Final Exam Org. Behavior Quizzes
The great man theory of leadership basically states that leaders are born. historically the best leaders have tended to be autocratic. leaders rise from a state of fortuitous circumstances. leaders are developed as a result of being in situations that require the use of power. leaders emerge out of crisis.
leaders are born.
Which of these refers to the concept that much of what happens in one's life is either under or outside of their own control? locus of control eustress tolerance for ambiguity personal control hardiness
locus of control
_______ change is an intentional activity or set of intentional activities that are designed to create movement toward a specific goal or end. Technological Differentiation Planned Structural Unplanned
Planned
_______ is a condition in which individuals feel they are being asked to do more than time or ability permits. Role uncertainty Role conflict Role overload Role underload Role ambiguity
Role overload
Which of the following is an element of sociocultural forces? ethics taxation new production technologies employment and wage rates currency exchange rate
ethics
Which term describes beneficial stess? hardiness There is no such thing as beneficial stress. grit enrichment eustress
eustress
Which of these is the final stage of the general adaptation syndrome? adjustment alarm exhaustion resistance coping
exhaustion
Which of the following profile of an organization emphasizes delivering value, competing, delivering shareholder value, goal achievement, driving and delivering results, speedy decisions, hard driving through barriers, directive, commanding, and getting things done? market culture system culture hierarchy culture clan culture adhocracy culture
market culture
Which of the following use teams to combine vertical with horizontal structures? divisional geographic functional matrix virtual
matrix
Which organizational structure is designed so that many employees have multiple lines of authority? flat matrix geographic vertical product
matrix
Which organizational structure works best in unstable, complex, and changing environments? geographic functional mechanistic organic divisional
mechanistic
The process by which individuals or groups attempt to realize their goals by bargaining with another party who has at least some control over goal attainment is _________. resolution avoidance negotiation diplomacy bargaining
negotiation
Which of the following is an element of technological forces? currency exchange rates wars new production techniques ethics pollution
new production techniques
Which of the following is a personal influence factor on the job-related stress? role conflict role overload role ambiguity locus of control occupation
occupation
The constant shifts that occur within an organizational system are referred to as organizational development. organizational change. complex adaptive systems. organizational design. level of organization.
organizational change.
Which of the following describes the process of setting up organizational structures to address the needs of an organization and account for the complexity involved in accomplishing business objectives? organizational development organizational change organizational design level of organization complex adaptive systems
organizational design
According to Thomas, which is the final stage of the conflict process? assessment frustration outcome behavior conceptualization
outcome
All of the following strategies help prevent conflict in organizations EXCEPT: facilitating intergroup communication avoiding win-lose situations pay secrecy providing stable, well-structured tasks emphasizing organization-wide goals and effectiveness
pay secrecy
Which of the following policies is especially useful in keeping employees from feeling inequitably treated? due process character assassination pay secrecy administrative orbiting non-action
pay secrecy
A Theory Y leader would likely tend to exhibit which of the following leadership styles? directive autocrat boss centered permissive autocratic permissive democratic 9,1 on Blake and Mouton's grid
permissive democratic
Which of these describes a Type A personality characteristic? polyphasic behavior does one activity at a time work is only one of many interests deliberate time orientation moderate goal-directedness
polyphasic behavior
When followers' form of compliance is one of "how much am I getting," or "how much should I give," the base of power is probably referent power. reward power. expert power. legitimate power. coercive power.
reward power.
Which of the following is an organizational influence factor on the job-related stress? locus of control role ambiguity rate of life change type A personality personal control
role ambiguity
The simultaneous occurrence of two or more sets of pressures or expectation is which of the following? role overload role uncertainty role underload role ambiguity role conflict
role conflict
Which of these occurs when employees are allowed to use only a few of their skills and abilities, even though they are required to make heavy use of them? role underutilization role overload role ambiguity role uncertainty role conflict
role underutilization
A way of spreading stress among employees and providing a respite from particularly stressful jobs is best accomplished through job ______. involvement commitment enrichment rotation design
rotation
Which of these refers to the extent to which organization members feel their peers can be trusted, are interested in one another's welfare, respect one another, and have a genuine positive regard for one another? hardiness locus of control tolerance for ambiguity social support eustress
social support
According to the authors of the 2018 annual Global Risks Perception Survey (GRPS), which of these requires organizations to proactively change or it will end up being changed by external circumstances? transformative resilience integrative resilience cyber resilience psychological resilience structural resilience
transformative resilience
An essential ingredient for effective leadership is the exercise of morals. patience. understanding. politics. power.
understanding.
According to personality psychologists, leader traits will play the strongest role shaping leader behavior in what type of situations? autocratic weak bureaucratic strong structured
weak
_______ conflict is conflict within one person. Affective Intrinsic Affective Behavioral Intrapersonal
Intrapersonal
Which of the following is an inclusive concept that involves all outside factors and influences that impact the operation of a business that an organization must respond or react to in order to maintain its flow of operations? Task environment Competitive environment Corporate culture General environment Specific environment
General environment
_______ conflict usually involves disagreements between two opposing groups/forces over goals or the sharing of resources. Interpersonal Intrapersonal Intrinsic Intergroup Interorganizational
Intergroup
_______ conflict can be seen in disputes between two companies. Goal Interorganizational Behavioral Cognitive Interpersonal
Interorganizational
Which of the following model of change proposed the sequence of "Unfreeze, Move, Refreeze"? complex adaptive model Kotter's change model appreciative inquiry model bureaucratic model Lewin's change model
Lewin's change model
Which of the following models of leadership suggests the motivational function of the leader consists of increasing personal payoffs to organizational members for work attainment and reducing barriers in order employees to be more successful? The Ohio State University Studies Path-Goal transformational leadership Fiedler's contingency model Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid
Path-Goal
_______ role overload consists of being taxed beyond one's skills, abilities, and knowledge. Quantitative Measurable Objective Task Qualitative
Qualitative
_______ can be defined as a physical and emotional reaction to potentially threatening aspects of the environment. Stress Hardiness Grit Attittude Perception
Stress
According to Thomas, which of these conflict handling modes is representative of unassertive and uncooperative characteristics? compromising competing accommodating avoiding collaborating
avoiding
Positive mood has been shown to be most strongly associated with the feminine role. be most strongly associated with the masculine role. be unrelated to gender role. result in low self-monitoring and more effectiveness as a leader. be associated with interpersonal competence and more effective functioning as a leader.
be unrelated to gender role.
When one person or group does something that is unacceptable to others, ______ conflict exists. intrapersonal cognitive goal affective behavioral
behavioral
Which of the following refers to the scenario when an organization concentrates resources in only a one or very few locations, or only a few individuals are authorized to make decisions about the use of resources? span of control centralization formalization specialization command-and-control
centralization
_______ change is unintentional and is usually the result of informal organizing. Differentiation Structural Unplanned Techological Planned
Unplanned
The managerial grid developed by Blake and Mouton suggests a high concern for production and people is universally the most effective. concern for people is the most important dimension of leader behavior. there is no one best approach to leader behavior because it should be contingent on the situation. the 5,5 grid position has been associated with the highest levels of leader effectiveness. a low concern for production with high concern for people is the most effective.
a high concern for production and people is universally the most effective.
When leaders assume that employees will change if they can be inspired to aim for greater degrees of excellence in their work, it represents which of these? emergent approach top-down change deficit -based change abundance-based change appreciative mindset
abundance-based change
According to Thomas, which of these conflict handling modes is appropriate when building social credits for later issues? compromising collaborating accommodating competing avoiding
accommodating
As the leader of a work group, you have confidence in your group members' ability to attain high standards and you emphasize excellence. According to the path-goal theory, you would choose which type of leader behavior? transformational achievement-oriented participative directive supportive
achievement-oriented
The typical physiological response to stressful events is believed to follow a fairly consistent pattern known as the ________ . adjustment hypothesis acceptance cycle resistance syndrome coping mechanism adaptation syndrome
adaptation syndrome
Which of the following profile of an organization emphasizes creating, innovating, visioning the future, managing change, risk-taking, rule breaking, experimentation, entrepreneurship, and uncertainty? system culture market culture adhocracy culture clan culture hierarchy culture
adhocracy culture
At which stage of the general adaptation syndrome does the body prepares for a "fight or flight" response? coping resistance adjustment alarm exhaustion
alarm
Which of these occurs first in the general adaptation syndrome? coping acceptance adjustment resistance alarm
alarm
Role _______ is experienced when individuals have inadequate information concerning their roles. conflict reversal ambiguity overload underload
ambiguity
The feeling of inability to deal with anticipated harm is _______. rejection frustration indifference alarm anxiety
anxiety
Which of the following represent a model specifically designed as an abundance-based, bottom-up, positive approach? complex adaptive model bureaucratic model appreciative inquiry model Kotter's change model Lewin's change model
appreciative inquiry model
Which of the following is an element of economic forces? ethics health climate competitors stress
climate
The two most salient characteristics of networks are functional environment and divisional environment. clustering and path length. mechanistic and organic. competitive environment and environmental change. environmental complexity and environmental change.
clustering and path length
When one person or group holds ideas or opinions that are inconsistent with those of others, ________ conflict can result. cognitive behavioral affective goal intrapersonal
cognitive
Which of the following is an individual strategy for coping with work-related stress? job redesign job rotation personnel selection and placement cognitive perspective increased participation and personal control
cognitive perspective
According to Thomas, which of these conflict handling modes is appropriate when trying to find an integrative solution when both sets of concerns are too important to be compromised? collaborating competing compromising accommodating avoiding
collaborating
According to Thomas, which of these conflict handling modes is representative of assertive and cooperative characteristics? competing avoiding compromising collaborating accommodating
collaborating
Which change model argues that an organization is constantly developing and adapting to its environment, much like a living organism? appreciative inquiry bureaucratic Kotter's Lewin's complex adaptive
complex adaptive
According to Thomas, which of these conflict handling modes is appropriate when opponents with equal power are committed to mutually exclusive goals? compromising competing avoiding accommodating collaborating
compromising
According to Thomas, in which stage of the conflict process, parties to the conflict attempt to understand the nature of the problem, what they themselves want as a resolution, what they think their opponents want as a resolution, and various strategies they feel each side may employ in resolving the conflict? formation outcome frustration behavior conceptualization
conceptualization
Which stage of Thomas' conflict process is the problem-solving and strategy phase? frustration outcome formation behavior conceptualization None of the other answers is correct
conceptualization
The process by which individuals or groups react to other entities that have frustrated, or are about to frustrate, their plans, goals, beliefs, or activities is ________. attitude affectation conflict perseverance retaliation
conflict
The leadership approach which states that group effectiveness is a result of the match between the leader's disposition towards others and the situation is typically referred to as the _____________ approach. contingency charismatic great man behavioral trait
contingency
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the general macro environment of an organization? sociocultureal government and political technological economic corporate culture
corporate culture
Which of the following is perhaps the most difficult kind of change for an organization? incremental change structural change differentiation change cultural technological
cultural
Which of the following is NOT a trend predicted by the 2018 annual Global Risks Perception Survey (GRPS) in the external environment? environmental dangers cyber vulnerabilities persistent inequality and unfairness denuclearization domestic and international political tensions
denuclearization
When an organization defines itself and its niche in an environment by the choice of what sector or field of the environment it will use its technology, products, and services to compete in and serve, it is describing its ______. style virtual structure domain 7-S model corporate culture
domain
Leaders who stem from the dynamics and processes that unfold within and amongst a group of individuals as they work on the achievement of a collective goal are called evolving leaders. designated leaders. the initiating structure leader. emergent leaders. formal leaders.
emergent leaders.
Which of the following describes an officially defined set of relationships, responsibilities, and connections that exist across an organization? level of organization organizational design organizational change organizational development formal organization
formal organization
According to Thomas, which is the first stage of the conflict process? outcome frustration conceptualization assessment behavior
frustration
Many functional departments that are grouped under the head of a business unit, who then reports to a senior manager who supervises multiple business units, is an example of which type of organizational structure? virtual functional matrix divisional vertical team
functional
Which of the following profile of an organization emphasizes efficiency, process and cost control, organizational improvement, technical expertise, precision, problem solving, elimination of errors, logical, cautious and conservative, management and operational analysis, and careful decision-making? clan culture system culture market culture adhocracy culture hierarchy culture
hierarchy culture
According to Fiedler, the most favorable situation for a leader is low task structure, strong position power, and good leader member relations. high task structure, strong position power, and poor leader member relations. low task structure, weak position power, and poor leader member relations. high task structure, weak position power, and good leader member relations. high task structure, strong leader position power, and good leader member relations.
high task structure, strong position power, and poor leader member relations.
When people surrender their power to define reality for themselves to individuals whom they believe are capable of making meaningful contribution to those needs, they have surrendered their power because of idiosyncrasy credits. formal power. the initiating structure relationship. informal leadership. critical contingencies.
idiosyncrasy credits.
Which of these refers to small refinements in current organizational practices or routines that do not challenge, but rather build on or improve, existing aspects and practices within the organization? cultural change differentiation change incremental change structural change technological change
incremental change
The _____ is emergent, meaning that it is formed through the common conversations and relationships that often naturally occur as people interact with one another in their day-to-day relationships. informal organization organizational design level of organization organizational structure organizational development
informal organization
Which of these is referred to as the invisible network of interpersonal relationships that shape how people actually connect with one another to carry out their activities? organizational structure informal organization complex adaptive systems None of the other answers is correct organizational design organizational development
informal organization
According to the authors of the 2018 annual Global Risks Perception Survey (GRPS), which of the following category suggests that organizations must be part of and aware of their contexts: geographically and the health of "individuals, families, neighborhoods, cities, provinces, and countries" that are affected as well as rely on their social cohesion? structural resilience transformative resilience cyber resilience integrative reslilience psychological resilience
integrative reslilience
Which of the following has the greatest potential to lead to improved task significance, autonomy, responsibility, and feedback? job enrichment job commitment job rotation job involvement job design
job design
Situations where it is unclear exactly where responsibility for something lies reflects which of the following factors why organizations have conflict? dependence on common resource pools jurisdictional ambiguities task interdependencies status inconsistencies individual differences
jurisdictional ambiguities
Which of these represents a kind of change that is necessary for an organization to achieve the focus it needs to make needed transfer missions and work it does feel to stay competitive in the current or larger organization, larger market environment, or societal environment? structural change differentiation change strategic change cultural change technological change
strategic change
Which of the following represents the changes in the overall formal relationships, or the architecture of relationships, within an organization? technological change cultural change structural change transformational change incremental change
structural change
According to the authors of the 2018 annual Global Risks Perception Survey (GRPS), which of these considers the systemic dynamics within the organization itself? none of the other answers are correct structural resilience transformative resilience integrative resilience cyber resilience
structural resilience
According to the path-goal leadership model, when a task is seen as boring, stressful, or unpleasant, the most appropriate dimension of leader behavior is transformational leadership. directive leadership. achievement-oriented leadership. participative leadership. supportive leadership.
supportive leadership.
At the _____ stage of the organizational life cycle, it becomes appropriate to introduce mechanistic structures that support the standardization and formalization required to create effective coordination across the organization. renewal maturity sustained success entrepreneurship survival and early success
survival and early success
In the ____ phase of the organizational life cycle, the organization expands, and the hierarchy deepens, now with multiple levels of employees. Lower-level managers are given greater responsibility, and managers for significant areas of responsibility are identified. sustained success survival and early success decline entrepreneurship renewal
sustained success
The more individuals or groups have to work together or collaborate to accomplish a goal, the greater the likelihood of conflict if different expectations or goals exist among entities. This reflects which of the following factors why organizations have conflict? task interdependencies dependence on common resource pools status inconsistencies individual differences jurisdictional ambiguities
task interdependencies
When organizations face a turbulent environment, intense competition, and the need to move fast, the most appropriate leadership would be: transformational task-centered transactional contingency subordinate centered
task-centered
Which of the following is an element of government and political forces? taxation health and food globalization ethics new production technologies
taxation
As part of the leadership process, which of the following is less important? the leader the vision statement the context the consequences the followers
the followers
The leader that members of a group acknowledge as their leader is the formal leader. the task leader. the group maintenance leader. the initiating structure leader. the informal leader.
the informal leader.
When power or influence within an organization flow to individuals or leaders who have the ability to help an organization or group handle challenges, the leadership influence is one based on a formal leader. the initiating structure leader. critical contingencies. a designated leader. an informal leader.
the initiating structure leader.
The type of leadership most appropriate when major changes are needed in an organization would be: managerial grid transformational task-centered transactional path-goal
transformational
Which of these refers to significant shifts in an organizational system that may cause significant disruption to some underlying aspect of the organization, its processes, or structures? differentiation change incremental change cultural change transformational change technological change
transformational change
The relationship between leader behavior and follower behavior can best be characterized as: follower behavior has no effect on leader behavior while the effectiveness of leader behavior is determined by follower characteristics or expectations it has also been found that follower behavior determines leader behavior none of the other statements accurately describes the relationship leader expectations of follower behavior determine leader behavior and follower expectations of leader behavior determine follower effectiveness leader behavior has little effect on follower behavior
while the effectiveness of leader behavior is determined by follower characteristics or expectations it has also been found that follower behavior determines leader behavior
All of the following are characteristics of a mechanistic organizational structure EXCEPT: specialized tasks wide span of control structured decision making vertical communication top down hierarchy
wide span of control
Which of the following is a characteristic of an organic organizational structure? structured decision making specialized tasks wide span of control vertical communication top down hierarchy
wide span of control
