final exam history

19. The "miracle of production" was made possible by A) The mass manufacture of consumer products to finance the war. B) A coordinated effort between big government and corporations. C) The coordinated efforts of African American men and women in the manufacture of war-related goods. D) All of the above.

A coordinated effort between big government and corporations.

42. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was A) A mutual defense treaty made up of European and North American nations pledged to protect one another in case of an attack by the Soviet Union. B) A military trade agreement designed to help European member nations recover economically. C) A buy-American trade agreement. D) A military alliance designed to coordinate an attack on the Soviet Union.

A mutual defense treaty made up of European and North American nations pledged to protect one another in case of an attack by the Soviet Union.

32. In February 1945, the Americans, British, and Soviets agreed to all of the following except A) The division and ultimate reunification of Germany. B) Self-determination for nations. C) Collective action through the United Nations to handle international problems. D) A permanent Soviet occupation of Poland.

A permanent Soviet occupation of Poland.

28. When Harry Truman, FDR's vice president, became president on Roosevelt's death, he had to be told A) About the nation's Manhattan Project. B) That he was now the president and have the job explained to him. C) That the Germans had surrendered. D) All of the above.

About the nation's Manhattan Project.

1. In the late 1930s many Americans blamed the beginning of World War II on which of the following? A) Failure of the Treaty of Versailles. B) Desperation caused by global economic collapse. C) Nations that used military force to solve their problems. D) All of the above.

All of the above

15. The battles of Midway and Coral Sea resulted in A) Proof that the American fighting forces were not going to be easy targets. B) Giving the United States time to concentrate on building an army and winning the war in Europe. C) Putting the Japanese forces on the defensive. D) All of the above.

All of the above.

40. Why, according to George Kennan, did the United States have to embrace a policy of containment? A) Communism was inherently contagious. B) European cultures were incapable of fending off Russian values. C) The Soviet state entertained expansive tendencies. D) The Soviet Union practiced the same ideology as Nazi Germany.

Communism was inherently contagious.

9. The election of 1940 resulted in A) FDR's victory by a 5-million-vote margin. B) FDR's election to a third term as president. C) The candidates not making foreign and defense policy part of their campaign. D) All of the above.

FDR's victory by a 5-million-vote margin.

3. In 1940, A) Most Americans supported an active role in the war for the United States. B) Most Americans were urging Congress to declare war on Germany. C) Americans were convinced that they had to strike Japan first. D) Feared involvement and even support for antifascist belligerents.

Feared involvement and even support for antifascist belligerents.

36. What became known as the "containment policy" was inspired by A) Winston S. Churchill. B) Harry S. Truman. C) George F. Kennan. D) George C. Marshall.

George F. Kennan

8. What weakened the position of isolationists in 1940? A) The attack on Pearl Harbor. B) Germany's invasion of Poland. C) German bombings of England. D) The fall of Stalingrad.

German bombings of England.

39. The Truman Doctrine was designed to prevent a Communist takeover in A) Greece and Turkey. B) Italy and France. C) Iran and Afghanistan. D) East Berlin and Poland.

Greece and Turkey.

25. Even before the war was over, American military planners A) Stressed reconversion to prewar levels. B) Had already made plans for a global system of military bases. C) Recognized that the infantry was no longer a viable option for modern warfare. D) Stressed the need to develop space rockets and missiles to protect the United States.

Had already made plans for a global system of military bases.

16. The first use of carrier battle groups was in contests between the United States and Japan A) In the Coral Sea. B) Near Soho off the coast of New Zealand. C) Off the coast of India. D) In Tokyo Bay.

In the Coral Sea.

30. Five days following the bombing of Nagasaki, A) Harry Truman was sworn in as president of the United States. B) Japanese Emperor Hirohito announced Japan's unconditional surrender. C) The United States dropped a third bomb on Kyoto. D) All of the above.

Japanese Emperor Hirohito announced Japan's unconditional surrender.

46. Why were Americans startled by the news that U.S. troops would be fighting in Korea? A) No one could have imagined the United States being at war again. B) Americans thought this was a region covered by Australian forces. C) Korea had been a peaceful and prosperous ally to the United States for decades. D) Korea was not considered strategically important until 1950

Korea was not considered strategically important until 1950

5. The Nuremberg Laws resulted in all of the following except A) Laws passed by the Congress to prevent the United States from going to war against Germany. B) German Jews being stripped of citizenship and their civil rights. C) The outlawing of marriages between Jews and members of the "Aryan race." D) Many legal and moral acts of violence against German Jews.

Laws passed by the Congress to prevent the United States from going to war against Germany

18. The Manhattan Project A) Produced the atomic bomb. B) Financed the production of American war materials. C) Financed and manufactured the B-29 Super fortress. D) Financed the production of the atomic bomb.

Produced the atomic bomb

14. Whereas Admiral Nimitz wanted to seize islands in the Central Pacific for an air and land assault on Japan, General MacArthur favored A) Landing troops in China. B) Retaking the Philippines from the Solomon Islands and New Guinea. C) Securing territory in Indochina and India. D) Rolling back Japanese control from Manchuria.

Retaking the Philippines from the Solomon Islands and New Guinea.

21. All of the following refer to the German death camps in World War II except: (i.e. which one is FALSE). A) The Germans used a high-powered gas, Zyklon-B, to exterminate millions of Jews. B) General Patton liberated the Buchenwald camp in Germany. C) Roosevelt ordered the bombing of the notorious death camp at Auschwitz. D) The United States did not make humanitarian rescue a military priority during the war.

Roosevelt ordered the bombing of the notorious death camp at Auschwitz.

11. Prior to the entry of the United States into the World War, President Roosevelt allowed all of the following except A) The sale of "surplus" weapons and military supplies to Great Britain. B) Trading 50 overage destroyers for leases to eight naval bases. C) Strict enforcement of the Neutrality Acts. D) The first peacetime draft in American history.

Strict enforcement of the Neutrality Acts.

45. The Cold War became global because A) America exported goods and democracy. B) Strife in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America was seen as a part of the conflict between the United States and USSR. C) If the American economy was going to recover from the Great Depression, the Soviets had to be defeated. D) No statement is accurate.

Strife in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America was seen as a part of the conflict between the United States and USSR.

43. As a result of the global Cold War A) The United States paid less and less attention to the rest of the world. B) The United States neglected Europe in favor of the Soviet Union. C) Territories of formerly little strategic interest became vital to security. D) Africa enjoyed a new era of prosperity and peace.

Territories of formerly little strategic interest became vital to security.

17. Prior to the Nazi invasion of France, how did the U.S. army compare in size with the Germany army? A) The U.S. army was nearly the same size as the German army at that stage in the World War. B) The U.S. army was much smaller than the German army. C) The U.S. army was already greater in size than the Germany army. D) The U.S. army consisted of 1 million more men than the German army in mid-1940.

The U.S. army was much smaller than the German army.

13. In the months leading up to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, A) The United States cut off oil exports to Japan. B) Germany withdrew its troops from the Soviet Union. C) Congress did not express American opposition to territorial change by conquest. D) Congress emphasized the defeat of imperial Japan as the first priority.

The United States cut off oil exports to Japan.

38. Which of the following best summarizes the official meaning of the Truman Doctrine? A) The United States must support free peoples in their struggle against subjugation. B) The United States must fight Communism wherever it occurs. C) The United States must fight religious radicalism in the Middle East. D) The United States must reunify Berlin.

The United States must support free peoples in their struggle against subjugation.

20. The United States responded to reports of the Holocaust in all of the following ways except which of the following? A) Many Americans dismissed reports of the Holocaust as someone else's business. B) The U.S. State Department erected paper barriers to keep unwanted immigrants out of the United States. C) The United States relaxed immigration quotas to admit all Jewish refugees from Europe. D) The United States refused to allow ships with refugees from the extermination camps to dock in the United States

The United States relaxed immigration quotas to admit all Jewish refugees from Europe.

31. Which of the following is a source of the conflict between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)? A) The fact that the State Department recognized the Soviet Union in 1933. B) The belief that capitalism and Communism cannot coexist. C) Josef Stalin's betrayal of the United States at the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. D) President Roosevelt's mistrust of Josef Stalin at the Japanese surrender in September 1945.

The belief that capitalism and Communism cannot coexist.

41. Which of the following was a result of the Marshall Plan? A) By 1950, participating countries exceeded prewar production levels. B) The investments of the Marshall Plan funded the complete rebuilding of Germany by 1960. C) Marshall Plan funds restored full employment in the Soviet Union. D) Marshall Plan funds rebuild the German military to prewar capabilities by 1951.

The investments of the Marshall Plan funded the complete rebuilding of Germany by 1960.

22. The turning point in the war for the Allies was A) D-Day. B) The North Africa campaign. C) The surrender of Italy. D) The surrender of France.

The surrender of France.

37. About the Soviet Union, George Kennan wrote that A) There can be no peaceful coexistence between capitalism and socialism. B) President Truman needed to bluff the Soviets into believing the United States would launch a nuclear strike. C) Stalin's military was so weak following the war that it did not pose any threat to the United States. D) The United States needed to build hydrogen weapons

There can be no peaceful coexistence between capitalism and socialism.

2. Which of the following best describes the position of internationalists in 1939? A) They saw free trade as a solution to international conflict. B) They wanted more immigrants in the United States to stimulate the economy. C) They saw in war the opportunity to invest overseas. D) They hoped to bring socialist ideas into the United States.

They saw free trade as a solution to international conflict.

12. Why did Japan pursue a "go south" strategy in 1939? A) To encircle China. B) To avoid Chinese armies. C) To antagonize the United States. D) To secure crucial cotton supplies.

To encircle China.

29. President Harry S. Truman ordered the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki A) To test how useful these new weapons would be in Europe. B) As a first step in a plan to annihilate the Japanese people. C) To avenge Pearl Harbor and the Bataan Death March. D) To persuade Japan to surrender.

To persuade Japan to surrender.

33. How did the U.S. development of the nuclear bomb affect U.S.-Soviet relations? A) Since the two nations were already at war, it made little difference. B) The bomb turned a trusted and amicable relationship into a tense situation. C) U.S. refusal to heed Soviet warnings not to detonate the bomb caused severe friction. D) U.S. secrecy about the development of the bomb further strained U.S.-Soviet relations

U.S. secrecy about the development of the bomb further strained U.S.-Soviet relations

35. The Iron Curtain A) Was built by the Soviets across the border between East Germany and Poland. B) Was the first of many physical barriers built across Eastern Europe to protect the Soviet world. C) Was a metaphorical division between the nations supportive of the Soviet Union and those that supported the West. D) All of the above.

Was a metaphorical division between the nations supportive of the Soviet Union and those that supported the West.

24. In the Pacific, the American strategy was designed to A) Lure Japanese troops farther away from Japan to make supply difficult. B) Get close enough to the Japanese islands to force Japan to surrender. C) Wear out Japanese troops by attacking one island after another. D) Recapture the Philippines, where the Japanese government was entrenched.

Wear out Japanese troops by attacking one island after another.

48. The correct chronological order of the following events is A. Korean War, World War 2, Vietnam War, Cuban missile crisis. B. Vietnam War, Korean War, WW2, Cuban missile crisis. C. World War 2, Vietnam War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Korean War. D. World War 2, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War.

World War 2, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War.

26. Bretton Woods was a multinational meeting of economists and diplomats to discuss the A) Staggering economic problems that would face the postwar world. B) Plans for preventing another economic collapse like the Great Depression. C) Creation of an International Monetary Fund. D) All of the above.

all of the above

27. Critics of the Bretton Woods agreements said that A) Local interests prevailed over international interests. B) It gave nations almost unlimited domestic freedom at the expense of international conformity and stability. C) The plans gave national governments too much leeway. D) All of the above.

all of the above

34. By the spring of 1946, Truman's administration favored A) A global economy based on free trade. B) The construction of military bases around the world to keep aggressors from harming the United States. C) The swift reconstruction of postwar Germany and Japan. D) All of the above.

all of the above

4. Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime was built on A) Racism and brutality. B) A suspension of civil rights. C) A secret police designed to eliminate opposition. D) All of the above.

all of the above

44. When the Soviets blockaded Berlin and refused to allow food and supplies to be transported from the West into the city, President Truman responded with A) What is now known as the Berlin Airlift. B) Flights of cargo planes carrying food and supplies into Berlin. C) The relocation of two squadrons of B-29 bombers to England; these were the same kinds of planes used to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. D) All of the above.

all of the above

6. Which of the following is true of Kristallnacht? A) It was "the night of broken glass," on which the German government destroyed Jewish shop windows. B) President Roosevelt came to conclude that international opinion would not deter Hitler. C) Throughout Germany Jewish synagogues, shops, homes, and hospitals were destroyed. D) All of the above.

all of the above

10. Which of the following statements refers to the Lend-Lease Act? A) It was passed by Congress over Roosevelt's veto. B) It was an abandonment of the Neutrality Acts. c. It provided massive military aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union.. D) It restricted the British to trading with the United States alone.

c. It provided massive military aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union.

50. The Vietnam War saw much popular support in the U.S. A. True B. False

false

23. D-Day, the Allied invasion of France, was A) January 1, 1954. B) June 6, 1944. C) July 20, 1934. D) May 8, 1965.

june 6, 1944

47. The Cuban missile crisis ended after President John Kennedy agreed to A. remove American missiles from West Germany. B. restore diplomatic ties with Cuba. C. not invade Cuba. D. withdraw American troops from West Berlin.

not invade Cuba.

7. The Axis Powers included all of the following except A) Japan. B) Russia. C) Germany. D) Italy.

russia

49. The primary purpose of U.S. involvement in Vietnam was to stop the spread of communism into South Vietnam. A. True B. False

true