Final exam management questions

___ proposes that whether a leader who possesses certain traits or performs certain behaviors is effective depends on the situation or context

contingency model

the process by which managers monitor and regulate the efficiency and effectiveness of the workers in an organization is called

controlling

The supervisor observed him while he tried it again and gave him suggestions for improvement. This is which step in the control process

corrective action step

___ is the tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to the situation the person is in

fundamental attribution bias

Rayford is head of a task force consisting of his peers from other departments in the organization. Rayford has

high task structure

Enabling coordination, problem solving among units, and providing emotional support to employees are all important functions of ________ communication.

horizontal communication

Jeremy shares information with his fellow task-force members about their project. Jeremy is communicating

horizontally

According to Festinger, how people deal with cognitive dissonance depends on three factors. Which are the correct three factors?

importance, control, and rewards

the goal of job characteristic model is to

increase intrinsic motivation

the goal of the job characteristics model is to

increase intrinsic motivation in jobs by designing jobs that possess the five core job characterisitics

Matt is frequently nervous, tense, and worried, both at work and at home. He likely scores low on which of the Big Five personality dimensions?

Emotional stability

Path-goal theory is concerned with:

How leaders influence subordinates' perceptions of their work and how their goals might be attained.

Complex, challenging, and autonomous jobs tend to enhance people's perceptions of their A. self-efficacy. B. increased anxiety. C. tolerance for pain. D. learned helplessness. E. self-esteem.

A. self-efficacy

The statement, "I am never going to eat at this restaurant again," reflects the ___________ component of an attitude.

Behavioral

___control is an approach to organizational control that is characterized by informal and organic structural arrangement

Decentralized control

After struggling with the accounting training, Peter is unsure whether he can complete the end-of-year financial reporting with no errors in the time allotted. In this case, Peter is low on the ______ element of expectancy theory.

Expectancy

What can hurt the performance of an organization

Focusing on one standard instead of a hundred different standards

Even when he started his first job, Galen was not content to be just one of the employees. His boss noticed that he often coached his coworkers about ways to improve their work, even when it wasn't his job. Galen probably has:

High need for power

Last year, Diana's boss promised her a big bonus if she met her goals. At the end of the year, after Diana had exceeded her goals, she found her bonus was very small. In the future, Diana's _____ will probably be ____.

Instrumentality, low

Jim is the daytime supervisor for an automobile assembly line. He supervises 45 people who perform relatively routine jobs that require minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Jim is following the transactional model of leadership

Jim sets goals, monitors progress towards goal achievement, and rewards and punishes people for their level of goal accomplishment

Tension was apparent as the management team discussed changes to promotion requirements. But then Chris made a joke about Jake's white-knuckled grip on his pen, and the laughter seemed to lighten the mood. Chris was acting in a ______ role.

Maintenance

According to the expectancy theory, which of the following is true of instrumentality

Managers promote high levels of instrumentality when they link performance to desired outcomes

according to Fiedler's contingency model,___ situation control favors a leader who is___ oriented

Moderate situation control works best in the relationship-style orientation

william leads a task force charged with restructuring the order-processes system in the organization. The task force is composed of her peers over whom she has little control, and some of whom do not seem to respect her. According to the contingency model, Wilma should adopt a ___ leadership style

Task-oriented. When situational control is very low

Which question do individuals ask during the norming stage of group development

What do the others expect me to do

The members of a cross-functional team have an informal agreement that whenever a team member goes out of town, that team member must leave a phone number where they can be reached. This arrangement is known as:

a group norm

Joseph Juran defined quality as "fitness for use," which means that

a product or service should satisfy a customer's real needs

James leads a training and development team. H expects excellence, sets challenging goals, and expresses confidence that each of them is capable of doing their part to meet and exceed the goals. According to revised path-goal theory, James is using a ___ leadership style

achievement-oriented

Eileen manages employees at Maui Tours and Lodging. She has noticed that one of her employees submits via the computer system the same suggestions for continuous improvement multiple times, knowing that performance is evaluated on the number of suggestions only. This problem is typical of ______ control. A. clan B. market C. decentralized D. bureaucratic E. functional

bureaucratic- ends versus means

Communicating using personal written forms of communication such as email

can increase the time needed to reach an understanding

Kelly, a manager at a restaurant, has the responsibility of scheduling workers and assigning projects during each shift. Employees who have performed poorly are often scheduled for the unpopular weekend shifts and the worst shift duties. In order to avoid this, most employees try to perform well. In this case, Kelly seems to use a high degree of _____ power.

coercive power- has control over punishments in which people comply to avoid the punishments

the statement "drew is slow to return calls" reflects the ___ component of attitude

cognitive component cognitive component- consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation

Which of the following cannot be measured easily

creativity of a researcher

Which of the following is a mechanism that contributes to a measurement-managed company's success

developing focus and alignment between individual, unit, and strategic performance

A high level of _____ may help leaders develop a vision for their organizations, motivate their subordinates to commit to this vision, and energize them to enthusiastically work to achieve this vision.

emotional intelligence

What are ways to reduce misperceptions in communication

ensure the receivers attend to the message they are sending, considering the other party's frame of reference, taking concrete steps to minimize perceptual errors, sending consistent messages, and saying not only what you mean but also what you don't mean.

Lotina apologized to a subordinate for an e-mail that upset him. She said she had chosen an unfortunate way of stating her idea, and that she'd be happy to discuss it further. Lotina is

expressing personal consideration

managerial leadership is defined as the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and the process of

facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives

Which of the following situational approaches to leadership postulates that effectiveness depends on the personal style of the leader and the degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence over the situation

fiedler's contingency model

What is true of the house path-goal theory

it suggests that subordinates need to be motivated depending on their nature and that of their work

which of the following is a symptom of an out-of-control company

lack of periodic reviews

According to Herzberg's theory, the first thing managers of employees who dislike their jobs should do is to:

make sure pay levels, policies, and working conditions are reasonable

a transactional leader is most similar in focus to a

manager

Using a more autocratic style is a representation of which gender

men

Employee behaviors that exceed the work-role requirements for the job are known as

organizational citizenship behaviors

According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, what outcome help satisfy motivator needs

outcomes such as interesting work, autonomy, responsibility, being able to grow and develop on the job, and a sense of accomplishment and achievement help

Recruiters for Mountainview College were under extreme pressure to increase an enrollment goal by 10 percent. As a result, they admitted many students who were marginally qualified and who performed poorly in classes. This is an example of which problem associated with control systems?

overemphasis on means instead of ends

the two core principles of TQM is:

people orientation and improvement orientation

David's peers were surprised when he received a promotion and suddenly became their supervisor. They thought he was rather unreliable and weren't sure that he was up to the task. According to the contingency model, David has___

poor leader-member relations

What is a way that teams can contribute to an organization

productivity gains

what is true of the control process

realistic standards reduce the gap between actual performance and desired performance

Tracy is outgoing, warm, and truly inspirational when she talks about where she wants to lead her division. Her employees seem eager to do anything she asks. Because of her personality and not her position, Tracy has ______ power.

referent power

which of the following could be done as a corrective action in the control process

revise standards

Lindy has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skills as a salesperson, but last year she didn't even reach the goal and blamed it on the economy. This is an example of:

self-serving bias

Those high in this emotional intelligence trait tend to be empathetic.

social awareness

Kaplan and Norton- ___ maps are visual representations of a company's critical objectives and the crucial relationships among them that drive an organizational performance

strategy map

When situational control is low, what style should be used

task-oriented

What is true with respect to groups and teams

the intensity with which members work together is always higher in a team than in a group

Britta is trying to measure her salon's productivity during the first quarter. For this period, she should divide _______ by the costs of her staff, loans, materials, and utility bills.

the total salon services and products sold Productivity formula is Outputs/inputs

a leader who manages through connections, using legitimate, reward, and coercive powers to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered is best known as ___leader

transactional leader- unlike transformational leadership, transactional leadership is dispassionate

___ leadership makes subordinates aware of the importance of their performance to the organization and aware of their needs for personal growth, motivating subordinates to work for the good of the organization

transformational

___ managers motivate their subordinates to work for the good of the organization as a whole, not just their own personal gain or benefit

transformational

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential consideration in building a group into an effective team

unanimity