Final Exam SPED

What is the estimated percent of students with EBD who RECEIVE SERVICES under IDEA? a. 0.1% b. 1% c. 5% d. 10%

b. 1%

In order to be better informed about students with emotional and behavioral disorders you as the general education teacher decided to do some research. In your research you found that the reasonable prevalence estimates of student with emotional and behavioral disorders range from: a. 2-4% b. 3-6% c. 6-10% d. 12-14%

b. 3-6%

A response to intervention (RTI) framework emphasizes a "wait to fail" approach. a. True b. False

b. False

A valid assessment will produce similar scores for the same student each time it is administered. a. True b. False

b. False

All children with Autism experience sensory symptoms, such as repetitive motor movements. a. True b. False

b. False

Boys are four times more likely than girls to be identified as learning disabled, which indicates that males in general are more likely to have a learning disability. a. True b. False

b. False

For those pupils with a disability, IDEA requires that their IEPs provide a pre-approved set of related services that are relevant to all IEP students. a. True b. False

b. False

Receptive language refers to the production of language that is understood by and meaningful to others. a. True b. False

b. False

Research has shown a connection between Autism and the Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine. a. True b. False

b. False

Students who are at risk, such as those who are homeless or victims of child abuse, automatically qualify for special education services. a. True b. False

b. False

Universal design for learning is of primary benefit to students with disabilities or differences, and has shown to be of limited or no effectiveness with "regular" students. a. True b. False

b. False

Claudio is one and a half years below grade level in reading. Prior to initiating a referral for possible special education services, what step will his teacher likely take? a. Obtain parent consent. b. Initiate pre-referral intervention. c. Complete a formal referral request. d. Attend training sessions on reading disabilities.

b. Initiate pre-referral intervention.

Which statement reflects the philosophy of universal design for learning (UDL)? a. UDL allows the teacher to determine the most appropriate method for accessing information for particular students. b. UDL implies one optimal solution (i.e., universal) that can be applied to all students. c. UDL assumes that there is no one method of presentation or expression that provides equal access for all learners. d. UDL aims to aid students with varying abilities and disabilities without focusing on their individual backgrounds.

c. UDL assumes that there is no one method of presentation or expression that provides equal access for all learners.

Charlotta has difficulties coping with the everyday demands and requirements of her environment. In other words, she has challenges in the area of: a. intellectual functioning. b. motor development. c. adaptive behavior. d. language development.

c. adaptive behavior.

Which level of Bloom's taxonomy encourages the learner to think about why things are done the way they are by breaking down information into steps or parts? a. create b. apply c. analyze d. remember

c. analyze

Corwin has a hearing loss caused by a blockage to the transmission of sound through his middle ear. This is known as a(n) _____ hearing loss. a. sensorineural b. profound c. conductive d. acute

c. conductive

Which type of assessment uses repeated probes to directly measure and systematically chart a student's progress on academic tasks? a. summative assessment b. formative assessment c. curriculum-based measurement d. data-based individualization

c. curriculum-based measurement

Which term describes an instructional process that provides teachers with the flexibility to offer support to individuals or groups of students with diverse learning preferences, strengths, and needs? a. sensory system of support b. targeted adaptive assessment c. differentiated instruction d. strategic immersion

c. differentiated instruction

Which of the following is NOT part of the federal definition of emotional disturbance? a. Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances b. general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression c. disrespect and challenging of authority d. inability to build or maintain interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers

c. disrespect and challenging of authority

Rafael is a student with emotional or behavioral disorders. One day in class he hits another student in the face. An appropriate response from his teacher would be to a. understand that Rafael is not capable of following the rules and not administer the consequences. b. ignore the behavior and encourage classmates to do the same. c. enforce the classroom rules and administer consequences. d. explain to the class that Rafael cannot follow the rules so the misbehavior should be accepted.

c. enforce the classroom rules and administer consequences.

Ms. Lucy, an eighth-grade algebra teacher, uses a variety of methods, for example, a game of charades, to motivate and challenge her students with the intent of boosting their interest in topics such as linear equations. In other words, Ms. Lucy applies multiple means of _____ to make the topic relevant and appealing to her students. a. representation b. expression c. engagement d. recognition

c. engagement

Individuals with ADHD often have difficulty with _____, which manifests as forgetfulness, lack of emotional control, and problems following rules or directions. a. stimulating tasks b. behavioral inhibition c. executive functioning d. locus of control

c. executive functioning

Social stories are used to: a. assess how well students understood a concept b. improve reading comprehension c. improve social interactions d. teach in the content area

c. improve social interactions

Which type of assessment involves a standardized test that compares a pupil's performance with that of a representative sample of children? a. content-referenced b. criterion-referenced c. norm-referenced d. statistically referenced

c. norm-referenced

Down syndrome, a common chromosomal abnormality, is an example of an intellectual disability that has a(n) _____ cause. a. behavioral b. environmental c. prenatal d. undetermined

c. prenatal

Which process can determine if the pupil will respond to empirically validated, scientifically based interventions? a. intervention assistance b. pre-referral intervention c. response to intervention d. individualized education program

c. response to intervention

A sudden, temporary change in the normal functioning of the brain's electrical system as a result of excessive, uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain is called a: a. plegia. b. tremor. c. seizure. d. spasm.

c. seizure.

Cooperative teaching is an instructional approach in which a general educator and a _____ teach together in a general education classroom. a. paraprofessional b. parent volunteer c. special education teacher d. district administrator

c. special education teacher

Which type of cooperative teaching method focuses on dividing up the lesson into two or more different activities and presenting them in various locations in the classroom? a. alternative teaching b. team teaching c. station teaching d. one teach, one support

c. station teaching

Which level of intervention provides the most specialized instruction and addresses the specific needs of individual learners? a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary

c. tertiary

Students with emotional or behavioral disorders may exhibit internalizing behaviors that may be more harmful to themselves than to others. An example of an internalizing behavior could be: a. hitting out of anger b. shouting out of frustration c. withdrawal from peers d. pushing another student

c. withdrawal from peers

Name one classroom accommodation for students with language impairments and WHY it may be important to use.

One classroom accommodation for students with a language impairment is to allow the student to have the time they need to express themselves and do not interrupt a slow speaker. By supporting the student and giving them the chance to choose when they are ready to express themselves and talk to the class will help them feel more welcomed, supportive, and can help them with their confidence. Let them video record a presentation for your class so they have the opportunity to pause the recording and practice each small part before recording themselves.

What characteristics do students with autism exhibit that coin the nickname "little professor"?

Your Answer: Students with autism may have an extensive vocabulary and knowledge in a narrow area of interest, making it seems like they know everything about the material like a professor.

If a student's pre-referral interventions are successful and the desired outcomes are achieved, then no further action is required by the intervention assistance team. a. True b. False

a. True

Large-scale assessments do not always document students' progress on specific skills. a. True b. False

a. True

Students can use rubrics as a means of self-assessment. a. True b. False

a. True

There are no national guidelines that address the preparation of paraprofessionals, and the majority of them are employed without any prior training. a. True b. False

a. True

Which example illustrates a people-first perspective? a. a child who is deaf b. an at-risk learner c. a learning disabled student d. a gifted child

a. a child who is deaf

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders may exhibit externalizing behaviors that interfere with others. An example of an externalizing behavior could be: a. aggression toward others b. shyness and withdrawal c. whispering instead of talking d. feeling depressed

a. aggression toward others

Which of the following are one of the six stages of student learning? a. application b. maintenance c. entry level d. association e. generalization

a. application b. maintenance c. entry level e. generalization

Which type of tests provides data useful for instructional planning because they compare student performance on a task to a particular level of mastery? a. criterion-referenced b. norm-referenced c. formal d. informal

a. criterion-referenced

When learners are not making expected progress, a _____ can be implemented that allows teachers to select a valid evidence-based instructional intervention, make that program more intense, and monitor progress of individual student learning. a. data-based individualization b. curriculum-based measurement c. formative assessment d. classroom accommodation

a. data-based individualization

Which terms represent a category in Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives? a. evaluate b. create c. assess d. apply e. organize

a. evaluate b. create d. apply

Which activities are key responsibilities of paraprofessionals? a. facilitating social interactions between and among classmates b. attending pre-referral and IEP meetings c. educating parents about student disabilities and special education d. supervising pupils in the playground, cafeteria, or study halls

a. facilitating social interactions between and among classmates d. supervising pupils in the playground, cafeteria, or study halls

Which behaviors are key indicators of possible hearing impairment in children? a. frequent requests to repeat verbal information b. tugging or pulling of ear c. daydreaming d. decreased sensitivity to pain e. awkward movements

a. frequent requests to repeat verbal information b. tugging or pulling of ear c. daydreaming

The frequency of a particular sound is a measure of the rate at which the sound source vibrates and is measured in: a. hertz. b. decibels. c. loudness. d. pitch.

a. hertz.

The teacher of 12-year-old Wally reports to the school counselor that Wally has been unable to complete his assignments, that he is easily distracted by anything, even a fly coming through the window, and that he is resistant toward engaging in tasks that require sustained attention. The school counselor is likely to suggest that Wally should be tested for ADHD, predominantly _____ type. a. inattention b. hyperactivity c. impulsivity d. externalizing

a. inattention

Behaviors such as social withdrawal, depression, phobias, and anxiety are considered _____ disorders. a. internalizing b. externalizing c. chaotic d. organic

a. internalizing

Which behavioral characteristics are representative of the motivation dimension for learners with an intellectual disability? a. learned helplessness b. external locus of control c. outer-directedness d. short-term memory e. diminished attention span

a. learned helplessness b. external locus of control c. outer-directedness

What are the three categories of visual impairments? a. low vision b. functionally blind c. residual vision d. nearsighted e. blind

a. low vision b. functionally blind e. blind

Twelve-year-old Dori's physical science class is given a project to research and present information on the region's bird populations. Students are given several options for their presentation format, including a song, collage, dance, or infographic. Dori's teacher is illustrating which quality of UDL? a. multiple means of expression b. multiple means of representation c. multiple means of engagement d. multiple means of recognition

a. multiple means of expression

At birth, Laird appeared to be a normally developing infant. By age 3, he began to have some problems walking and running. At age 10, he could no longer walk and needed a wheelchair. Laird exhibited which orthopedic impairment? a. muscular dystrophy b. cerebral palsy c. spina bifida d. traumatic brain injury

a. muscular dystrophy

Which elements make up the core principles of effective collaboration? a. mutual respect b. mandated participation c. reflection d. clear communication e. individualized goals

a. mutual respect c. reflection d. clear communication

PL 94-142 mandates that prior to placement, a child must be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team in all areas of suspected disability by tests that are not racially, culturally, or linguistically biased. What is the goal behind this principle? a. nondiscriminatory assessment b. the least restrictive environment c. a "zero reject" policy d. procedural due process

a. nondiscriminatory assessment

Jayson has been diagnosed with ADHD. He may be eligible for special education and related services under which disability category? a. other health impairment b. intellectual disability c. learning disability d. emotional disturbance

a. other health impairmen

During the maintenance stage of learning, a teacher would likely ask her students to: a. periodically review the information. b. participate in exploratory activities. c. integrate information from separate units. d. practice their skills with corrective feedback.

a. periodically review the information.

During the eligibility determination phase of the 504 process, the committee must determine if the student has a(n) _____ impairment that substantially limits a major life activity. a. physical or mental b. academic or cognitive c. social or adaptive d. developmental or behavioral

a. physical or mental

What is the FULL NAME of the CURRENT federal law for special education?

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act

Which type of educational settings are preferred as a least restrictive option for school-age students with disabilities? a. regular classrooms with support services b. homebound or hospital programs c. private or public special day schools d. full-time (residential) treatment centers e. regular classrooms plus resource rooms

a. regular classrooms with support services

Which disabilities are considered to be low incidence? a. sensory impairments b. language impairments c. autism spectrum disorders d. traumatic brain injury e. emotional disturbance

a. sensory impairments c. autism spectrum disorders d. traumatic brain injury

What are the three criteria used in defining intellectual disability? a. significant limitations in intellectual functioning b. tendency to develop physical symptoms c. deficits in adaptive behaviors d. significant impairment in motor functioning e. occurrence before 18 years of age

a. significant limitations in intellectual functioning c. deficits in adaptive behaviors e. occurrence before 18 years of age

Rutger is a 7-year-old student who is blind. During class, he sometimes weaves his head and rocks his body. Both of these _____ behaviors often attract negative attention. a. stereotypic b. organic c. orientation d. semantic

a. stereotypic

The most collaborative teaching model is _____ teaching, in which both teachers equally share the instructional activities for the entire class. a. team c. parallel b. alternative d. station

a. team

The extent to which an assessment measures what it is supposed to measure is called: a. validity. b. accuracy. c. reliability. d. proficiency.

a. validity.

Autism spectrum disorders are developmental disabilities that adversely affect a child's educational performance and significantly affect which of the following? a. verbal communication b. social interaction c. mathematical skills d. rote memory e. nonverbal communication

a. verbal communication b. social interaction e. nonverbal communication

The affective network of our brains addresses the "_____" of learning, and is most associated with long-term memory. a. why b. how c. what d. where

a. why

Under the federal definitions of disabilities, which student is likely to have a speech or language impairment? Assume that in all cases, the impairment is adversely affecting his or her educational performance. a. Dirk, who has deficits in verbal communication, nonverbal communication, and social interactions b. Melanie, who has a communication disorder that involves stuttering whenever she tries to speak c. Wanda, who has a hearing impairment such that she has difficulties in processing information d. Alan, who has been diagnosed with Tourette syndrome, and exhibits a heightened awareness of environmental stimuli

b. Melanie, who has a communication disorder that involves stuttering whenever she tries to speak

Which components are included in the PL 94-142 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act? a. a Common Core correlation plan b. a free appropriate public education c. procedural due process d. rehabilitation counseling e. an individualized education program (IEP)

b. a free appropriate public education c. procedural due process e. an individualized education program (IEP)

One of the criteria for a specific learning disability is that a child demonstrate a severe discrepancy between his or her _____ and intellectual ability. a. adaptive behavior b. achievement c. cognitive skills d. learning ability

b. achievement

The third level of Bloom's taxonomy, "_____," involves questions that ask students to use learned concepts and theories in new situations. a. analyze b. apply c. create d. understand

b. apply

Croft has been referred to a psychologist by his teacher, who reports that he displays persistent patterns of inattention and impulsivity that appear to be more frequent than is typically observed in other children his age. The psychologist is most likely to diagnose Croft with: a. intellectual disability. b. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. c. learning disability. d. autism.

b. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The ability to withhold a planned response, interrupt a response that has already been initiated, and protect an ongoing activity from competing or distracting stimuli is known as: a. sustained attention. b. behavioral inhibition. c. executive functioning. d. locus of control.

b. behavioral inhibition.

A partnership between two or more individuals who are working toward achieving a mutually agreed-on goal is known as: a. cooperation. b. collaboration. c. team support. d. mutual reciprocity.

b. collaboration.

Individuals who are _____ often see themselves as belonging to a different culture with its own language, traditions, and values. a. gifted b. deaf c. verbal d. autistic

b. deaf

Dysfunctional child-rearing practices is one possible _____ risk factor in the etiology of emotional or behavioral disorders. a. biological b. environmental c. genetic d. neurological

b. environmental

Wanda has a stuttering problem, which is a(n) _____ disorder that involves the rate, flow, and rhythm of speech. a. articulation b. fluency c. voice d. language

b. fluency

Shari is excited about starting a cooperative teaching venture. To start, she realizes that she will want to discuss _____ with her team teaching partner. a. administrative support for their independent goals b. how to ensure a sense of parity c. one-on-one instruction for students with disabilities d. who will write the IEPs

b. how to ensure a sense of parity

Which disabilities are considered to be high incidence? a. hearing impairments b. language impairments c. developmental delays d. learning disabilities e. emotional disturbance

b. language impairments d. learning disabilities e. emotional disturbance

Research on the etiology of autism spectrum disorders has implicated which factors as possible causal agents? a. vaccinations b. neurological c. genetic d. environmental e. ineffective parenting

b. neurological c. genetic d. environmental

Which products on the market today reflect the idea of universal design? a. print-based federal tax return instructions b. traffic lights that beep an audio signal c. automotive seat belts with standard sizing d. appliance manuals with pictures and/or videos e. public signs that display in more than one language

b. traffic lights that beep an audio signal d. appliance manuals with pictures and/or videos e. public signs that display in more than one language

What are the three basic types of speech impairments? a. resonance disorders b. voice disorders c. fluency disorders d. communication disorders e. articulation disorders

b. voice disorders c. fluency disorders e. articulation disorders

Many of the strategies and programs that are designed to solicit parental involvement have been devised primarily to serve: a. low-income families. b. culturally diverse families. c. English-speaking families. d. families of private school students.

c. English-speaking families.

One of the experiences common to students with emotional or behavioral disorders is that they are often blamed for their actions by those around them, who may not be aware of a disability. Which of the following is another experience common to this group of students? a. They tend to receive a lot of attention from their peers because the peers want to help them. b. They cannot produce language that is understood by and meaningful to others. c. Their behaviors are almost always upsetting and troubling to those who teach, live, and work with them. d. Their impaired metacognition prevents them from thinking about their behavior.

c. Their behaviors are almost always upsetting and troubling to those who teach, live, and work with them

Since the early 1990s, the number of students with autism receiving a special education has increased more than _____ percent. a. 70 b. 170 c. 700 d. 7,700

d. 7,700

High-incidence disabilities account for almost _____ percent of children ages 6 through 21 receiving a special education under IDEA. a. 50 b. 60 c. 70 d. 80

d. 80

Which statement describes an aspect of an individualized education program (IEP)? a. The IEP begins the assessment process that is conducted by a multidisciplinary team. b. IEPs are written solely by the special education teacher at the student's school. c. An IEP is a legally binding contract and schools are liable if the IEP goals are not achieved. d. IEPs contain measurable annual goals while also emphasizing exposure to general education.

d. IEPs contain measurable annual goals while also emphasizing exposure to general education.

Which tool is used to examine the circumstances that occur around a particular behavior in order to identify the purpose of that behavior? a. an adaptive behavior rating scale b. an informal assessment c. a behavior intervention plan d. a functional behavior assessment

d. a functional behavior assessment

Which cooperative teaching arrangement can lead to segregated learning environments in which some students may be singled out repeatedly? a. station teaching b. parallel teaching c. team teaching d. alternative teaching

d. alternative teaching

The concept of universal design originated in the field of: a. statistics. b. computer science. c. music. d. architecture.

d. architecture.

Some researchers believe that ADHD results from a deficiency or dysfunction of the neurotransmitter _____ in the regions of the brain that control activity and attention. a. epinephrine b. serotonin c. norepinephrine d. dopamine

d. dopamine

Which strategy focuses on scientifically validated instructional practices or teaching strategies that research has documented to be effective? a. nondiscriminatory assessment b. universal design for learning c. procedural due process d. evidence-based practice

d. evidence-based practice

Which term describes the movement toward, and the practice of, educating students with disabilities and other learners with exceptionalities in general education classrooms alongside their typical peers, with appropriate supports and services provided as necessary? a. intensive b. discretion c. mediation d. inclusion

d. inclusion

Sometimes children with disabilities require _____ services, such as transportation or physical therapy, to benefit from their special education. a. behavioral intervention b. criterion-referenced c. benchmark assessment d. non-instructional related

d. non-instructional related

Which type of assessment is particularly helpful in allowing teachers to plan specifically for the needs of their students throughout the year and in informing them about the effectiveness of their instruction? a. alternative b. large-scale c. diagnostic d. ongoing

d. ongoing

What infection in the middle ear is one of the leading causes of mild to moderate conductive hearing loss in children? a. cytomegalovirus b. anoxia c. rubella d. otitis media

d. otitis media

Frequent and repeated measures that allow for instructional planning to collect information that can drive instruction are known as: a. curricula. b. portfolios. c. inventories. d. probes.

d. probes.

Tauret has difficulty understanding word meanings and word relationships. This means that Tauret finds _____ challenging. a. pragmatics b. morphology c. syntax d. semantics

d. semantics

Learners on the autism spectrum who require less support (such as Asperger syndrome) differ from those who need more support in that their deficits are primarily: a. physical. b. linguistic. c. cognitive. d. social.

d. social.

Which group has the highest dropout rate among all individuals with disabilities, with approximately one half of the students leaving school before graduation? a. students with intellectual disabilities b. students with learning disabilities c. students with speech and language impairments d. students with emotional or behavioral disorders

d. students with emotional or behavioral disorders

Loris was 4 years old when he was involved in a serious car accident. He sustained a head injury that resulted in difficulties processing and retaining information. Loris might qualify for special education under which category of disability? a. multiple disabilities b. other health impairment c. orthopedic impairment d. traumatic brain injury

d. traumatic brain injury