Final Exam Patho 1

A nurse is caring for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following causes the disease?

Autoimmune process

A rare condition caused by gastrin-secreting tumors most commonly found in the small intestine or pancreas is called:

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Which client would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of "prediabetes"?

a middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122 with follow-up OGTT of 189 mg/dL

The critical care nurse has just admitted a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) whose blood glucose level is 877 mg/dL (48.67 mmol/L). The client's breath has a fruity odor and the client is confused. Which of these does the nurse set as the priority at this time?

administration of intravenous fluids

Osteoporosis risk factors include: Select all that apply

age greater than 65, inactive lifestyle, smoking, consumption of alcohol, female

A client is being seen at the primary care physician office for a possible allergic reaction. What is the cause of this type of primary skin disorder?

antigen-antibody response

the nurse is caring for a child with a deficiency of Vitamin D knows that the deficiency places the child at risk for:

rickets

The nurse is performing a physical assessment of the gastrointestinal tract. In which area does the nurse place the hands for palpation of the liver?

right upper quadrant

An 18-year-old female of Asian ancestry is distraught over the recent appearance of white patches on her forearms and upper arms which have been subsequently confirmed as vitiligo. Which statement by the woman expresses an accurate understanding of her condition?

"I suppose this shouldn't come as too much of a surprise, since this tends to run in my family

Which individual most likely faces the greatest risk of developing Clostridium difficile colitis?

A 79-year old hospital patient who is being treated with broad-spectrum antibodies

The nurse is caring for four clients. Select the client who is at greatest risk for decreased wound healing?

A 80-year old client with diabetic foot ulcer

A nurse is providing care for several clients on an acute medicine unit. Which client should the nurse recognize as being at the highest risk for metabolic alkalosis?

A client on continuous nasogastric suction and whose hypertension in being treated with diuretics

The nurse is reviewing the medical history of four clients. Which client is at highest risk for developing peptic ulcer disease?

A client with prior diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori and refused treatment

A client with multiple pain-related injuries to the back, knees, and hips is admitted with acute liver failure. Upon procuring a medication list, the nurse notes that the client is taking several over-the-counter medications that contain a preparation known to be the drug that most commonly causes liver failure. Which drug is this?

Acetaminophen

which patient below is at greatest risk for developing an intestinal obstruction/ileus?

An elderly patient who is on bed rest because of post-operative abdominal surgery

A client calls the clinic and tells the nurse she is concerned because her husband has developed shingles. She asks the nurse if he is contagious. The best response would be that herpes zoster (Shingles) is:

Contagious and can be transmitted to nonimmune contacts

which of the following are classified as H2 receptor antagonists

Famotidine

An older adult client has arrived at the physician's office complaining of a rash. Upon further investigation, the client states the rash feels like a burning pain but also has some tingling. It is extremely sensitive to touch. The nurse notes that the rash is made up of vesicles and located on the right thoracic region. The nurse suspects the client has:

Herpes zoster

A health care provider suspects a client may have developed pancreatitis. Which laboratory value will confirm this diagnosis?

High serum amylase and lipase

A nurse is caring for a client with hypoparathyroidism. Which imbalance is a major concern for the client?

Hypocalcemia

the nurse is teaching a community class about early screening for malignant melanoma. The nurse should be concerned with which question/concerns raised by audience members?

I have noticed that the mole on my back is changing shape and has developed an irregular border

The nurse is caring for a client with an elevated serum bilirubin level. The nurse recognizes a high bilirubin level may result in which condition?

Jaundice

A patient recent blood gas results are below: pH-7.49, PCO2-38, HCO3-30. Interpret and select the correct acid-base balance disorder

Metabolic alkalosis

A pregnant client is having premature labor cramps and is diagnosed with preeclampsia. The admitting prescriptions include starting an IV infusion of magnesium sulfate. What intervention will the nurse provide this client?

Monitoring for changes in neuromuscular status like lethargy, confusion, or hyperreflexia

A nurse is assessing a patient recent BMP results. The patient sodium level is 155. What symptoms can you anticipate the patient is experiencing?

Oliguria or anuria

A patient's recent blood gas results are below: pH 7.30, PCO2 48, HCO3 27. Interpret and select the correct acid-base balance disorder

Respiratory acidosis

After several months of persistent heartburn, a 57-year-old female client has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which treatment regimen is likely to best address the woman's health problem?

Proton pump inhibitors; avoiding large meals; remaining upright after meals

A nurse is caring for a client with rheumatoid arthritis who states she "caught" this from her mother. Which statement is the correct explanation of how this type of arthritis develops

RA has a autoimmune and genetic predisposition

The following are manifestations and symptoms of Peritonitis:

Rebound tenderness, muscular ridgity, spasms, pain increases with movement, abd. distention, fever

A diabetic client has injured his foot while walking barefoot on the lawn. On admission, which assessment finding would be considered a localized cardinal sign of acute inflammation?

Redness and edema at the injured site

The nursing instructor is teaching about osteoporosis and tells students that reduced physical activity can contribute to the loss of bone mass. What does the nurse tell the students is the rationale for this?

Reduced physical activity increases the rate of bone loss, as mechanical forces are important stimuli for normal bone remodeling

An older adult has been confined to bed after a severe hemorrhagic stroke with residual hemiplegia. Which measure should the care team prioritize in the prevention of pressure injuries? Select the Best answer

Repositioning the client on a scheduled basis

An infant is born with a clubfoot. The nurse should anticipate which treatment measures will first be instituted

Serial manipulations and casting

A adult client presents to the emergency department with a pounding headache, heart failure, and pulmonary and peripheral edema. The pulse is bounding, blood pressure is elevated, and the urine is scant and concentrated. Which endocrine disorder is the likely cause of these manifestations?1. A adult client presents to the emergency department with a pounding headache, heart failure, and pulmonary and peripheral edema. The pulse is bounding, blood pressure is elevated, and the urine is scant and concentrated. Which endocrine disorder is the likely cause of these manifestations?

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

which client needs screening for osteoporosis?

The client who seems to have "shrunk" in height

Which description best summarizes the etiology of pressure injuries?

Unrelieved pressure on the skin causes decreased blood and lymph flow that leads to pressure injury development

Which term is used to denote the pigmentation disorder in which the skin suddenly develops white patches on the face and arms?

Vitiligo

a nurse is teaching a wellness group among a group of older adult women. One of the women has asked for advice about preventing osteoporosis, which affects many of her friends. What is the nurse's best response to the woman's query?

Weight-bearing exercise is helpful, as are calcium supplements

Dry skin is common among older adults. During which season does dry skin become worse?

Winter

The parents of a child diagnosed with rheumatic disease are shocked by the diagnosis and tell the nurse that they did not think children could acquire the disease. The best response would be:

children can be affected with almost all of the rheumatic diseases that occur in adults

An adult man has been brought to the emergency department with severe electrical burns. Which assessment finding leads the providers to suspect the brain has been damaged with this burn?

confusion, memory loss, and lethargy

An older adult client expresses concern about straining to pass stools that are small and hard. What term will the health care provider use to document this in this client's chart?

constipation

The following are symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis

fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, and low grade fever

In clients with acute diarrhea, many require no treatment. However, the nurse knows the priority assessment in all clients with diarrhea is:

fluid and electrolyte status

The nurse notes a blister on a client's skin. Which description best defines this area?

fluid-filled papule

Osteogenesis imperfecta is described as:

genetic disorder characterized by bones that break easily, often from little to no apparent cause

An older adult client has recently been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should focus assessment on which aspects?

genetic predisposition is very likely

Upon assessing a patient's EKG, the EKG shows a flattened T-wave. Which electrolyte imbalance is the patient likely experiencing?

hypokalemia

The health care provider has completed the assessment on a client with jaundice. The provider determines that which pathophysiologic abnormality could cause the jaundice?

impaired uptake of bilirubin by the liver

Dry, itchy plaques on the elbows and knees have prompted a 23-year-old client to seek care. The health care provider has diagnosed the client with psoriasis, based on which histologic characterization?

increased epidermal cell turnover

Which pregnant woman likely faces the greatest risk of developing gestational diabetes? A client who:

is morbidly obese defined as greater than 100 pounds over ideal weight

The nurse is evaluating the bloodwork results of a client with an infected leg ulcer. The white blood cell count is 18,000 cells/uL. The nurse interprets this as

leukocytosis

When caring for a client with diabetes insipidus (DI), the nurse plans to evaluate with laboratory study.

measurement of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and plasma/urine osmolarity

A client with chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD) receives oxygen in the emergency department at a rate of 4 L/min for acute respiratory distress. Later, the nurse finds the client unresponsive with a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. What arterial blood gas (ABG) values would the nurse expect to obtain?

pH 7.29, PCO2 67 mm Hg, HCO3 26 mEq/L

Peptic ulcers can affect one or all layers of the stomach or duodenum. Ulcers that penetrate through the muscularis layer are classified as which type of ulcer?

perforation

What are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus?

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

Which statement is true regarding the development of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

predominantly the large joints are affected

A client has presented to the emergency department with s/s of an anxiety attack. The client is hyperventilating and is not responding to the care team's efforts to regulate the client's respiratory rate. Which is the most appropriate action by the nurse? Assess the client for indications of

respiratory alkalosis

A client is experiencing an episode of gout. The nurse recognizes that the condition is a result of:

serum uric acid levels

The cause of gastric carcinomas has been influenced by which factors? Select all that apply.

strain of Helicobacter pylori, environmental factors, family history

Which substance helps maintain a smooth surface in joint cartilage?

synovial fluid

the nurse walks into a room and finds the client forcefully expelling stomach contents into a wash basin. When documenting this occurrence, the nurse will use the term:

vomiting

Your patients sodium level is 132. You can anticipate your provider to place and order for

water restriction

A client with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus states, "I am really worried that I might need to take injections. Is there something I can do to avoid that?" What is the best response by the nurse?

you should regulate your diet, exercise regularly, and lose weight