Final Exam Review 2017 (Interpersonal communication: quizzes 3-5)

Which of the following is defined as "the process of acting on information"?

communication

Brenda is from the Netherlands and has made every attempt to "fit in" with her new American friends. While they may not be consciously aware of it, those friends have also been trying to adapt to Brenda's communication behaviors. This is illustrated in

communication accommodation theory.

Which of the following is the name for the theory that suggests that each of us has our own boundaries and rules for sharing personal information?

communication privacy management theory

Everything in the circumplex model of family interaction is influenced by

communication.

Elijah began dating Penny a few weeks ago, and things seemed fine, until he met Randi. He felt that a relationship with Randi would be more likely to offer him his expectations for a relationship. He broke up with Penny and began to see Randi. Elijah has engaged which aspect of social exchange theory?

comparison to alternatives

Trouble has been brewing in the relationship between Shawn and Trevor for quite some time. One problem seems to go away and another one emerges. At some point, the couple decides they can't take it anymore and decide to break up. This kind of breakup is best identified as an example of

incrementalism.

When we look for nonverbal cues to help us understand how a person is feeling about something we did, we are engaging in

indirect perception checking.

Which stage of the listening process is involved when you focus your eyes on your friend, nod your head, and say "uh huh" occasionally as he speaks?

responding

After her break-up with Simon, Peg adjusted her perspective on relationships to include "things not to fall for again" and "things to never do again." This action by Peg would be included in which phase of the relational dissolution process?

resurrection phase

The reasons for evoking jealousy in a relationship include relational

rewards and relational revenge.

Efforts such as apologizing, denying an event occurred, lying, and using humor to overcome embarrassment are what researchers call attempts to

save face.

The technique of having a trained person listen as you verbalize your fears, hopes, and concerns is called

talk therapy.

Drew has just been fired from his job and turns to you to talk about it. According to communication researchers, what would be an inappropriate response to show social support?

"Don't worry about it. You can always find a new job."

If all four signs of communication behaviors that indicate increasing problems in a marriage are consistently present, the chance a couple will eventually divorce is ________ percent.

94

The clip of the Break Up illustrates which specific concept from the chapter?

Causal turning point

If you mother says, "Your grounded if you don't clean your room!!" She is exhibiting what type of power over you.

Coercive

The fact that people do have incompatible goals and experience scarce resources contradicts this myth about conflict:

Conflict always occurs because of misunderstandings.

Communication researcher Milton Bennett calls the ultimate other-oriented principle the "Platinum Rule," which states:

Do to others as they themselves would like to be treated.

The clip from Tombstone, that showed the dual between Doc Holiday and Johnny Ringo, was used to illustrate which of the following nonverbal communication codes:

Eye contact

Which of the following reflects the approach that self-observation can encourage us to assume new labels?

Hey! I'm an outgoing, fun sort of person.

In the video with Dr. Laura Stepp, she discussed some scenarios she found in her research and in her book Unhooked. What was the main idea she was trying to convey?

Hooking up can lead not only to physical consequences but may lead to relational problems later in the relatioship and/or later in life and future relationships.

Which of the following statements about the cultural value of individual versus group achievement is TRUE?

Individualistic cultures tend to be more loosely knit socially.

What three elements distinguish interpersonal communication from other forms of human communication?

It is a distinctive, transactional form of human communication involving mutual influence for the purpose of managing relationships.

According to the class lecture, all of the following are advantages of escalating interpersonal relationships, EXCEPT:

Leaves you personally exposed

Which skill for improving family communication is involved when family members ask questions, reflect content and feelings, and perception-check to clarify the meaning of messages?

Listen actively and clarify the meaning of messages.

The video clip from Modern Family was used to illustrate which concept from the chapter?

Malapropism

Which of the following is TRUE?

Men report having more best friends than women. (CH.11)

Research on messages that hurt, conducted by Vangelisti and Crumley, found all of the following EXCEPT:

People are more hurt by messages from nonfamily members than from family members.

Which of the following is TRUE concerning "love" in the context of romantic relationships?

People like their romantic partners only slightly more than they do their friends.

We saw a clip from Legally Blonde, where a group of law students were meeting for the first time. The group was sitting in the lawn and each was taking their turn telling the group a little bit about themselves. Regarding the presentation of self to others, what were they doing by presenting these descriptions of themselves which were intended to make them appear competent, respected, and valued?

Presenting a positive face

The "Be Like Mike" commercial that you viewed for this chapter illustrates the concept of:

Referent power

Which of the following reflects researcher Heidi Reeder's findings about romantic and physical attraction in cross-sex relationships as they endure over time?

Romantic and physical/sexual attraction diminish over time.

According to the Bartholomew Model of Attachment Style, the preoccupied style has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

Self confident, but view others as untrustworthy and not to be counted on for support.

________ has transformed the way we make, maintain, and dissolve relationships in the twenty-first century.

Social media

In response to his son's request, Dad says, "I don't care what you want. You'll do what I tell you, when I tell you, and that's that!" Which strategies for creating a supportive climate does his outburst most likely violate?

Solve problems rather than control others.

Which of the following is NOT listed in your text as a benefit of apologizing?

The recipient understood the reason for the offender's error.

What is a secret test?

a behavior strategically chosen to indirectly determine a partner's feelings

A highly intimate, close relationship in which a large amount of self-disclosure has occurred over a wide range of topics would most likely represent ________ of disclosures.

a breadth and depth

Roddy earned an "A" for the semester in his communication class and was quite happy and excited about it. When he arrived at his sister's house for dinner, she could tell that Roddy was in a particularly good mood because of his

affect displays.

While listening to Marylou's story about a narrowly escaping a near-accident in her car, Phil is focused on the facts of the matter and is less concerned with Marylou's emotions and feelings. This is because Phil tends to be which kind of listener?

analytical

Jack tells his wife, Jill, that he thinks they should "redo" their bathroom as their next home improvement project. Jill reacts strongly to this suggestion, complaining that, "We don't have enough money to do that!" Jill thought "redo" the bathroom meant to replace the shower, toilet, and sink and to re-tile the floors and paint the walls. She was relieved when Jack explained that what he meant by "redo" the bathroom was to paint the walls and have the floors refinished. The language barrier Jack and Jill experienced is called

bypassing.

What dimension of the circumplex model of family interaction is characterized by emotional bonding and feelings of togetherness?

cohesion

How would a culture that values support from others and expects loyalty from the community probably be classified, according to the six dimensions of culture?

collectivistic

People who have a high sense of self-worth are more likely to be

comfortable having others observe them when they perform.

Gary has decided to break up with Hortensia and has decided to break the news at a high-class restaurant in hopes of avoiding an unpleasant scene. Even though this might not work, Gary's decision reflects his understanding of the importance of which component of communication?

context

Alicia tells Zoe that "this is NOT the place to tell Fred that he failed to qualify for the interview." She is referring to

context.

While listening to Marshall's account of his day and all of the trials and tribulations he endured, Arch is taking into account Marshall's thoughts, values, background, and perspectives during the interaction. Thus, Arch is engaging in social

decentering.

Karah, a teenager, rolls her eyes and walks away when Tammy, her mother, orders her to clean her room. Karah and Tammy are using which approach to conflict management:

demand-withdrawal pattern

Carly heard her communication professor use a word that she had not heard before and determined it would be a good idea to find out what the word meant. She consulted two dictionaries to be sure she had the literal meaning of the word. Carly was looking for which of the following meanings?

denotative

What kind of conflict do inflexibility and a win-lose perspective characterize?

destructive conflict

Ethan realizes that when he communicates with Ji, who is an international student from South Korea, he may need to be sure that that his messages are more explicit, but they should not be condescending. This is an example of which of the following?

elaborated code

When two people have a relationship based on feelings of warmth, understanding, and emotional connection, this is known as

friendship-based intimacy.

Where does competition fit on the scales of concern for self and concern for others?

high concern for self, low concern for others

What is a culture called that relies heavily on nonverbal information to enhance message meanings not explicitly communicated through language?

high-context

Tony can't seem to talk without using his hands. He is always pointing, and shaping, and indicating size when he talks. How would you classify Tony's actions?

illustrators

Brian's family has a low orientation toward both conversation and conformity, thus they are termed a __________ family.

laissez-faire

Which of the following cues is/are used to identify class distinctions?

money education way of life all of the above (ANSWER !!!)

Mara's goal is to express her support and encouragement to Clay, who is going through a hard time at home. She needs to ensure that her

nonverbal messages express the same sentiments that she conveys verbally.

Joe tells anybody who will listen to him the most intimate details of his personal life. According to the Johari window, he probably has a relatively large ________ area.

open

Peter noticed that Bill came to class late one day. When he met Bill later at a party, he turned to one of his friends and remarked, "Yeah, Bill's the guy I told you about who comes to class late all the time." The perceptual barrier Peter is exhibiting is

overgeneralizing.

Maria is sitting in a study area in the library trying to study a lesson in which she really isn't interested. All of a sudden, she smells cologne, which causes her to look up. Which of the following processes is Maria most likely employing?

passive perception

When Beth first met Katie at work, Katie was impatient, stressed out, and irritable. For quite a while, Beth had a negative impression of Katie and tried to avoid her. In reality, Katie is kind and even-tempered. Which of the following best describes why Beth persisted in seeing Katie in a negative light?

primacy effect

Janice has filed a sexual harassment claim against her boss. She accuses him of demanding sex in return for his approval of her promotion. What type of sexual harassment is this called?

quid pro quo

Uncertainty reduction theory suggests that we seek information in order to

reduce anxiety about what we see and experience.

The process of redefining events and experiences from a different point of view is known as

reframing.

Danny's primary love language is auditory and his wife Johanna's primary love language is visual. All of the following are ways Danny can improve his visual love language to show his affection for his wife, EXCEPT:

regularly complimenting her appaearance or things she does

What process is involved when we focus our attention on specific elements of our environment and ignore others?

selective attention

Which of the following is NOT a cue associated with lying?

slurring of words

The trailer from the movie Swim Fan was shown to illustrate which concept of the dark side of interpersonal communication and relationships?

stalking

The theory that helps explain why Nabil's view and account of Shawna's behavior differs dramatically from Benjamin's view and account of that same behavior is known as ________ theory.

standpoint

Which of the following concepts suggests that language shapes our culture and culture shapes our language?

the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

The study from Princeton University that I cited in the video lecture reported all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

As the number of casual sex partners increased in the past year, so did feelings of high self-esteem.

Max has been dumped by his girlfriend and is trying to work through his post-dissolution grief. One strategy that is helping him is to mentally review his ex's flaws. Max is engaging in which of Weber's strategies?

Realize, don't idealize.

After watching a few minutes of a new sit-com, Will determined that the comedians on the show were not particularly funny and they made the show turn out to be a waste of his time. In order to determine whether the actors were funny or not, Will used

a construct.

When Anna was the initiator of the end to her relationship with Tomas, she affirmed his positive qualities and worth, while declaring the end to their relationship. This is an example of Anna using

a positive tone.

Several researchers suggest that one of the best ways to enhance understanding when communicating over a period of time with someone from a different cultural background is to develop

a third culture.

What stage of the conflict process is involved when Tobias, realizing he keeps putting the toothbrush holder back out on the bathroom counter after Rachel keeps putting it away in the bathroom cabinet, finally says to Rachel, "Darn it all! Will you stop putting the toothbrush holder in the cabinet!"

active conflict

Liam has just transferred from a community college to a large university. He is aware that this new culture will likely be more formal and less friendly than his old school, and he wants to make a good impression. Therefore, one of the ways Liam adapts is to address each of his professors as "Doctor" until and unless he is told differently. What type of adaptation has Liam used?

adaptation through language choice

Buying your friend flowers to apologize after a fight is an example of

adapting reactively.

Glenda ordered her steak cooked medium-well at her favorite restaurant. When the server returned with her steak, Glenda cut into it, saw that it was red in the center, and said to the server, "OK, what part of 'medium-well' didn't you understand? I want you to take this back and cook it so it's edible. This is ridiculous!" Glenda's behavior was

aggressive.

Philosopher William James identified three components of the self: the material, the social, and the spiritual. The material self is based upon

all of the tangible things you own.

Rather than saying, "Lawyers are crooks," Phil declares, "My lawyer put his personal interests ahead of mine." Phil's method of avoiding the allness barrier is known as

indexing.

According to leader-member exchange theory (LMX), which of the following relationship types is less formal and is characterized by free-flowing information?

leadership relationships

Which form of communication occurs when someone communicates the same message to many people at once but the creator of the message is usually not physically present?

mass communication

A hyperpersonal relationship is an electronically mediated relationship that is

more personal than a face-to-face relationship.

Lance and Margarita are having a conversation online. Lance knows that, according to social information-processing theory, the information shared will be exchanged

more slowly than if it were face to face.

In his observations of married couples, marriage researcher John Gottman found that a significant predictor of divorce was

neglecting to confirm one's marriage partner during everyday conversations.

Bill is the biological son of Ed and Marilyn, who divorced when Bill was three years old. For two years, Bill and Marilyn lived alone. Then, when Bill was five, Bill and Marilyn moved in to Jeff's home with Jeff and his three children when Jeff and Marilyn got married. In order, Bill's family type changed from

nuclear to single-parent to blended.

Henry always avoids talking about his past, in large part because he spent some time in prison. When his fiancé, Carla, finds out about it, she is horrified and calls him a liar. Carla is accusing Henry of deception by

omission.

One study suggests that people who are in long-distance relationships can maintain relationships similar to those between people who are geographically close, as long as they are able to get together at least

once a week.

Which of the dialectical tensions was found to be the most important in the study of married couples reported in your textbook?

openness versus closedness

The set of enduring internal predispositions and behavioral characteristics that describe how you react to your environment is your

personality.

Jordan and Taylor are married and raising one child. Both Jordan and Taylor are deeply committed to their family, but value their independence, each pursuing their individual goals and openly expressing their desires. Fitzpatrick, Ritchie, and Koerner would label their family communication pattern as

pluralistic.

After her separation from Bob, Sara has begun to tell a "prepared" statement about the cause(s) of the break-up and to come to grips with that break-up. Steve Duck calls this "grave-dressing," and it occurs at which point in relational de-escalation?

post-separation

When we behave in ways that benefit others, it makes us feel better and is called being

prosocial.

When Carlos lies to Jacob about how much money he makes at his new job because he's embarrassed at how little he makes, his reason for lying is best described as to

protect his self-image.

When Lori got an A on her music history paper, she concluded that she was indeed smart. The next week, however, when she failed her biology test, she blamed the professor's "confusing" questions for her poor result. Lori is using what barrier to accurate perception?

self-serving bias

Margolis, in anticipating his next public speaking assignment, thinks that while he may not be the most skilled speaker, he is intelligent, he knows how to research a topic, and if he spends some time practicing he ought to be able to get at least a "C." Margolis is most likely engaging in which technique for improving self-esteem?

self-talk

Darius wants to sit in his easy chair and listen to his music loudly. LaShawn, his roommate, needs some quiet time to study for a major exam the next day. If Darius listens to his music, LaShawn won't be able to study. What kind of conflict does this situation reflect?

simple conflict

Which barrier to effective listening is displayed when Helga listens to Sven very carefully until he says something she can use against him, and then she interrupts?

criticizing the speaker.

The theory that emotional expression is severely restricted when we use only text-based messages to communicate is called ________ theory.

cues-filtered-out

Jamal is visiting Norway as a Rotary exchange student. Shortly after his arrival to the country, he began to experience a sense of confusion, anxiety, and stress. He began to question the wisdom of committing himself to this exchange. Based upon Jamal's reaction, what is he most likely experiencing?

culture shock

Tom isn't having much success in meeting women. He asks his friend, Tanya, to help identify what he is doing that might be turning off the women he meets. Since Tanya has known him since they were in kindergarten, she tactfully but honestly tells him what she thinks. Tom's reliance on his relationship with Tanya reflects which strategy for improving one's self-esteem?

developing honest relationships

A confirmation class from the local Methodist church visited a nearby synagogue to experience worship from a different perspective. The synagogue provided the group with a guide. The guide explained what would happen during the service, showed them where to sit and how to respond at different times in the service, and made himself available after the service to answer any questions they might have about the service, the synagogue, or Judaism. The synagogue's response to this visit demonstrated their commitment to which strategy for improving intercultural communication?

developing knowledge

Alistair's friend Ivana is going to go to a baseball game tonight and has asked him to go along. He wants to go, but also wants to stay home and relax after a difficult week at work. He feels torn in two directions and wants to do the game AND wants to stay home. This is an example of which of the following?

dialectical tension

Which barrier to effective intercultural communication is involved when Jason, an American exchange student, is confused when his British host mother tells him to put the luggage in the "boot"?

different communication codes

Toni sat through a speech presentation at the local service organization's monthly meeting last week. The speaker wanted to be sure that all audience members understood what he had to say, so he spoke in a deliberate, slow fashion in order to achieve his goal. The technique backfired and the vast majority of the audience became bored and some even left. This was most likely due to which of the following?

differing speech rate and thought rate

A woman observes what she believes is her husband flirting with the waitress at a restaurant where the couple is having dinner. The woman decides to ask her husband what he was doing. The husband claims he only smiled at the waitress. In this case, the wife decided to use which of the following to be clearer on the situation?

direct perception checking

When Kamika asked D'Andre why he was so late picking her up from work, he replied, "It's too bad that you had to wait in the rain until I could pick you up from work, but I had to stop and drop off my dry cleaning on the way." This is an example of which of the following?

disconfirming response.

Gunny-sacking is

dredging up old problems and issues from the past.

When we create a message without giving much thought to the person who is listening, we are engaging in

egocentric communication.

Which of the following theories suggests that people tend to display the same emotions that a communication partner is displaying?

emotional contagion theory

Wei is generally considered by her boss to be very good at being aware of, understanding, and managing the emotions of those people who work for her. She has also demonstrated the ability to do the same with her own emotions. Because of these abilities, it may be said that Wei exhibits a high level of

emotional intelligence.

What is the process of communicating a group's culture from one generation to another called?

enculturation

Ramon has some important information to pass along to his subordinates, which will require action. Which of the following methods would be the best way to communicate with his subordinates?

face-to-face with written follow-up

Dad says to Junior, "Hand me the screwdriver." Junior responds with, "Which kind, a flat-head or Phillips?" Which language barrier is Junior trying to overcome?

failure to be specific.

Communication author Virginia Satir calls________ "the largest single factor determining the kinds of relationships [people make] with others."

family communication

Rebecca is nervous and fidgets during her job interview with Calder. She is hired anyway, but Calder is surprised when he sees her at work on her first day and she is calm and collected. Calder may be guilty of the perceptual mistake of

imposing consistency.

In class I showed a video clip of the television series Downton Abbey to illustrate which of the following concepts of difference?

social class

What skill is involved when you take into account the other person's thoughts, feelings, values, background, and overall perspective when communicating?

social decentering

Rob met Frank in an online chat group for race car enthusiasts. Based on briefly looking over Frank's online profile, Rob decided that Frank is a typical show off, know-it-all race car owner. This tendency to stereotype someone based on the few cues online interactions provide is known as

social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE).

The approach that represents a model of self-disclosure that reflects both breadth and depth of shared information is

the social penetration model.

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining the amount of touch you need, tolerate, receive, and initiate?

the time of day

All of the following have been scientifically proven about the alcohol induced effect known as "beer goggles,"EXCEPT:

there is no scientific evidence to support the "beer goggle" effect

Alex and Andy are the best of friends and people often say they are like twins. Because of the similarities between the two,

they are more likely to achieve accurate understanding.

After the first day of classes Hadya has already decided that her economics professor is strict ("He said he doesn't tolerate cell phones"), her art professor is flaky ("She came in late because she couldn't find the room"), and her communications professor is fun ("He sat on the desk and started to learn all of our names"). What process has Hadya used in forming her perceptions?

thin slicing

Heather, a Southern Baptist, attended Mass at her boyfriend William's Roman Catholic church. During the service she was confused about when to stand, sit, or kneel; she didn't know the words to most of what the congregation recited aloud from memory; and she decided just to stay in her seat when William went to receive the Eucharist. What strategy for developing motivation did Heather seem to display?

tolerating ambiguity

Which type of married couple does research show are the most satisfied?

traditional

Jan and Marty were married for about thirty years. They have now separated. It appears to their friends and relatives that their commitment to one another has increased and decreased several times over the last few years. They have already divided up their property, but still seem to struggle with commitment. Which pattern of commitment change are the two experiencing after their break-up?

turbulent relational progression

The general cultural perspective on such key issues as death, God, and the meaning of life that shapes how you perceive and respond to what happens to you is called a(n)

worldview.

Which friendships are most important for honing our skills for successful romantic relationships?

young adult

Which myth about conflict has someone accepted if he or she believes that if only we listen harder and paraphrase, conflicts can be solved?

Conflict can always be resolved.

The video clip of Stephen Covey discussing the Indian talking stick was used to elaborate on which specific concept in this chapter?

Active listening

In the article posted on ecampus, "The One Question That Can Also be the Answer," the author suggests that which of the following questions is the one question that can also be the answer?

How can I help you?

Monica is being punished by her teacher because the teacher didn't care for the way Monica said, "Yes, Ma'am." Her nasal rendition of "yes" and the long drawn out "Ma'am" suggested a lack of respect that the teacher considered unacceptable. The teacher's dissatisfaction with Monica's statement demonstrates which characteristic of interpersonal relationships?

Interpersonal communication has both content and relationship dimensions.

The video clip of the Office Space commercial was used as an example to illustrate which specific concept in the chapter?

Interrupting response

In your public speaking class, you are asked to evaluate the delivery of a classmate. You critique her vocal characteristics, her eye contact, her gestures, and her appearance, but find that you can really only pay attention to one category at a time. Your experiences support what challenge of interpreting nonverbal messages?

Nonverbal cues are multichanneled.

Identifying with a group is a significant part of a person's identity, and research has shown which individuals benefit the most from group associations?

People who are not a part of a dominant culture.

The clip that I showed in class from the movie A Few Good Men, was shown to illustrate which type of account?

Principled justification

All of the following are assumptions of Communication Privacy Management Theory, EXCEPT:

Privacy does not require rules to coordinate what is personally and collectively controlled

Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of interpersonal conflict suggested by Wilmot and Hocker?

a covert struggle

Which of the following conflict management styles reflects a high concern for others and a low concern for self?

accommodation

Elissa cried when Elmer said he thought Elissa was "spoiled brat." Elissa's crying about Elmer's hurtful comment is a(n) ___________ response.

acquiescent

Lilah cried when Elmer said he thought she was "spoiled brat." Lilah's crying about Elmer's hurtful comment is a(n) ________ response.

acquiescent

When Albert calls his housemate Mark a slob, Mark responds with, "Right! Why don't you take a closer look at your room?" Mark's reaction is best characterized as a(n) ________ response.

active verbal

Liza and Charles have been friends for quite a while. They argue quite a bit about almost every decision that has to be made. If Liza wants to see a movie, Charles wants to go to dinner first. If Charles wants to stay home and watch TV, Liza always wants to do something else. Which of the following best characterizes the type of relationship they seem to have?

competitive symmetric

Steven and Sean have been friends for a long time, but it is clear that Steven likes to be in charge and Sean prefers to go along. Which of the following type of relationship best characterizes their friendship?

complementary

If you can see it, touch it, smell it, taste it, or hear it, then a word refers to something that is

concrete.

While communicating online with a fellow student in his psychology class, Brent finds that a conflict begins between the two of them. After few minutes, Brent has had about all he can take, tensions begin to increase and to run high, and he loses his inhibitions. The conflict between the two escalates. This is an example of which of the following?

disinhibition effect

According to the research by Michael Cody concerning students' assessments of what caused their intimate heterosexual relationship to break up, the number one cited cause was

faults.

An open mouth, tense skin under the eyes, and wrinkles in the center of the forehead are facial expressions that indicate

fear.

Pierre, of the marketing department, needs to talk with Francine, from research and development, in order to complete his marketing plan. What kind of communication is involved when coworkers at the same level of the organization exchange information?

horizontal communication

What are nonverbal cues that communicate liking and engender feelings of pleasure called?

immediacy cues

Maria is trying to talk to Miguel about her day. She begins to realize that Miguel is tired and distracted. He has spent a long day at work and is now trying to balance the checkbook. He is also worrying about a test he has coming up soon. He just isn't ready to listen. Of which barrier to effective listening has Maria just become aware?

information overload

Which of the following behaviors is NOT related to the level of commitment among married and romantically involved couples?

maintaining friendships outside the relationship

Which of the following is NOT considered to be fictive kin?

nuclear voluntary kin

Reed is attracted to Kelsey and has been asking one of their mutual friends a little bit about her, although he hasn't had any direct interaction with Kelsey. What stage of relational escalation is Reed experiencing?

preinteraction awareness

Lyndi has an algebra class this semester, one that she has dreaded since beginning college. Math has never been an easy subject for her, so when her first test comes around she is convinced that she'll fail. Sure enough, when her exam is returned she has scored a 56%, which is an F. Lyndi is a victim of her own

self-fulfilling prophecy.

Samantha and Darren have been assigned to figure out the best date to schedule their annual class dance and party. Samantha wants to establish a positive communication relationship with Darren, but it seems as though he is only interested in arriving at a solution to the question at hand. This is probably because Darren employs which type of listening style?

task-oriented listening style

The social information-processing theory explains how

we can develop quality relationships with others via e-mail and other electronic means.

The Pelz effect research finds that subordinates

were more satisfied in their jobs when they felt their immediate supervisor had influence on decisions made at higher levels.

People with low self-esteem are likely to be more

critical of others.

Heather and William are planning their son's first birthday party and are inviting both of their extended families to celebrate. Just as they dreaded, Heather's aunt Sonja declines her invitation because she dislikes some of William's relatives and refuses to be in the same room with them. Heather calls and tries to reason with Sonja, who remains steadfast; in fact, her suggestion is that they throw separate parties for each side of the family. Heather and William are left sad and tired that this rift continues to arise each time they try to arrange a family function. Heather and William seem to be facing which of the following myths about conflict?

Conflict can always be resolved.

David has a habit of screaming, "You idiot!" whenever his brother does something he doesn't like. Which strategy for creating a supportive climate does his outburst violate?

Describe your own feelings rather than evaluate others.

Trina was born in 1962. She lived a secure early childhood, only to have her family uprooted by her father's job loss in her teens, followed by her parents' divorce. She attributes her current determination to build a decent savings and balance her career and personal life to the uncertainty she faced in her early years. Trina's outlook is typical of a person in this generational group.

Generation X

Bob went to dinner with his good friend Megan. They stayed at the restaurant for hours simply because they were enjoying each other's conversation. Their relationship is best described as

I-Thou.

The clip from The Recruit, which showed an interrogation scene between two new recruits to the CIA, was used to illustrate what type of nonverbal cue that was seen at the end of the interrogation scene?

Intrinsic cues

Which of the following cultures value(s) an equal, or decentralized, distribution of power?

Israel

Sarah likes to touch other people to show her affection and feels loved when her friends, family, and/or significant other give her hugs, kisses, hand holding, cuddling, etc. Sarah's love language is:

Kinesthetic

President Nixon visited Latin America on a goodwill tour. As he exited the plane he gave the A-OK sign. Many Latin Americans were offended by this gesture, because in their region this was an obscene gesture. Of which difficulty in interpreting nonverbal behavior should President Nixon been more aware?

Nonverbal interpretation is culture-based.

Alejandro was sitting by himself in the quad, leaned over, with his head resting on the heels of his hands. Joe approached and said, "Hey Alejandro, you look sad." Alejandro responded, "Huh? No, I'm just thinking." Which difficulty in interpreting nonverbal behavior does this exchange exemplify?

Nonverbal messages are often ambiguous.

In the lecture video I mentioned that one of the problems of hooking up, especially for women, is that when women become physically intimate with someone a hormone known as _________________ is released. The purpose of this hormone is to bring about feelings of attachment, and thus while women are developing feelings of attachment, men may not be giving the women a second thought.

Oxytocin

Which skill for improving family communication is involved when family members schedule discussions, acknowledge the other's viewpoint, moderate emotions, and know when to get help or when to give up?

Use productive strategies for managing conflict, stress, and change.

After her parents tell her she can't go to the concert, Helga says, "You never let me do anything!" Helga is probably suffering from the language barrier of

allness.

The two general categories of reasons people are deceptive are

altruistic and self-serving.

A person's name generally has no logical connection with the actual person, just as the word "cow" has no direct connection to any actual cow. These examples illustrate the principle that the connection between a word and what it represents is

arbitrary.

The face, voice, and movement are the primary indicators of

arousal cues.

Beth sends Julian an e-mail asking him to meet her at the bank at 2:30 p.m. When she gets to the bank, Julian doesn't arrive until 3:15 p.m. When she asks him why he is late, he replies, "I came as soon as I got your message." The problem they are encountering may stem from the fact that a message sent by e-mail is

asynchronous.

You are sitting in Professor Rashad's class listening to a lecture, when you hear the student behind you talking to her friend about the party to be held at Jake's this Friday. As you sit there taking in details about the party, you are drawn back to Professor Rashad when you hear, "And that is what will be on the test Friday." Which stage of the listening process is reflected at the point where you return to hearing what the professor is saying?

attending

Sarah has been a faithful member of your study group all semester. But tonight she not only didn't show up, but she couldn't be reached on her cell phone. You remembered that her father has been seriously ill and inferred that Sarah probably had to rush home to tend to him. Which process of perceptual organization and interpretation did you use in arriving at this conclusion?

attribution theory

Janice and her family are enjoying their dinner meal together when the telephone rings. When Janice answers, the caller says, "Janet, this is Mr. Baxter with ABC Vacations. How are you doing today?" Janice corrects his mistake on her name and tells him that she's in the middle of dinner, to which Mr. Baxter replies, "Oh, I'm sorry, Janice. I just wanted to tell you about our great cruise offer that I can book for you here tonight..." Janice interrupts him, tells him she's not interested, and hangs up on the telemarketer. Which of Jack Gibbs' strategies for creating a supportive climate did Mr. Baxter most likely violate?

be genuine rather than manipulative

Ethics are ________ by which a person determines what is right or wrong.

beliefs, values, and moral principles

Which of the following is NOT a value or function of workplace friendships?

better overall health

Some people call the late Yasser Arafat a "terrorist," both fearing and reviling him. Some people call him a "freedom fighter," both loving and praising him. The use of these words to describe or evaluate Arafat reflect the power of words to

create perceptions.

Which of the following approaches suggests that a major factor affecting how people communicate with others is genetic makeup?

communibiological approach

Which of the following models is considered by the authors to be the most realistic model of interpersonal communication?

communication as transaction

Stuart wanted Jen to change the date of their family holiday dinner. When she didn't comply, he said, "If you don't change the date, I won't attend the event!" This tactic is defined in the text as

compliance gaining.

When someone uses the word dog and you understand the word to mean "a mangy, dirty, and disgusting animal, like the one that bit you when you were five years old," which level of meaning would you probably be applying?

connotative

The avoidant attachment style is associated with

consistently receiving too little nurturing as a child.

Camille and Larry have been arguing a lot lately about the best way to deal with their children when they misbehave. In dealing with this issue, they started discussing how the two of them interact when they disagree on something and are taking steps to tone down the high emotional level of their discussions. Which of the following types of conflict does their experience represent?

constructive conflict

According to the _____________ hypothesis, the more contact you have with people who are different from you, the more positive regard you will have for them, the less prejudice toward them, and fewer stereotypes about them.

contact

Which of the following is facework that we engage in when we "save face" by correcting what others may perceive as a negative perception of us?

corrective facework

Which of the following is most likely an example of a relationship of choice?

counselor

Desiree and Jorg have been dating for several months. One night while watching TV, Desiree turns to Jorg and says, "Jorg, we've been dating for a while now. I'm wondering if we have a future together." Jorg responds, "I certainly hope so. I've been wondering myself if we might want to make our relationship more formal." Desiree says, "What did you have in mind?" Jorg says, "Well, since you are a freshman and I know how important your education is to your parents, I don't think an engagement is right just now. But I would like us to commit to dating each other exclusively." Desiree says, "That was kind of my thinking, too." What strategy for escalating or maintaining a relationship are they employing?

engaging in relationship talk

Which function is involved when our eye contact reveals our emotions to others?

expressive

Abdul, his parents, his grandmother, and his uncle Hassid all live together. What type of family is this?

extended family

Bjorn's wife walks into the family room while he is watching the TV and begins to tell him what she found out at the PTA meeting. Bjorn turns off the TV and directs his attention to his wife. Which barrier to effective listening has Bjorn addressed?

external noise

Alan seems to challenge Alana's positive face quite often. Alan is engaging in

face-threatening acts.

According to Virginia Satir, the largest single factor determining the kinds of relationships we make with others is

good family communication.

Rob is extremely angry with Beth about something he heard she said about him to a mutual friend. When he approaches Beth, Rob is surprised when she starts talking about all the bad things Rob has done to her in the past. Beth is engaging in

gunny-sacking.

Rex likes Karl, in part, because he thinks Karl is fun, smart, and energetic. When Paul points out to Rex that Karl is a terrible driver, Rex refuses to believe it. Perhaps Rex's perception is clouded by the ________ effect.

halo

Several women in the parts department are making a claim of sexual harassment against the parts manager. They claim he does nothing about the nude photographs of women hanging on the wall or the sexist remarks made by their male coworkers. They argue that he is allowing a situation to occur that is demeaning or offensive. What type of sexual harassment is this called?

hostile environment

Helen and Martin have been a couple for some time, but they seem to be leading more of their lives separately and less as a couple these days. They limit their interactions and don't see each other as a best friend or relational partner. They also have begun to look at their property in terms of what belongs to each of them rather than what is collectively theirs and they speak in terms of "you" and "me" rather than ""we" and "us." The two are most likely engaged in which stage of relational de-escalation?

individualization

During a recent conversation with Rajiv, Maya determined which information was useful and accurate and which conclusions were more valid, and which information was less useful and which conclusions were less valid. Maya, in this case, was performing

information triage.

At which stage of relational escalation is physical contact and risky self-disclosure most likely to first appear?

intensification

While a person's facial expression and vocal cues communicate a specific emotional response, his or her posture and gestures communicate the ________ of the emotion expressed.

intensity

Dr. Wheeler walks into class several minutes late. He has always been strict about classes starting on time, so you think about teasing him by saying, "You're lucky we didn't all just leave." But then you notice that Dr. Wheeler's voice is flat, his brow is furrowed, and his eye contact is indirect and decide he may not receive your good-natured ribbing in the way you intend. What theory describes how you adapted to Dr. Wheeler's nonverbal communication?

interaction adaptation theory

The degree to which relational partners mutually confirm, value, and accept each other's sense of self is known as which of the following?

interpersonal intimacy

The "back story" to a conflict includes the degree to which a person is able to influence his or her partner. This is known as

interpersonal power.

Which of the following actions best describes decoding?

interpreting ideas, feelings, and thoughts that have been translated into a code

You shake hands with someone and notice that the hands are hard and callused. You might infer that this person worked with his hands. And since he is wearing coveralls, you assume he is a farmer. Which stage of the perceptual process would be reflected in this example?

interpreting or attributing meaning

Bill and Marilyn have begun to further develop their own language code (idioms and inside jokes), use fewer words to communicate, and rely more on nonverbal cues including increased physical contact and decreased physical distance during conversations. At which stage of relationship escalation are they?

intimacy

Which of the following is the name for the zone of personal space used for personal interactions, typically ranging from 0 to 1-1/2 feet?

intimate space

Jim uses verbal threats against Toni as a way of maintaining dominance in their relationship. Jim's actions display which type of partner violence?

intimate terrorism

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five Personality Traits?

introversion

When Gladys says, "I'm sorry, Pete. I take it back. Your new haircut isn't REALLY atrocious," she is forgetting that communication

is irreversible.

The message transfer model of communication portrays human communication as a ________ process.

linear

When looking at Josie's LinkedIn page, Amy notices that some of the information is misspelled and that Josie's photo is blurred and poorly defined. In Amy's several meetings with Josie, these do not appear to be how Josie REALLY is. In order to keep her perceptions in line, Amy needs to

link details with the big picture.

When she went to hear a speech at the local city council meeting, Carly made sure she took notes during the entire speech. This action was due to Carly's ________ apprehension.

listener

Annie and Luke met during their freshman year of college. They dated now and then, but not exclusively. Annie found that she could count on Luke to ask her out to key social events such as the college's spring banquet. Both Annie and Luke enjoy each other's company, but neither has really given much thought to marrying the other. Their relationship is characteristic of which of the following types of love?

ludis

A confusion of one word or phrase for another that sounds similar to it is known as a/an

malapropism

When Kate wasn't with Justin she thought about him all the time. Though they had only known each other for two months, she wanted to spend every minute with him, and had even changed her major in college so she could take classes with him. If Justin failed to return a text message to her within 15 or 20 minutes, she would become anxious and fearful, but when she received an affirming message, she would quickly bounce back up to "cloud nine." Justin felt the same about Kate. Which of the following types of love characterizes their relationship?

mania

Yakov sees Sven in the quad and says, "Hey, Sven. Where were you? I thought we were going to meet at McDonald's for lunch." Sven responds, "Hey, man. I was there. Where were you?" Yakov says, "I was there at noon, like we agreed, and waited 30 minutes for you to show up." Sven says, "I was there at noon and didn't see you. Hey, wait a minute. Which McDonald's did you go to? I was at the one on campus." Yakov says, "Well that explains it. I was at the one on the main highway." What kind of conflict does this situation reflect?

pseudoconflict

Mary goes to the gym to exercise after work because she says her husband, John, comes home late every night. John stays at work late because he says Mary works out every night anyway. Which principle of organizing and imposing structure is involved?

punctuating

Which function is involved when we use eye contact to signal when we want to talk and when we don't?

regulatory

Predicted outcome value theory claims that people are most attracted to

relationships that potentially have greater rewards than costs.

Miguel and Maria have been married for several years. Maria has been coming home from work and complaining bitterly about the new boss and all the changes that are going on. Miguel is getting a little tired of hearing her complaints, but knows that Maria really needs to let off some steam. So instead of telling her to quit, he gives her a hug, asks her to sit down, and tell him all about it. Which strategy for escalating and maintaining a relationship is Miguel employing?

socially decentering and adopting an other-oriented perspective

When general semanticists use the expression, "The map is not the territory," to which language barrier are they referring?

static evaluation

When we categorize individuals and attribute a set of qualities to them because of their membership in that category, what perceptual process are we using?

stereotyping

Of the following, the single best predictor of divorce is

stonewalling.

Seemingly out of the blue, Harriett comes over after work one day and says to her boyfriend Hal, "I've found someone else. It's over," and then gathers her things and leaves. The type of breakup that this example represents is

sudden death.

Morgan creates categories by applying a familiar structure to information she has selected so she can interpret that information. Morgan is

superimposing.

Oftentimes, a student will sit in the same seat all semester and may become upset if someone else takes his or her seat. This behavior reflects which category of nonverbal behavior?

territoriality

Will and Allison had been dating for some time and their college graduation was only two months away. Allison had wondered what would happen to their relationship after college - Will had a job prospect in far away Oregon and he hadn't really talked over the implications of accepting the job with her. One evening, while out to dinner, Will broached the subject and declared that while he wasn't quite ready for engagement, he was moving that direction, and would only take the job if such a future included Allison. Their talk is an example of a

turning point.

The second video clip of the Holiday where Graham and Amanda are at lunch asking each other questions about themselves was used as an examples of:

uncertainty reduction theory

Which skill for responding with empathy are you employing when you explore how you might feel under circumstances similar to those your partner has experienced?

understand your partner's feelings

As you listen to Dr. Hegel's lecture on barriers to effective listening, you begin to see how those barriers have operated in your conversations with your spouse. Which stage of the listening process is reflected in this realization?

understanding

Tony has been secretly in love with Janessa for about two years. They are good friends, but Tony wants to move things to a more romantic level. When he talks to Janessa about his feelings, she very kindly but firmly tells him that she is only interested in a friendship with him. According to the text, Tony's situation could be described as

unrequited romantic interest.