligraphy painting

calligraphy

A dual-colored gemstone carved in low relief is known as a: pilaster. dado. spandrel. cameo.

cameo.

Which Islamic art form was most well known and accepted best in Europe? tugras carpets ceramics silks

carpets

Where did Christians, Jews, and ordinary Romans bury their dead? private home catacomb roadside monument temple

catacomb

Pilgrimage churches began to add circular structures behind the apse for what purpose? chapels for relics. confessionals. seating for clergy during services. baptisteries.

chapels for relics

What device is used inside the dome of the Pantheon to lighten its weight? coffers columns groin vaults pilasters

coffers

Which is the place where the nave and the transept intersect in a cruciform plan? bailey buttress crossing tympanum

crossing

What was the important contributing tradition that resulted in Roman veristic portraiture? fame of the Roman people celebrity status of the gladiators death masks of deceased relatives honor given to the Roman senators

death masks of deceased relatives

Medieval Italian painters most often worked in tempera paint, which was made by mixing powdered pigments with water, a touch of glue, and beeswax. gum arabic. linseed oil. egg yolk.

egg yolk

In Cairo, mosques were primarily illuminated with candles. glass lamps. metallic lamps. electric light bulbs.

glass lamps

Which of the following is the name for a new type of church that developed in the thirteenth century in Germanic lands to accommodate large crowds gathering to hear sermons? a central-plan church a basilican church a hall church a pilgrimage church

hall church

When discussing temple architecture, the Romans differed from the Greeks b: the use of open peristyle columns on all sides. having only a frontal porch to enter the temple. using roof statues like the early Etruscan temples. approaching the temple by stairs to a raised platform on which the temple is built.

having only a frontal porch to enter the temple.

A column capital that depicts a narrative scene is called? historiated sculpted buttressed spandrel

historiated

Which of the following is a distinctive type of support used at the Great Mosque in Cordoba? post and lintel horseshoe arch historiated capitals pointed arch

horseshoe arch

Which of the following is an image of a holy person used to guide prayers? mandorla icon cherub cloison

icon

Royal palaces and luxury goods for personal use or export were exempt from what religious tenet? iconoclasm arabesque The Five Pillars of Islam hajj

iconoclasm

What is the term for the banning or destruction of religious images? iconoclasm orthodoxy secularism humanism

iconoclasm

Which of the following is a characteristic of the style of the Sutton Hoo burial brooch? asymmetrical designs realistic human forms interlaced patterns careful observation of nature

interlaced patterns

St. Peter's in Rome became the Pope's church because: it was believed to be where Peter was imprisoned . it was believed to be where Peter was buried. it was the location where the first pope was ordained. it was the location of the first place that Christians worshipped in Rome.

it was believed to be where Peter was buried.

The hot and arid climate of the eastern Islamic world made what open-air structure popular for mosques? sculpture domes iwan pointed arch

iwan

In architecture, what are the vertical sculptural elements on both sides of a doorway called? mullions archivolts jambs compound piers

jambs

What was the name for the angular Islamic script that developed first? tugra iwan muqarnas kufic

kufic

Which innovation was made possible by combining structural devices in Gothic churches? sculptural decoration flying buttresses a continuous ambulatory large stained glass windows

large stained glass windows